• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.10
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 2017

Korea is a country that needs trade. Because it lacks natural resources but has excellent skills and manpower. Trade balance means 'profit from the process of buying and selling various goods and services in many abroad countries'. If the export amount of Korea is more than the import amount, it is called the trade surplus. The purpose of this study is to find trends and future directions of exports and imports over the last 210 months for the US, China, Japan, United Kingdom which have large trade with Korea, Since 2000, China's exports have grown more than 800%. However, in the case of the US and Japan, there is a steady increase rate of around 200% without any major change. In order for Korea to increase exports for the surplus of trade balance, it seems that the increase in exports to the US and Japan as well as the increase in exports to China are more important. Since the rate of growth has been declining slightly due to the decline in exports of auto makers to China since 2014, we need a strategy to prepare for this.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.8 no.10
• /
• pp.231-238
• /
• 2017

In this study, we selected interest rates and won/dollar, won/yen, won/yuan to find out the indicators affecting domestic exports in the age of convergence. Correlation, regression analysis, indicator analysis and model analysis were performed for 210 months since January 2000. As a result, the correlation between exports and won/dollar, won/yuan, won/yen was negative(-). Therefore the directions were different from each other. In regression analysis, only interest rate and won/dollar were statistically significant for export. In the coefficient, interest rate calculated positive(+) and won/dollar was negative(-). It is interpreted that the won/dollar depreciation positively affects export growth. In this study if the won/dollar exchange rate falls, exports will increase. This is different from previous studies. Therefore, it is necessary to review the posterior relationship by time difference. Korea is highly dependent on exports. Therefore, the study on the indicators affecting exports to increase exports should continue.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2018

The article studies the effect of US real effective exchange rate and short-term interest rate on Chnise exports and imports using the EGARCH-GED model. This article analyze the effect of US major economic variables on China's exports and imports as the US pushes for interest rate hikes and worsens trade wars with China. The main results are as follows. The US short-term interest rate has a significant positive effect on China's trade volume. Even in the case of China's exports, US short-term interest rate has a significant positive effect. However, in the case of China's imports, in contrast to exports, US short-term interest rate do not have a significant effects and US real effective exchange rate has a significant positive effect. On the other hand, China's policy interest rate has a negative impact on China's imports and not statistically significant, but it has a significant positive effect on China's exports.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.183-195
• /
• 2022

Purpose - The study attempted to analyze how the U.S.-China trade dispute affects a highly trade-dependent South Korea. Currently, major domestic and international institutions have issued a number of conflicting predictions that the trade dispute between China and the United States will have a positive and negative impact on South Korea. Accordingly, the present study attempted to analyze using actual data. Design/methodology/approach - The analysis was conducted using actual import and export data from the United States and China and actual import and export data from the United States and China from South Korea. The analysis measured the number and amount of imports and exports by year and month, and the rate of increase and decrease. We also looked at trade dispute days, import and export outcomes and what the impact was. In addition, as a result of the US-China trade dispute, the amount of change in Korea's imports and exports was analyzed. Findings - Empirical analysis shows that South Korea's exports to the United States and China have increased. The analysis results are as follows. First, exports to the United States increased by 5.65% in 2018 and 6.45% in 2019 compared to 2017. Second, exports to China surged 12.34% in 2018 compared to 2017. This increase in South Korea's exports to the United States and its mass exports to the United States shows that South Korea has benefited from the trade dispute between the United States and China. Research implications or Originality - South Korea, which is highly trade-dependent, has been heavily affected by the U.S.-China trade dispute. Various predictions are made about this. The analysis showed that South Korea's export volume has increased. In the end, the effect of the trade transition to the 3rd country did not occur. Rather, the U.S.-China trade dispute appears to have helped South Korea.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.179-198
• /
• 2023

Purpose - There is a paucity of literature dealing with exporters' compliance issues in e-commerce exports. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by exploring customs initiatives to facilitate the e-commerce exports of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the changed compliance environment. The central question of this study was divided into five subquestions: first regarding the pros and cons of trade facilitation measures for Korean e-commerce export clearance; second and third questions about risk and compliance management for facilitation fourth about instruments, the changes in Korean SME compliance burden in e-commerce exports, and ways to improve trade facilitation for e-commerce exports. Design/methodology - This study adopts a qualitative approach using a case study method to understand the SME experience in Korean e-commerce export compliance procedures. A qualitative method was selected to answer research questions requiring an in-depth understanding of the regulatory procedures of customs administration and exporters' compliance burden. Because this study addresses the changing compliance environment for which statistical data is insufficient, a quantitative method is considered inappropriate. Based on the approach, data were collected using multiple sources, including an extensive literature review, interviews, and field observations. Thematic pattern matching was applied to interpret the data. Findings - This study examined ways to support SMEs in the changed e-commerce export compliance environment. Facilitation measures for e-commerce exports have contributed to SME access to global markets, simplifying export clearance procedures, and saving exporters' compliance costs. However, such instruments are limited in promoting SME compliance capabilities to cope with intensified competition and strengthened controls over foreign exporters in cross-border e-commerce. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of reshaping facilitation measures for e-commerce exports based on risk and compliance management theories to a system encouraging exporters' voluntary compliance. Originality/value - This study's academic significance derives from verifying the relationship between trade facilitation instruments and risk and compliance management procedures using an actual case in Korea. It is also of practical importance in navigating the directions for improving facilitation measures for e-commerce exports in a changed compliance environment.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.32-35
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to the Gyeongbuk area of mushroom exports by increasing exports strategy, and export support for establishing a policy analysis of the factors that you can take advantage of the basic information to get. Mushroom industry has made a rapid growth over the past 20 years in Korea. Gyeongbuk province mushroom exports account for about half of the country, enoki and total exports in 2009, and 81%, increased to 14% in 2010 and 2010, the maximum exports (9,415 tons) and the maximum exports (14,840 grand)was recorded. King oyster mushroom to represent the Netherlands in Europe, exports were higher exports to China is negligible. In the case of China in 2001, 5 spots automated mushroom factory, production, but only 8,000 tons in 2011, 652 mushroom factory, production of 1,100,000 tons very quickly grew.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.195-234
• /
• 2009

