• 한국균학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2007

독버섯인 갈황색 미치광이버섯의 균사체 추출물(EGM) 및 배양여액 농축물(SGB)의 생리활성을 탐색하였다. 다당류 및 단백질, 페놀화합물, 총 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량은 EGM의 경우 각각 80.14%, 5.04%, 3.50 mg/ml, 5.95%이었으며, SGB는 78.68%, 4.75%, 3.32 mg/ml, 3.28%로 나타났다. 아질산염 소거능은 pH 1.2에서 EGM의 경우 100 mg/ml 처리 시 64.68%이었다. 환원력의 경우 EGM는 10 mg/ml 처리 시 0.54였으며, SGB는 100 mg/ml의 농도에서 0.87로 가장 높았고 10 mg/ml에서 0.57을 나타내었다. 그리고 linoleic acid의 자동산화 억제 실험에서 EGM의 경우 반응 30시간 이후에는 1 mg/ml 농도에서 합성항산화제인 butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT)나 vitamin E보다 높은 항산화활성을 나타내었다. 암세포 성장억제는 EGM의 경우 10 mg/ml의 농도에서 모든 세포에서 약 59%이상의 억제율을 보였으며, SGB의 경우 자궁암 세포인 HeLa에서 45%의 억제 효과를 나타낸 반면, 정상 간세포주인 NCTC에서도 76.76%의 억제를 나타내었다. 혈전용해 활성에서는 EGM의 경우 Streptokinase의 1,180 unit/g과 동일한 활성을 보였고, SGB는 1,011 unit/g을 나타내었다. ACE 저해활성에서 EGM의 경우 통상법에서는 $8.186{\pm}0.053%$이고, 전처리법에서는 $10.184{\pm}0.223$로 나타났으나, SGB의 경우 ACE 저해활성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 항보체 활성의 경우 100 mg/ml농도에서 EGM의 경우 51.48%, SGB의 경우 62.65%의 활성도를 보였으며, 10 mg/ml 농도에서는 각각 7.01% 및 17.74%를 나타내었다. 체내 uric acid 생성인자인 xanthine oxidase 저해활성은 1 mg/ml 농도에서 EGM의 경우 9.53%, SGB의 경우 16.92%의 저해효과를 나타내었다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 1997

There are two types of phonetic study, acoustic and physiologic, for differentiating the three manner categories of Korean stop consonants. On the physiologic studies, there are endoscopic, electromyographic(EMG), electroglottographic(EGG) and aerodynamic studies. In this study, I tried to investigate general features of Korean stops using EGG study for the open quotient of vocal fold and baseline shift during speech, and aerodynamic characteristics for e subglottal air pressure, air flow and glottal resistance at consonants. On the aerodynamic study, the glottalized and aspirated stops may be characterized by e increasing subglottal pressure comparing with lenis stop at consonants. The airflow is largest in the aspirated stops followed by lenis stops and glottalized. The glottal airway resistance (GAR) showed highest in the glottalized followed by the lenis, but lowest in e aspirated during e production of consonants, and showed highest in e aspirated, but low in the glottalized and lenis during the production of vowel. The glottal resistance at consonant showed significant difference among consonants and significant interaction between subject and types of consonant. The glottal resistance at vowel showed significant difference among consonants, and e interaction occured between subject and types of consonant. The electroglottography(EGG) has been used for investigating e functioning of e vocal folds during its vibration. The EGG should be related to the patterns of the vocal fold vibration during phonation in characterizing the temporal patterns of each vibratory cycle. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic change of EGG waveforms during continuous speech. The dynamic changes of EGG waveforms fir the three-way distinction of Korean stops were characterized that the aspirated stop appears to be characterized by largest open quotient and smallest glottal contact area of the vocal folds in e initial portion of vocal fold vibration ; the lenis stop by moderate open quotient and glottal contact area ; but the glottalized stop by smallest open quotient and largest glottal contact area. There may be close relationship between the OQ(open quotient) in the initial voice onset and the glottal width at the time of consonant production, the larger glottal width just before vocal fold vibration results in the smaller OQ of the vocal fold vibration in the initial voice onset. The EGG changes of baseline shift during continuous speech production were characterized by the different patterns for the three types of Korean consonants. The small and less stiffness change of baseline shift was found for the lenis and the glottalized, and the largest and stiffest change was found for the aspirated. On the baseline shift for the initial voice onset, they showed so similar patterns with for the consonant production, larger changed in the aspirated. for the lenis and the glottalized during the initial voice onset, three subjects showed individual difference each other. I suggest at s characteristics were strongly related with articulatory activity of vocal tract for the production of consonant, especially for the aspirated stop. The suspecting factors to affect EGG waveforms are glottal width, vertical laryngeal movement and the intrapharyngeal pressure to neighboring tissue during connected spech. So the EGG may be an useful method to describe laryngeal activity to classify pulsing conditions of the larynx during speech production, and EGG research can be controls for monitoring the vocal tract articulation, although above factors to affect EGG would have played such a potentially role on vocal fold vibratory behavior obtained using consonant production.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.361-376
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the head and neck postre and the cervical curvature, especially in forward head postrue(FHP). Sixty patients with craniomandibular disorders and thirty dental students without any signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disordres participated in this study as patient groups and sa control group, respectively. The author evaluated the head and neck posture of all subjects by plumb line and CROM( Cervical Ragne of Motion), and had taken cephaograph in natural head position. On the cephalograph the angle of cervical inclination formed by true horizntal plane and 4th cervical vertebra(C4) and the radius of cervical curvature from C1 to C5 were measured. A specially designed ruler was used for measuring cervical curvature. Occlusal contac number and force with T-scan system, electromygraphic activity of cervical muscles with Bio-EMG, and distance of freeway space with Bio-ECN were recorded, respectively. The collected data were processed by SAS/STAT progrm. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In subjects with longer radius which was less cervical curvature, head positioned more anteriorly than subjects with smaller radius, and they showed slightly straight cervical vertebra. 2. Between the patients and the control group, there were no differences in cervical curvature, in forward head position by plumb line and in CROM. But the patient group had a greater cervical inclination than the control group had. 3. There were positive correlation between cervical curvature and forward head position by plumbline,between forward head position y plumb line and that by CROM in patient group. The cervical inclination, however, had negative correlation with cervical curvature, and with forward head postion by plumb line, respectively. 4. In case of showing more cervical curvature and more forward head position by plumb line the head position was defined as forward head posture. In patient group, subjects without forward head posture showed greater posterior teeth contact force than subjects with forward head posture, but in control group, there were no difference between the two subjects. 5. There were higher electromyographic activity in almost all muscles and smaller freeway space in induced forward head posture than those in natural head position in subjects without forward head posture. In conclusion, head position of patients with craniomandibular disorders were not more anterior than that of normal control person, but they had tendency to head extension. From the result of this study, forward head posture could be defined as posterior rotation of upper cervical segment with a straight lower cercial segment due to loss of normal lordosis.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.655-661
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• 2009

