• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.9-21
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• 1981

The purpose of this study was to observe and describe the maternal attachment behavior during the mother's first interactions with her newborn and define the factors contributing to differences in maternal attachment behavior. Observations of the mother's first interaction with her newborn can offer valuable information about the mother-infant relationship, and it provides an opportunity for planning individulized care for them. Data was collected from Sep. 1, 1950 to Oct.30, 1980 at Ewha Womans University Hospital. Maternal attachment behaviors of healthy full-term infants were observed and recorded on the .maternal attachment tool and analysed by the use of means, standard deviations and ANEVA test. The following trends of maternal behaviors were observed: 1. Identifying behaviors was the predominant mode and all of the mothers inspects baby's body features. 2. Modalities of interaction, that is, touching was initiated on the babies extremities and heads (57.3%) rather than the trunks (8.7%) and mothers touched their infants with their fingertips (58.2%) more than palm touching (14.6%) 3. Care-taking activities performed by the mother were negligible at the first interaction. 4. Parity of mother, sex of infant, age of mother, planned pregnancy, length of visits by mother to infant appeared to have significant influence on the maternal attachment behaviors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1105-1109
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• 2005

The effect of dietary fatty acid supplementation on milk production, milk composition and plasma constituents in dairy cows was examined. Dietary fatty acids including mainly palmitic acid and stearic acid were given to cows from 2 weeks before and 8 weeks after parturition. Weekly gain of daily milk production was increased gradually during early lactation period and reached a plateau at 4 weeks after parturition. Weekly gain of daily milk production in lactating cows received dietary fatty acids was significantly higher than that of cows given a control diet alone. Although milk lactose concentration was slightly decreased by dietary fatty acid supplementation, milk fat and protein were not significantly influenced by dietary fatty acid supplementation. Dietary fatty acids did not affect plasma concentrations of triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acids, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose during postpartum. It is suggested that dietary fatty acid supplementation has the potency to enhance energy balance and improve milk yield without any adverse effects on milk composition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1549-1554
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• 2001

The application of rumen undegradable intake protein (UIP) on lactating dairy goats was studied. Thirty 2-year-old lactating dairy goats were selected and assigned to dietary treatments begun from the third week to the fourth month postpartum. Experimental diets were formulated into three, low (32% CP), med (35% CP) and high (38% CP), iso-nitrogenous (16% CP) and iso-energetic ($NE_L$ 1.68 Mcal/kg) UIP levels. Results showed that feed intake was not significantly different among the treatment groups. The milk yield in the High UIP group (3.17 kg) was significantly higher than the med (2.95 kg) and low UIP (2.45 kg) groups (p<0.05). The milk compositions, milk fat, milk lactose and milk solids-non-fat (SNF) showed no significant differences among the three treatment groups. The milk protein however was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the low UIP than in the other treatment groups. The milk urea-N was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the low UIP than in the other treatment groups. The mean serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), urinary-N and total protein concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the high and the med UIP groups than in the low UIP group.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.340-349
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• 2004

Purpose: The quasi-experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of the integrated NICU hospitalization education on maternal attachment, maternal self-esteem, and EPDS in the 26 mothers of high-risk infants(HRI). Method: The subjects were divided into the experimental group to received the integrated NICU hospitalization education included the enforced direct education of NICU and HRI to the mothers using a booklet and the provision of the neomaternal exposure as soon as possible after delivery. The control group received the routine education of the NICU hospitalization, mostly including the admission process and the NICU rules delivering to the husband. The research variables were maternal attachment, maternal self-esteem, and EPDS. Result: The results showed the increases in these variables after the integrated education in experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: It supports the benefits of the early direct NICU education and the neomaternal exposures on maternal adaptation process in the mothers of HRI.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.513-522
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• 1997

Clinical studies were done on 94 patients with the General Pain after Childbirth(GPC). which were treated in Dept. of Oriental Gynecology. Oriental Medical Hospital. Dae Jeon University from July 1st 1995 to June 30th 1996. 1. The total incidence of GPC was about 13.2% of the 1162patients. 2. In age distribution of GPC. after twenty years old was the most in 40.4%. the next ration was thirty years old. forty years old. early twenty years old. 3. In inducing factor. overlook was the most in 29.8%. the next ration was delivery itself. difficult delivery. cesarean section in 26.6%. 4. In therapeutic response. excellence was the most in 38.3%. the next ration was improvement. good. non improvement. 5. In onset. within ten days of postpartum was the most in 35%. the next ration was from 11 to 30 days. from 91 to 180 days. during the period of pregnancy. from 61 to 90 days. from 180 to 360 days. 6. Remedical value of abortion was relatively emedical value of difficult delivery. Cesarean section was bad. 7. In delivery times. abortion times and pregnant times did not concern therapeutic response. 8. In therapeutic period. from 11 to 30 days was the most in 46.8%. 9. In delivery seasons. Feburary was the most in 15.9%. and there were many occurrence of GPC in the winter season. 10. Past history did not concern GPC. 11. In prescriptions. Bohuh Tang Kamibang(B) was the most in 33%.

