• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2005

Eleutherococcus senticosus (also called Acanthopanax senticosus), belonging to Araliaceae family, has been used as an important medicinal woody plant. Mature seeds of Eleutherococcus senticosus have rudimentary (extremely immature) zygotic embryos and require a long-term stratification for about 18 months to induce germination. Here, through the methods of endosperm removal and other exogenous treatments, we investigated the factors for inducing rudimentary embryos by in vitro culture, Rudimentary zygotic embryos in seeds were at globular to heart-shaped stage at about $250{\mu}m$ in length just after harvest of fruits. When the seeds without testa were cultured on 1/2 MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) medium, they did not germinate regardless of medium and sucrose concentrations but the removal of endosperm tissue markedly stimulated the growth of rudimentary zygotic embryos. The embryo reached ear-lier maturation, once when the endosperm surrounding the rudimentary embryos was removed. Rudimentary zygotic embryos developed cotyledons within 3 weeks of culture after endosperm emoval. However, post-mature zygotic embryos failed to germinate though they were morphologically normal, indicating another dormancy of embryos. $GA_3\;(2.0\;\cal{mg/L})$ and/or charcoal ($0.2\%$) treatment rapidly enhanced the germination of zygotic embryos. These results suggest that E. senticosus seeds have double dormancy; i. e. morphological rudimentary dormancy influenced by surrounding endosperm and physiological dormancy after post-maturation of zygotic embryos. Based on the above findings, we established the rapid germination of rudimentary zygotic embryos by in vitro culture of excised seeds with endosperm removal and $GA_3$ treatment.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제20권2호통권33호
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• pp.47-67
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• 2007

Objective : As a result of increasing amount of ultraviolet ray, skin problems including sunburn, rapid skin aging, melanoma, and even skin cancer continue to rise. In the present study, the effect of oriental herbal extract, Daehwanggo(大黃膏,DH) and Daehwanggogasnagbakpi(大黃膏加桑白皮,DS), as external application, on the skin damage, was investigated. Methods : 30 mice were equally distributed into 3 groups : control, UVB-control and UVB-irradiated and DS-treated group. Also mouse melanoma cell lines were cultured. Tyrosinase inhibition was measured to analyze the UN-protection effect. Melanogenesis in the UV-irradiated melanoma cell lines was compared in DS-treated cell line and control cell line. Sample skin from the ear tissue of the 3 groups were analyzed to observe the inflammatory response, T cell differentiation, apoptosis of keratinocytes. Results : The tyrosinase was more significantly inhibited in the DS group compared to DH group. Antioxidative effects was more prominent in DS group when superoxide dismutase was measured. Both the DS- and DH-treated cell lines showed significantly reduced melanogenesis. The reduction of external skin damage including erythematous papule, eczema, keratinocyte, pyopoiesis was observed in the DS- and DH-treated sample cells. In terms of the effect on the skin damage, sunburn cell, activated skin mast cells, secretion of IL-12, manifestation of HSP70, hyperplasia of epithelial cells, MMP-9 and destruction of the collagen were all significantly improved in the DS-treated sample cells. Melanin cells and the apoptosis in the melanoma cell line were decreased. Conclusion : DH and DS were traditionally applied externally for the scald in the oriental medicine. The present study elucidated the possibility of herbal extracts to be used as ultraviolet protectives. Further investigations are needed to assure the clinical application.

• 대한음성언어의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성언어의학회 2003년도 제19회 학술대회
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• pp.181-181
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• 2003

Objectives : Vocal fold augmentation using injectable material is an easy and simple operation. This study is to evaluate the histology of minced and injected autologous auricular cartilage and fat graft in the augmentation of unilateral vocal fold paralysis using a canine model for two years. Study Design : A prospective study with the contralateral side of the larynx used as the control Methods : Twelve dogs were operated. At first, a piece of auricular cartilage was harvested from ear and minced into tiny chips with a scalpel and scissors. And also, a piece of fat tissue was harvested from inguinal area and minced into tiny chips with a scalpel and scissors. The minced cartilage and fat-paste (0.2ml) was injected using a pressure syringe into the paralyzed thyroarytenoid muscle under direct laryngoscopy. Two animals were sacrificed at 3 days, three at 3 weeks. two at 3 months. one at 6 months, one at 12 months, three at 24 months. Each dog underwent laryngectomy and serial coronal sections of paraffin blocks from the posterior part of the vocal fold were made. Result : There was no significant complication perioperatively and during follow-up. There was acute inflammatory findings in the graft at 3 days and 3 weeks. Only a very small proportion of the injected cartilage was absorbed due to the degenerative change and the overall volume was preserved even when the cells died out. The injected cartilage remained in the larynx until 24 months. Conclusion : The autologous cartilage implant using auricular cartilage was the ideal vocal cord augmentative material for the treatment of glottic incompetence.

