• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.925-931
• /
• 2006

Culture of osteoblast is extremely valuable in analyzing biological features that are specific to bone. ENA-A, ENA actimineral resource A, is a seaweed origin alkaline water. To investigate the bioactivity of ENA which act on bone metabolism, we studied the effects of a ENA on the activity of osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. ENA (1, 2, 4%) dose-dependently increased survival (p<0.05) and alkaline phosphatase activity (p<0.05) on MC3T3-E1 cell. And examined histochemistry and nodule formation according to the time course. To determine the expression patterns of bone-related proteins during the MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cell differentiation by using RT-PCR. This study suggest that ENA may promote the function of osteoblastic cells and play an important role in bone formation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.8A
• /
• pp.1177-1185
• /
• 2000

In this paper, We report on the performance issues faced by TCP based applications on satellite link having long propagation delay and high probability of bit erros and propose ENA(Error Notification Ack) algorithm for TCP Performance Enhancement. TCP Protocol cannot distinguish errored segments(in noisy medium) from losses of genuine network congestion and react as if there is network congestion. Therefore, Slow Start and Congestion avoidance mechanism are initiated. It happen this case in satellite link. Therefore it reduce the transmission rate and drop the performance. So, in this paper We propose ENA algorithm which is distinguished errored segments from losses of network congestion. And We propose the method of algorithm's implementation. And We evaluate the Performance of Tahoe, Reno, Sack TCP with ENA. As results, TCP Performance is better.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.145-155
• /
• 2002

Background: Inflammation, where vascular endothelial cells are activated by cytokines, recruits circulating leukocytes such as neutrophils into the tissues. Mononuclear phagocytes as well as tissue cells activated by these stimuli produce these chemokines. In this study, thr effects of IL-1 and LPS on the expression of CXC chemokines such as GRO-${\alpha}$, IL-8 and ENA-78 in vascular endothelial cells and the neutrophil adhesion effects of ENA-78 and GRO-${\alpha}$ was investigated. Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured and stimulated with various concentrations of IL-1 and LPS. The concentrations of the GRO-${\alpha}$, IL-8 and ENA-78 secreted were measured using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. The effects of ENA-78 and GRO-${\alpha}$ on neutrophil adhesion to the endothelial cells were also investigated. Results: The addition of IL-1 and LPS to the vascular endothelial cells induced GRO-${\alpha}$ IL-8 and ENA-78 secretion in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The neutrophil adhesion was also increased by induction of ENA-78 and GRO-${\alpha}$ to the vascular endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: CXC chemokines such as GRO-${\alpha}$, IL-8 and ENA-78 secreted by the vascular endothelial cells play an important role in the acute inflammatory responses by stimulating neutrophil adhesion to the vascular endothelial cells, raising the possibility that the CXC chemokines are one of the targets in the clinical application of acute inflammation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.113-130
• /
• 2003

1. We have established a model system to study sodium chloride, an environmental factor, induced gene regulations. 2. ${\alpha}$ENaC, cox-2, and c-fos genes are regulated by sodium chloride at mRNA level as well as at protein level. 3. Regulation of ${\alpha}$ENaC requires syntheses of new protein(s). 4. COX-2 may have a important role for homeostasis in hypertonic situation.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.225-236
• /
• 2023

This study investigated the characteristics of pre-service elementary teachers' TPACK in science lesson planning using VR/AR content based on epistemic network analysis (ENA). Seven TPACK coding elements were derived inductively based on the existing TPACK framework. Then, the pre-service elementary teachers' discourse in science lesson planning was coded according to the seven TPACK coding elements and analyzed using the ENA Web Tool. The discourses of the two groups were analyzed and compared, and the differences between the two groups, which the researchers analyzed qualitatively, were clearly shown on the ENA graph. Based on these findings, the researchers argued that the ENA method is a useful research tool for analyzing the complex interactions of technology knowledge (TK), content knowledge (CK), and pedagogical knowledge (PK), which is different from previous TPACK research. Also, the researchers discussed the implications for the TPACK competency development of pre-service teachers by comparing the characteristics of the two groups' discourse.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 2007

We have studied energetic neutral atom (ENA) disturbances during the magnetic storm main phase that occurred on October 3,2001, using the ENA data from the HENA instrument onboard the IMAGE spacecraft. We find that the main phase is characterized by five ENA enhancement events that occurred quasi-periodically. The repetitive ENA enhancements are most significant in the highest energy (138-222 keV) oxygen channel and become less significant for hydrogen and in lower energies. Also they are separated by ${\sim}1.2$ to ${\sim}1.7$ hrs, which is well below an average period usually seen for other repetitive injection events.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2016

This article describes an electrical network analysis (ENA) method to calculate the pressure distribution of a vacuum system in a molecular flow regime. The vacuum system was modeled using electrical components. For an accurate analysis, a complexly combined pipe model, excluding entrance conductance, was employed and the pressure distribution was simulated using ENA. A vacuum system comprising three vacuum pumps was used for simplicity. In addition, the ENA results were compared with results from finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental measurements. The pressure distribution profiles estimated from ENA, performed using the LTSpice IV software, were in agreement with FEA and experimental results.

