• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 2001

Effects of $Er_2O_3$ addition on the dielectric properties of non-reducible $BaTi_3$-based X7R dielectrics with Ni electrode have been studied in reducing atmosphere. X7R with moderate temperature-dependence was developed after addition of $Er_2O_3$ with $MnO_2-MgO$; room-temperature dielectric constant and dissipation factor were >2900 and < 1.0%, respectively. The addition of $Er_2O_3$ greater than 3.0 mol% improved the temperature dependence of dielectric properties, but a significant decrease of the dielectric constant at room-temperature was observed. The TCC curves rebated clockwise with increasing MnO$_2$ content at a given additive system, 1.5 mol% $Er_2O_3$ and 2.0 mol% MgO.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.257-266
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• 2012

R is a free software for statistical analysis that provides simple interfaces to other application programs. Many people are trying to learn R, but it is difficult to learn R compared to commercial software such as SPSS or SAS, and it is cumbersome to provide an environment to teach R. Thus, it is essential to provide a new web-based R environment for novice users or for laboratory use. We developedWebER (a web-based R environment) using PHP on the Linux apache server. WebER can be easily used by any R user because we implemented the same functions as the basic Rgui such as editing R program, generating the text, image outputs, errors and warnings. It is also possible for multi-users to access WebER.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.475-479
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• 2015

$YNbO_4:Yb^{3+}/Er^{3+}$ is synthesized using a solid-state reaction process with a LiCl flux. The effects of the Er/(Yb+Er) ratios ($R_{Er}$) on the up-conversion (UC) and down-conversion (DC) spectra are investigated. The XRD data confirm that the $Yb^{3+}$ and $Er^{3+}$ ions are fully substituted for the $Y^{3+}$ sites. The UC emission spectra activated by 980 nm consists of green and red emission bands, which originate from the $Er^{3+}$ ions through an energy transfer (ET) process from $Yb^{3+}$ to $Er^{3+}$. The UC emission intensity depends on the $R_{Er}$ value, and the findings demonstrate that $R_{Er}{\leq}0.14$ is suitable for an effective UC process. The DC emission spectra under 269 nm radiation of the synthesized powders exhibits not only a strong blue emission assigned to the $[NbO_4]^{3-}$ niobates, but also green peaks that originate from the $Er^{3+}$ ions through an ET process between $[NbO_4]^{3-}$ and $Er^{3+}$.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-67
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• 2010

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional intercellular organelle in which several posttranslational modification steps occurred such as protein folding, lipid biosynthesis, calcium storage and release. Perturbations that disrupt ER homeostasis lead to the misfolding of proteins in the ER lumen and up-regulation of ER signaling pathway called the unfolded protein response (UPR). Here, we have demonstrated that ageing changes the expression of ER chaperone and associated ER membrane kinases of IRE1, ATF6 and PERK.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.359-363
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• 2010

The miniature pig is a very suitable donor species in xenotransplantation of human organs. Intestine ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis has been associated with the onset of diverse diseases. Thus, we examined the effect of intestine I/R on the expression of ER stress and apotptosis related molecules. In the present study, I/R induced phosphorylation of protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), IRE, and ATF-4. I/R also increased the expression of the proapoptotic transcription factor CAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). In addition, I/R decreased the expression of Bcl-2, but increased the expression of Bax, cleaved PARP, and cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, I/R increased splicing form of XBP-1 mRNA and the expression of caspase-6 and caspase-3 mRNA. In conclusion, intestine I/R induced ER stress and apoptosis in miniature pig.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.56-57
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• 1998

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1091-1094
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• 2004

High-luminous efficiency full-color emissions in photoluminescence (PL) were obtained in $GdVO_4$ phosphor thin films co-doped with various amounts of Eu, Er and/or Tm and postannealed at approximately 1000$^{\circ}C$. The $GdVO_4$:Eu,Er,Tm phosphor thin films were deposited on thick $BaTiO_3$ ceramic sheets by r.f. magnetron sputtering using powder targets and postannealed in an air atmosphere. The rare earth (RE) content (RE/(Gd+V+RE) atomic ratio) in the oxide phosphor thin films was varied in the range from 0.1 to 2 at.%. It was found that the excitation of $GdVO_4$:Eu.Er,Tm thin films is attributed to band-to-band transition. A white PL emission was obtained in a $GdVO_4$:Eu,Er,Tm thin film with Eu, Er and Tm contents of 0.2, 0.7 and 1 at.%, respectively: CIE chromaticity color coordinates. (X=0.352 and Y=0.351). In addition, a white emission was obtained in a thin-film electroluminescent (TFEL) device made with this thin film.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.100004.1-100004.11
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• 2024

Insulin is essential for maintaining normoglycemia and is predominantly secreted in response to glucose stimulation by β-cells. Incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, also stimulate insulin secretion. However, as obesity and type 2 diabetes worsen, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide loses its insulinotropic efficacy, whereas GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists continue to be effective owing to its signaling switch from Gs to Gq. Herein, we demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced a transition from Gs to Gq in GLP-1R signaling in mouse islets. Intriguingly, chemical chaperones known to alleviate ER stress, such as 4-PBA and TUDCA, enforced GLP-1R's Gq utilization rather than reversing GLP-1R's signaling switch induced by ER stress or obese and diabetic conditions. In addition, the activation of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) or activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), 2 key ER stress-associated signaling (unfolded protein response) factors, promoted Gs utilization in GLP-1R signaling, whereas Gq employment by ER stress was unaffected by XBP1 or ATF6 activation. Our study revealed that ER stress and its associated signaling events alter GLP-1R's signaling, which can be used in type 2 diabetes treatment.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-25
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• 2000

Remotely accessible information resources are greatly increasing in number and importance, but these are stored in different systems and in different formats all over the world. For this reason, the bibliographic control must be established for the network information resources. This paper intends to describe the characteristics of electronic resources. to review bibliographic elements of ISBD(ER) related to the bibliographic description of remote electronic resources. and to comparatively analyze ISBD(ER), AACR2R Chapter 9, OCLC manual. CCM Module 31, and USMARC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.6081-6084
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• 2013

Objective: Both estrogen receptors, ER alpha ($ER{\alpha}$) and ER beta ($ER{\beta}$), are expressed in 50-70% of breast cancer cases. The role of $ER{\alpha}$ as a prognostic marker in breast cancer has been well established as its expression is negative correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis. $ER{\beta}$ is also a favorable prognostic predictor although this is less well documented than for $ER{\alpha}$. Materials and Methods: To explore whether ERs independently or together might influence clinical outcome in breast cancer, the correlation between the ERs with the clinicopathological features was analyzed in 84 patients. Results: $ER{\alpha}$ expression negatively correlated with tumor stage (r=-0.246, p=0.028) and tended to be negatively correlated with lymph node status (r=-0.156, p=0.168) and tumor size (r=-0.246, p=0.099). Also, $ER{\beta}$ was negatively correlated with nodal status (r=-0.243, p=0.028), as was coexpression of $ER{\alpha}$ and $ER{\beta}$ (p=0.043, OR=0.194, 95% CI= 0.040-0.953). Conclusion: Coexpression of ERs might serve as an indicator of good prognosis in breast cancer patients.