• Korean Journal of Korean Medical Institute of Dermatology and Aesthetics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.177-197
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• 2005

Acute Mastitis(急性乳腺炎=乳癰) is an acute suppurative disease appearing in the breast. It is mostly caused by galactostasis, the stagnation of liver-qi(肝鬱) and stomach-heat(胃熱). It is mostly found in breast feeding women, mostly in primiparae. It usually appears in the third and the fourth weeks of postpartum. At the beginning in the chest there appear induration, distending pain, galactostasis, inversion to cold with fever followed by the enlargement of the masses, burning red, megalgia, not subduing of chills and fever, the accumulation of it to form pus. In the early phase it is advisable to follow the therapeutic principles of soothing the liver and clearing away heat, promoting lactation and subduing swelling. After the formation of pus it is advisable to cut radially and drain the pus. External Therapy(外治法) generally refers to all the methods to treat various diseases and symptoms with application of drugs and manipulation or together with proper instruments on the body surface except the method of taking medicine orally Acute Mastitis has been regarded as surgery or the method of taking medicine orally But, based on many bibliographies, acute mastitis was treated by external therapy. Thus through the historical bibliographic studies of external therapy about acute mastitis, this study was made to help the expanding of the methods of treating acute mastitis.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.187-198
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to implement a child abuse prevention program and evaluate its effectiveness based on the Nursing Model of Resilience and Coping Skills Training Model for unmarried mothers during pregnancy and puerperium. Methods: This study had a prospective single-case, AB design with four repeated self-questionnaire measures and three observational measures. Seven unmarried mothers were provided with 10 sessions child abuse prevention program through individual visits from 32 to 34 weeks of pregnancy to six weeks after childbirth. The questionnaire was composed related to resilience, maternal stress, maternal attitude, parent-child interaction, child abuse potential. The observation was measured by video recording (total 16 times) the interaction of parent-child during feeding and analyzing it by three experts. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Friedman's test. Results: Maternal attitude and parent-child interaction were statistically significantly improved after intervention compared to before intervention. However, maternal stress decreased after intervention compared to before intervention, but it was not statistically significant. Additionally, resilience and child abuse potential were not statistically significant. This program is partially effective in preventing child abuse by promoting parenting attitudes and parent-child interactions. Conclusion: This study focused on individual resilience and applied systematic intervention as coping skills training to prevent child abuse. This study is meaningful in that interventions were conducted through individual visits to unmarried mothers at high risk of child abuse, and the program was applied, including pregnancy and postpartum periods, to prevent child abuse early.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2004

The objectives of the present study were to measure the content of iron, copper and zinc in human milk and to estimate the intake of iron, copper and zinc of breast-fed infants during the early period of lactation. Twenty-five lactating women who delivered in a hospital in Seoul volunteered for the study. Milk samples were collected at day 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 15 and 30 postpartum. The contents of iron, copper and zinc were determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion. The intakes of iron, copper and zinc of infants were estimated by multiplization with the infant milk intake reported in our laboratory. The content of iron was 0.58 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in colostrum, 0.48 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in transitional milk and 0.39 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in mature milk while the estimated iron intake of infants was 271, 255 and 259 $\mu\textrm{g}$/day, respectively. The content of copper in the milk was 0.45 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in colostrum, 0.43 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in transitional milk and 0.33 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in mature milk while the estimated copper intake of infants was 210, 229 and 220 $\mu\textrm{g}$/day, respectively. The content of zinc in the milk was 5.24 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in colostrum, 3.70 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in transitional milk, 2.93 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g in mature milk while the estimated zinc intake of infants was 2452, 1968, and 1949 $\mu\textrm{g}$/day, respectively. These results suggest that copper and zinc intake of infants are met to RDA but iron is not.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.353-361
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• 2009

Purpose: This study aimed to provide fundamental information about childbirth and antenatal care for pregnancy women and to find differences in mother's antenatal care and delivery service satisfaction between vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Methods: This study was conducted in 4 residential areas and a study sample of 184 postpartum mothers who agreed to collect data. Data was collected from September 1 to October 20 2007 and a structured questionnaire were recruited by the survey. The data was analyzed by t-test and chi-squire test using SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: There was a significant difference in delivery place between vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery. Only 10.7% of vaginal delivery group delivered in general hospitals, however 24.5% of the cesarean section group delivered in general hospitals. Early antenatal care also showed statistical difference in mode of delivery. 43.5% of vaginal delivery mothers visited hospitals for the detection of pregnancy but 28.3% of cesarean section mothers did that. Vaginal delivery mothers more satisfied with her own delivery method and suggested a vaginal delivery to others. Conclusion: These results suggest that cesarean section mother's sensitivity of early antenatal care was less than vaginal delivery mother. Satisfaction related to delivery care services were higher in the vaginal delivery group.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 2020

As respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is transmitted either via directly contact with an infected case or via indirectly contaminated fomites or skin, the major preventive measures are strict hand hygiene, early detection of transmitted sources, and rapid isolation of RSV patients. Especially early detection of hidden cases is the most critical control measure when an index case was notified in a postpartum center. The Guideline of Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention defines potential contacts in an epidemiologic survey as admitted newborns, parents of index cases, center's workers, and visitors for 10 days before the first diagnosis day of index case. However, it needs to classify potential contacts in more detail in order to conduct a successful survey. Authors conducted to search related literatures and appraise the evidences. Firstly, potential contacts would be classified into RSV-related symptomatic contacts(SxC) and asymptomatic contacts. And then, mother, caring workers, and visitors of the index cases among asymptomatic contacts would be defined as the asymptomatic close contacts(ASCC). Finally, the rest would be defined as the asymptomatic regular contacts(ASRC). The defined test using reverse transcription-PCR is applied to SxC and ASCC, and decision of isolation or regular activities are made according to the results. The rapid antigen detection test kits are applied to ASRC. These suggestions might be helpful to detect hidden cases earlier and prevent a further infection.