• 대한음성언어의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성언어의학회 2003년도 제19회 학술대회
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• pp.180-180
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• 2003

Objectives : Vocal fold augmentation by injectable material under direct visual control is an easy and simple operation. However, when autologous fat or bovine collagen is used, resorption creates a problem. And autologous fascia is debating about absorption now days. This study is to evaluate the histology of minced and injected autologous auricular cartilage and fat graft in the augmentation of unilateral vocal fold paralysis using a canine model. Methods : Nine dogs were operated. At first, a piece of auricular cartilage was harvested from ear and minced into tiny chips with a scalpel. And also, a piece of fat tissue was harvested from inguinal area and minced into tiny chips with a scalpel. Cutting off a section of the recurrent nerve paralyzed the right vocal fold. The minced cartilage and fat-paste (0.2ml) was injected using a pressure syringe into the paralyzed thyroarytenoid muscle under direct laryngoscopy. Two animals were sacrificed at 3 days, three at 3 weeks, two at 3 months, one at 6 months, one at 12 months. Each dog underwent laryngectomy and serial coronal sections of paraffin blocks from the posterior part of the vocal fold were made. Results : There was no significant complication perioperatively and during follow-up. There was acute inflammatory findings in the graft at 3 days and 3 weeks. The injected cartilage remained in the larynx until 12 months. Conclusion : The autologous auricular cartilage graft is well tolerated and may be very effective material for volumetric augmentation on paralyzed vocal cord.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.302-309
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• 2010

Oxidative stress has been implicated in cutaneous damage in various inflammatory skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD). Atoberry is the herb medicine extract which is composed with Spirodelae Herba, Xanthii Fructus, Houttuyniae Herba, Taraxaci Herba, Retinervus Luffae Fructus, Platycodi Radix, and Scutellariae Radix. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Atoberry in AD-like skin lesion NC/Nga mice. Murine AD-like skin lesions were made by painting Dermatophagoides farinse (Df) extract. Atoberry significantly increased electron donating ability (DPPH), nitrite scavenging (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in dose dependant. Topically applied Atoberry significantly reduced clinical severity score, ear thickness and histological grade in AD-like skin lesion NC/Nga mice. In addition, the serum levels of IgE, NO and prostaglandin E2 were significantly reduced by Atoberry. Futhermore, skin tissue levels of SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly reduced by Atoberry. These results demonstrate that topical application of Atoberry may be improve the AD-like skin lesion by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.258-265
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• 2010

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing pruritic inflammatory skin disease. To find new anti-inflammatory products for skin inflammatory disease such as AD and contact dermatitis, we produced the effective microorganism fermentation substance (EM-S) by fermentation of medicinal plants with effective microorganisms including photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, screened the effects of EM-S on NC/Nga model mice. Murine AD-like skin lesions were made by painting Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) extract. Topically applied EM-S significantly reduced clinical severity score, ear thickness and histological grade in AD-like NC/Nga mouse model by Df antigen sensitization. In addition, the serum IgE and Th2 chemokine levels (TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22 and CTACK/CCL27) were significantly reduced by EM-S. Futhermore, skin tissue expressions of Th2 chemokines were significantly reduced by EM-S. These results demonstrate that topical application of EM-S may be improve the AD-like skin lesion by suppressing IgE and Th2 chemokines.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.234-236
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• 2004