• Kosin Medical Journal
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.307-317
• /
• 2018

Background: Detection of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) is needed for the diagnosis in systemic autoimmune diseases. In this study, we compared three reagents using line immunoblot assay (LIA) or multiplex bead immunoassay for detecting the anti-ENAs. Methods: A total of 89 sera were tested by 3 different assays: EUROASSAY Anti-ENA Profile (Euroimmune, Germany), Polycheck Autoimmune Test (Biocheck GmbH, Germany), and $FIDIS^{TM}$ Connective Profile (Biomedical Diagnostics, France). The following individual ENAs were investigated: Sm, SS-A (Ro), SS-B (La), Scl-70, Jo-1 and RNP. We reviewed medical records to investigate the discrepant results among three methods. Results: Overall percent agreements were 96.1% between EUROASSAY Anti-ENA Profile and $FIDIS^{TM}$ Connective profile; 90.4% between EUROASSAY Anti-ENA Profile and Polycheck Autoimmune Test using the manufacturers' cutoff; 96.4% between EUROASSAY Anti-ENA Profile and Polycheck Autoimmune Test using a upward cutoff; 90.4% between $FIDIS^{TM}$ Connective profile and Polycheck Autoimmune Test the manufacturers' cutoff; and 96.4% between $FIDIS^{TM}$ Connective profile and Polycheck Autoimmune Test a upward cutoff. Conclusions: The three assays showed excellent agreement with each other. With appropriate cutoff, the all three assays for six of the anti-ENA tests investigated in this study can be used in clinical laboratories for detecting the anti-ENAs.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.372-382
• /
• 2002

As the most of dentofacial deformity patients indicated to orthognathic surgery have strong desire for esthetic improvement as well as functional improvement, ideal esthetic evaluation should be made at surgical prediction. Lateral cephalographs has been commonly used for surgical prediction, however, remarkable discrepancy between esthetic viewpoint by simple looking and analysis on lateral cephalographs often found on evaluation of sagittal position of the upper and lower jaws especially in cases of mandibular prognathism of Koreans. In these cases, we have been employed Esthetic NaP(ENaP)-line for corrective evaluation and ideal surgical prediction on lateral cephalographs, but the efficacy of ENaP-line has not been evaluated. This is a study on efficacy of ENaP-line for orthognathic surgery of Korean mandibular prognathism. 170 Korean patients who had been diagnosed as mandibular prognathism and planned for orthognathic surgery at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University during last 10 years are studied. The obtained results are as followings; among 170 patients of mandibular prognathism, 132 patients(77.6%) had not discrepancy in evaluation of sagittal position of the maxilla between cephalometric and esthetic evaluation(they are classified as Group I), however, 38 patients(22.4%) had definite discrepancy(they are classified as Group II). ENaP-line was employed in all cephalometric analysis of Group II. The proportions of male and female were similar in both Groups. Sixteen vertical reference lines perpendicular to 16 horizontal reference lines were obtained as followings; Each of the representative degree of ${\angle}SN/AFH$, ${\angle}SN/CFH$ and ${\angle}AFH/CFH$ obtained at Group I was applied to SN plane, AFH plane and CFH plane of Group II each other, and so 16 horizontal reference lines could be obtained individually according to each of the applied degree to each plane. And then their reliability to coincide with ENaP-line of Group II was evaluated. A vertical reference line perpendicular to a horizontal line made by application of the representative degree of ${\angle}$AFH/CFH in Group I to AFH line in Group II had the most highest coincidence with ENaP-line of Group II, however, its agreement was 42% in male and 47% in female. From this results, the rest of them should be determined their corrective jaw position definitely depend on

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.347-355
• /
• 2022

Levels of beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins (ENNs: ENA, ENA1, ENB, and ENB1) were examined in fresh ginger (n = 43) and ginger powder (n = 31) samples from Korea. In the ginger samples, incidence of BEA contamination was highest, at 62.79%, with a maximum detected BEA level of 640.07 ㎍/kg. ENNs in were found in up to 11.63% (ENB, ENB1) of ginger samples, with a maximum detected level of 91.02 ㎍/kg (ENA). In the ginger powders, ENB contamination displayed the highest rate of incidence (70.97%), but the highest level of BEA (1,344.18 ㎍/kg) exceeded that of ENB (413.99 ㎍/kg). The incidences of ENA, ENA1, ENB, and ENB1 presence in ginger powders were 29.03%, 22.58%, 70.97%, and 35.48%, respectively, and their highest detected levels were 220.45, 156.61, 413.99, and 70.29 ㎍/kg, respectively. The incidence of BEA and ENN contamination was higher in ginger powder than in ginger. Respective co-occurrence rates of BEA and ENNs in ginger and ginger powder samples were 16.28% and 64.52%, indicating that the BEA and ENN co-contamination rate was highest in ginger powder as well. This is the first report on the presence and co-occurrence of BEA and ENNs in Korean ginger and ginger powder.