• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2021

Objective: Poor ovarian response (POR) refers to a subnormal follicular response that leads to a decrease in the quality and quantity of the eggs retrieved after ovarian stimulation during assisted reproductive treatment (ART). The present study investigated the associations of multiple variants of the estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) genes with POR in infertile Jordanian women undergoing ART. Methods: Four polymorphisms, namely ESR2 rs1256049, ESR2 rs4986938, FSHR rs6165, and FSHR rs6166, were investigated in 60 infertile Jordanian women undergoing ART (the case group) and 60 age-matched fertile women (the control group), with a mean age of 33.60±6.34 years. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism and then validated using Sanger sequencing. Results: The p-value of the difference between the case and control groups regarding FSHR rs6166 was very close to 0.05 (p=0.054). However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the other three SNPs, namely ESR2 rs1256049, ESR2 rs4986938, and FSHR rs6165 (p=0.561, p=0.433, and p=0.696, respectively). Conclusion: The association between FSHR rs6166 and POR was not statistically meaningful in the present study, but the near-significant result of this experiment suggests that statistical significance might be found in a future study with a larger number of patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.479-498
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to examine effect sizes of leadership styles of nursing managers on turnover intention of hospital nurses. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Participants were nurses working in hospitals. The intervention involved nursing managers' leadership styles; the outcome assessed was nurses' turnover intention. This was an observational study design. Eleven databases were searched to obtain articles published in Korean or English. Of the 14,428 articles reviewed, 21 were included in systematic review and meta-analysis. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and R software programs were used. Results: The total effect size r (ESr) was - 0.25 (95% confidence interval: - 0.29 to - 0.20). Effect sizes of each leadership style on turnover intention were as follows: ethical leadership (ESr = - 0.34), transformational leadership (ESr = - 0.28), authentic leadership (ESr = - 0.23), transactional leadership (ESr = - 0.21), and passive avoidant leadership (ESr = 0.13). Ethical leadership was the most effective style in decreasing turnover intention of hospital nurses. Conclusion: Positive leadership styles of nurse managers effectively decrease turnover intention of hospital nurses, and negative leadership styles of nurse managers effectively increase turnover intention of hospital nurses. The ethical leadership style is the most effective in decreasing turnover intention of hospital nurses; however, it requires careful interpretation as its effects are reported by only two studies. This study contributes to addressing the high turnover rate of hospital nurses and developing positive leadership styles of nurse managers in hospital settings.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2002

A solid-state reaction of $MoO_3$ with as-synthesized H-SAPO-34 generated paramagnetic Mo(V) species. The dehydration resulted in weak Mo(V) species, and subsequent activation resulted in the formation of Mo(V) species such as $Mo(V)_{5c}$ and $Mo(V)_{6c}$ that are characterized by ESR. The data of ESR and ESEM show the oxomolybdenum species, to be $(MoO_2)^+$ or $(MoO)^{3+}$. The $(MoO_2)^+$ species seems to be more probable. Since H-SAPO-34 has a low framework negative charge, $(MoO)^{3+}$ with a high positive charge can not be easily stabilized. A solution reaction between the solution of silico-molybdic acid and calcined H-SAPO-34 resulted in only $(MoO_2)^+$ species. A rhombic ESR signal is observed on adsorption of $D_2O$, $CD_3OH$, $CH_3Ch_2OD$ and $ND_3$. The Location and coordination structure of Mo(V) species has been determined by three-pulse electron spin-echo modulation data and their simulations. After the adsorption of methanol, ethylene, ammonia, and water for MoH-SAPO-34, three molecules, one molecule, one and one molecule, respectively, are directly coordinated to $(MoO_2)^+)$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2002

The detection characteristics of gamma-irradiated $(0{\sim}4\;kGy)$ soybeans produced in Korea and China were investigated by thermoluminescene (TL), electron spin resonance (ESR), and DNA comet assay. The TL glow curves were shown at around $200^{\circ}C$ for irradiated soybeans, while that at $280^{\circ}C$ for the non-irradiated one. The normalization with a re-irradiation step at 1 kGy could verify the above detection results. The Korean soybean showed higher glow curves than Chinese did. The ESR spectroscopy for husks of irradiated soybeans revealed specific signals (g = 2.02374, 1.98715) derived from cellulose radical, which intensities were proportional to irradiation does, with the higher peaks in Chinese sample than Korean one. The DNA comet for the non-irradiated sample showed no or little tails, while those for irradiated samples above 0.5 kGy were remarkably changed in their length, size, and concentration, thus resulting in distinguishing non-irradiated from irradiated samples. As a result, TL, ESR, and DNA comet determinations were found suitable for the detection of irradiated soybean at 0.5 kGy or more, and negligible differences were observed between Korean and Chinese origins in their detection characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.609-614
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• 2002

The characteristics of thermoluminescence (TL) and electron spin resonance (ESR) and organoleptic qualities of gamma-irradiated raisin and dried banana were investigated during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 6 months. The minerals separated from non-irradiated raisins showed TL glow curve (TL$_1$) with very low intensity around 200~30$0^{\circ}C$, while the irradiated samples at 1 kGy or more showed glow curves with higher intensity around 18$0^{\circ}C$, with linear increase by irradiation dose ($R^2$=0.9684), which made it possible to identify irradiated samples during 6 months. Moreover, TL ratios (TL$_1$/TL$_2$) through the reirradiation step at 1 kGy enhanced confidence in the identification of irradiated raisins. The ESR signals of multicomponent lines resulted from crystalline sugar radicals were shown in irradiated banana, identifying irradiated samples. The ESR signal intensity was dependent on irradiation doses ($R^2$=0.8977) and the signals were stable enough to be detected by 6th month after storage. Considering tile marketability of irradiated dried fruits during 6 months at low temperature TL and ESR analyses were shown suitable for the identification of irradiated raisins and dried banana, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.725-731
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• 2015

Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis was conducted for eight different kinds of dried seafood products to investigate their gamma-irradiation status. The specimens consisted of 0~10 kGy-irradiated bones, which included five dried fishes (plaice, hairtail, saury, herring, and dried filefish) and three dried mollusks (beca squid, dried squid, and mitra squid) without flesh or marrow. ESR analysis showed that irradiated specimens exhibited typical asymmetric signals as compared to non-irradiated specimens. ESR signal intensities of all dried fishery samples significantly increased depending on irradiation dose, whereas hydroxyapetite radicals clearly appeared in irradiated plaice, saury, and hairtail. In comparing hydroxyapatite (HA) ratio, irradiated hairtail showed a greater hydroxyapatite-radical generation rate than plaice and saury, and the HA ratio significantly increased with elevated irradiation dose. However, all irradiated plaice and hairtail samples, including 5 and 10 kGy-irradiated saury, showed radiation-derived radicals, whereas filefish and mollusks did not. From the results, ESR spectroscopy was found to have potential to be applied for identifying irradiated plaice, hairtail, and saury, which all contained bones.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.256-261
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the effect of gamma-ray and electron-beam irradiation on dried spices (black pepper, red pepper, parsley, and basil) using the photostimulated luminescence (PSL), thermoluminescence (TL) and electron spin resonance (ESR) methods. The spices were irradiated at 0, 1, 5, and 10 kGy. All non-irradiated spices had photon counts (PCs) less than 700 PCs. The PCs of three irradiated spices (red pepper, parsley, and basil) were clearly distinguishable from those of non-irradiated ones, exhibiting PSL signals higher than 5000 PCs. However, negative PSL counts (<700 PCs) were obtained for most irradiated black pepper, except those irradiated with 5 kGy gamma rays and 10 kGy electron-beams. TL glow curves of the irradiated spices showed a higher peak at $150-250^{\circ}C$. TL ratios were found to be less than 0.1 for non-irradiated spices and higher than 0.1 for irradiated ones. No ESR signal was observed for any irradiated spice except red pepper, which displayed cellulose-based ESR spectra. Therefore, the results suggest that the PSL, TL, and ESR methods are effective detection techniques for dried spices irradiated with electron beams as well as gamma rays.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.603-611
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• 2011

Ethoxylacetyl oxime ligands [HL, (1) and $H_2L^1$, (3)] react with copper(II) acetate monohydrate yield octahedral and square planar complexes, respectively. The complexes have been postulated due to elemental analyses, IR, UVVis. spectra, magnetic susceptibility, conductivity and ESR spectra. Molar conductance of the complexes in DMF indicates a non-ionic character. The ESR spectra of [$(L)_2Cu(H_2O)_2$], (2) complex at room temperature and 77K are characteristic of an axial symmetry ($d_{x2-y2}$) with covalent bond character and have a large line width typical of dipolar interactions. However, [$(L^1)Cu$], (4) complex in the solid state showed spectra of marked broadening and loss of hyperfine splitting confirming spinexchange interactions between the copper(II) sites. The spectrum of the doped copper(II) complex at room temperature showed super-hyperfine splitting from coordinated nitrogen atoms and it has an axial type ($d_{x2-y2}$) with covalent bond character and an essentially square-planar arrangement around the copper(II) ion. The spectrum of [$(L^1)Cu$], (4) in frozen methanol at 77K was characteristic of the triplet state of a dimer species and the distance found between the two copper(II) centers was calculated and is equal to 4.8 ${\AA}$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.396-399
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• 2002

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the effect of irradiation dose and storage time on the free radical concentrations in gamma-irradiated sesame (Korean and Sudan) and perilla seeds (Korea). The samples were sealed with packed pyrex tube (50 g respectively) and then irradiated with doses of 0, 1, 5 and 10 kGy at room temperature using a Co-60 irradiator. Each sample in ESR quartz tube were calculated with ESR signals by Bruker-EPR spectrometer for 4 weeks. Free radicals detected for irradiated and unirradiated samples were higher than those of unirradiated ones. Since the free radical concentrations linearly incresed with the applied doses $(1{\sim}10\;kGy)$, highly positive correlation coefficients $(R^2=0.9926{\sim}0.9994)$ were obtained between irradiation doses and free radical concentrations right after irradiation. Although the free radical concentrations decreased with storage time, the signals of free radical in irradiated samples were observed even after 4 weeks of storage at room temperature.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between cytokine and chemokine levels and the clinical severity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters were performed. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, interferon-${\gamma}$-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), macrophage inflammatory $protein-1{\beta}$, and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ were measured. The severity of patients' clinical course and radiologic findings were also assessed. Results: Seventy-two patients (35 males and 37 females) with a median age of 3.9 years (range, 1-16 years) were enrolled. Patients with lobar pneumonia (n=29) had significantly higher C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and IL-18 values than those with broncho-interstitial pneumonia (n=43). However, the cytokine and chemokine values did not differ between the group that was treated with corticosteroids (n=31) and the one that was not (n=41). The CRP, ESR, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), IL-18, and IP-10 values showed positive correlations with fever duration prior to admission. The CRP and ESR values were positively correlated with IL-18, and LDH, with IP-10 levels. Conclusions: CRP, ESR, LDH, IL-18, and IP-10 values were associated with the severity of the disease, manifesting lobar pneumonia or prolonged fever duration prior to admission.