Actinomycosis is a rare form of disease that is caused by Actinomyces such as A. israelii and A. bovis, which may take the form of chronic, purulent inflammation of deep tissue evolves with necrosis, formation of sinuses and fibrotic mass. This disease arises in the head and neck area mainly in 55% and other places like that chest and the gastrointestinal tract occurs in 45%. Actinomycosis can present in a variety of forms and may mimic other infections or even neoplasms. Our case was 44-year-old man having painful indurated mass in his left TMJ area, otorrhea in his left ear and trismus. He was treated with surgical excision and biopsy confirmed actinomycosis. And after that, he was cured successfully with antibiotic therapy. We report this case of actinomycosis that developed in the left TMJ area with review articles.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1311-1316
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• 2005

To better define the relationship between dermal regeneration and wound contraction and scar formation, the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) loaded in collagen sponge matrix on the fibroblast cell proliferation rate and the dermal mechanical strength were investigated. Collagen sponges with acid-soluble fraction of pig skin were prepared and incorporated with EGF at 0, 4, and 8 $\mu$g/1.7 $cm^{2}$. Dermal fibroblasts were cultured to 80$\%$ confluence using DMEM, treated with the samples submerged, and the cell viability was estimated using MTT assay. A deep, $2^{nd}$ degree- burn of diameter 1 cm was prepared on the rabbit ear and the tested dressings were applied twice during the 15-day, post burn period. The processes of re-epithelialization and dermal regeneration were investigated until the complete wound closure day and histological analysis was performed with H-E staining. EGF increased the fibroblast cell proliferation rate. The histology showed well developed, weave-like collagen bundles and fibroblasts in EGF-treated wounds while open wounds showed irregular collagen bundles and impaired fibroblast growth. The breaking strength (944.1 $\pm$ 35.6 vs. 411.5 $\pm$ 57.0 Fmax, $gmm^{-2}$) and skin resilience (11.3 $\pm$ 1.4 vs. 6.5 $\pm$ 0.6 mJ/$mm^{2}$) were significantly increased with EGF­treated wounds as compared with open wounds, suggesting that EGF enhanced the dermal matrix formation and improved the wound mechanical strength. In conclusion, EGF-improved dermal matrix formation is related with a lower wound contraction rate. The impaired dermal regeneration observed in the open wounds could contribute to the formation of wound contraction and scar tissue development. An extraneous supply of EGF in the collagen dressing on deep, $2^{nd}$ degree-burns enhanced the dermal matrix formation.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2014

Reconstruction of a full-thickness alar defect requires independent blood supplies to the inner and outer surfaces. Because of this, secondary operations are commonly needed for the division of skin flap from its origin. Here, we report a single-stage reconstruction of full-thickness alar defect, which was made possible by the use of a nasolabial island flap and septal mucosal hinge flap. A 49-year-old female had presented with a squamous cell carcinoma of the right ala which was invading through the mucosa. The lesion was excised with a 5-mm free margin through the full-thickness of ala. The lining and cartilage was restored using a septal mucosa hinge flap and a conchal cartilage from the ipsilateral ear. The superficial surface was covered with a nasolabial island flap based on a perforator from the angular artery. The three separate tissue layers were reconstructed as a single subunit, and no secondary operations were necessary. Single-stage reconstruction of the alar subunit was made possible by the use of a nasolabial island flap and septal mucosal hinge flap. Further studies are needed to compare long-term outcomes following single-stage and multi-stage reconstructions.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.234-240
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• 2014

Cisplatin is one of the most potent chemotherapy agents. However, its use is limited due to its toxicity in normal tissues, including the kidney and ear. In particular, nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin is closely associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the heme metabolism, has been implicated in a various cellular processes, such as inflammatory injury and anti-oxidant/oxidant homeostasis. Capsaicin is reported to have therapeutic potential in cisplatin-induced renal failures. However, the mechanisms underlying its protective effects on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity remain largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrated that administration of capsaicin ameliorates cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction by assessing the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as well as tissue histology. In addition, capsaicin treatment attenuates the expression of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers for renal damage. We also found that capsaicin induces HO-1 expression in kidney tissues and HK-2 cells. Notably, the protective effects of capsaicin were completely abrogated by treatment with either the HO inhibitor ZnPP IX or HO-1 knockdown in HK-2 cells. These results suggest that capsaicin has protective effects against cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction through induction of HO-1 as well as inhibition oxidative stress and inflammation.