This paper examines relative contributions of extensive margin and intensive margin of Korean exports growth to China after 1990s', based on an analytical approach proposed by the Hummels and Klenow(2005). In this paper, extensive margin is defined as a weighted count of Korean exports categories relative to the rest of world's export categories to China. On the other hand, intensive margin refers to Korean exports to China relative to the rest of the world's exports to China, exclusively in those product categories that Korea exports to China. According to the results of the analysis, the expansion of Korean exports to China was induced mainly by the increase of intensive margin. This result is consistent with $Besede{\check{s}}$ and Prusa(2007) as well as the Helpman, Melitz and Rubinstein(2007) who suggest that intensive margin is a more important factor than extensive margin for sustaining growth of export in the long term. In addition, this paper shows that the survival rates of exports of parts and components and capital goods is relatively higher in comparison to those of primary and consumption goods. This implies that the expansion of international division of labor under the global production network could substantially affect the survival of exports.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.199-202
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to address a current mushroom export situation in Gyeongbuk area for establishing exports strategy, and policy of mushrooms export. Mushroom industry has made a rapid growth over the past 20 years in Korea. Gyeongbuk province exports volume of enoki and king oyster mushrooms account for about half of the country, enoki and total exports in 2009, and 81%, increased to 14% in 2010 and 2010, the maximum exports (9,415 tons) and the maximum exports (14,840 grand)was recorded. But, enoki and total exports in 2011, and -15%, decreased to -19% in 2012, and increased to 32% in 2013, 1% in 2014. King oyster mushroom to represent the Netherlands in Europe, exports were higher exports to China is negligible. In the case of China in 2001, 5 spots automated mushroom factory, production, but only 8,000 tons in 2011, 652 mushroom factory, production of 1,100,000 tons and in 2012, 788 mushroom factory, production of 1,520,000 tons quickly grew.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• v.25 no.7
• /
• pp.92-107
• /
• 2021

Purpose - This paper analyzes the relationship between trade facilitation and agricultural products exports and estimates the effects of trade facilitation in importing countries on Chinese agricultural products exports, which is of great significance for promoting agricultural trade between China,Japan and Korea and the governments of the three countries to formulate targeted trade facilitation policies. Design/methodology - Based on Wilson (2003) theoretical framework, this paper sets up its own trade facilitation level measurement system by involving four primary indicators and fifteen secondary indicators to evaluate the trade facilitation levels of Japan and Korea from 2011 to 2018 respectively. The paper selected the data on China's agricultural exports at the HS4 level from 2011-2018 and used a fixed-effects model to estimate the effect of changes in trade facilitation levels in trading partner countries on China's agricultural trade. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows: the level of trade facilitation in importing countries has a significantly positive effect on China's agricultural exports. The higher the level of trade facilitation in trading partner countries, the more Chinese agricultural exports trade, i.e. for every 1 percentage point increase in the level of trade facilitation, the volume of exports will increase by 2.299%.The sub-sample test shows that China's main agricultural products exported to Japan and Korea, such as aquatic products, vegetables, fruits and other perishable fresh products, are particularly significantly affected by the level of trade facilitation. Originality/value - First, from the innovation of the research perspective, which is different from the analysis of the existing paper on the overall trade facilitation of all traded commodities. This article is based on the close trade relations between China, Japan and Korea, and the particularity of agricultural products, from the perspective of China's agricultural exports to Japan and Korea, discuss the impact of importing countries-Japan and Korea's trade facilitation levels on China's agricultural exports;Secondly, in this paper, the hierarchical data of the HS4 quartile is used to avoid the information loss of the industry, and to analyse the impact of the importing country's trade facilitation level on the export of different types of agricultural products more scientifically.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2015

Most research on Official Development Assistance (ODA) targeted the recipients, but this study examines the effect of ODA on the donor's exports to the recipient. To do this, a panel analysis was carried out with ODA and macroeconomic data on the United States and 33 other countries from 1999 to 2009. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The economic influence on the donor varies with the recipient's localization effort. (2) High-tech exports to the recipient are independent of ODA. (3) In medium-to-low-technology areas, ODA has a positive effect on exports to the recipient with low absorption efforts. (4) Both High-tech and LM-tech product exports decreases with the technological innovation efforts of recipients with high absorption efforts, while High-tech product exports only increases with that of recipients with low absorption efforts. These results indicate that a strategic approach for ODA program is more effective and useful to the donor's economy.