본 연구는 기합소리를 세 가지 유형에 따라 인체내부의 근력의 차이를 비교하기 위해 H-reflex방법과 대퇴직근의 MVIC측정을 하여 추후 충격력과 운동수행에 미치는 효과를 규명하고 최적의 기합소리의 방법을 찾는데 도움을 주고자 설계하였다. 가자미근 H반사는 정강신경이 지나가는 오금에 전기자극을 주어 유발하였고, 표면근전도를 통하여 자료를 수집한 결과 기합 없이 측정한 결과 보다 기합을 지르면서 측정 시 28%증가하였고, 기합을 짧게 지른 직후 측정한 결과 29%가 증가한 것을 볼 수 있었다. 근전도 측정은 오른쪽 하지의 대퇴직근(Rectus femoris)에 표면전극을 부착해 MVIC를 측정한 결과 기합의 유형에 따라 10%와 1%의 증가를 보였다. 이러한 연구 결과에 비추어 기합이 운동신경효율성(H-reflex)과 MVIC의 크기를 변화시키는 것으로 보았을 때 근력증대에 긍정적인 요인을 미치는 것으로 사료되지만 근력증대의 변인 중 기합소리뿐만 아니라 호흡과 관련된 연구, 뇌파와 관련된 연구 등 일반화시킬 수 있는 많은 변인들에 관한 포괄적인 연구가 이루어 져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.656-668
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• 2018

Background/Aims MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were reported to be responsible for intestinal permeability in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) rats in our previous study. However, whether and how miRNAs regulate visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D remains largely unknown. Methods We established the IBS-D rat model and evaluated it using the nociceptive visceral hypersensitivity test, myeloperoxidase activity assay, restraint stress-induced defecation, and electromyographic (EMG) activity. The distal colon was subjected to miRNA microarray analysis followed by isolation and culture of colonic epithelial cells (CECs). Bioinformatic analysis and further experiments, including dual luciferase assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were used to detect the expression of miRNAs and how it regulates visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D rats. Results The IBS-D rat model was successfully established. A total of 24 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the distal colon of IBS-D rats; 9 were upregulated and 15 were downregulated. Among them, the most significant upregulation was miR-200a, accompanied by downregulation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) and serotonin transporter (SERT). MiR-200a mimic markedly inhibited the expression of CNR1/SERT. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase assay confirmed that CNR1/SERT are direct targets of miR-200a. Rescue experiments that overexpressed CNR1/SERT significantly abolished the inhibitory effect of miR-200a on the IBS-D rats CECs. Conclusions This study suggests that miR-200a could induce visceral hyperalgesia by targeting the downregulation of CNR1 and SERT, aggravating or leading to the development and progression of IBS-D. MiR-200a may be a regulator of visceral hypersensitivity, which provides potential targets for the treatment of IBS-D.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.252-260
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• 2021

노쇠의 관리를 위해 근력운동의 중요성이 강조되고 있고 다양한 운동기구들이 개발되어지고 있다. 최근에는 전자기 저항을 디지털 중량으로 변환하여 제어하는 디지털 중량제어기술이 주목을 받고 있으나 국내에서 고령자를 대상으로 하여 디지털 중량제어기술 기반 운동기구의 효과성과 안전성을 검증한 보고는 전무하다, 따라서, 본 연구는 디지털 중량제어기술을 활용한 고령친화운동기구의 인간공학적 분석을 통하여 이후 개발방향의 지표 제시를 목적으로 하였다. 총 20명의 성인 남녀 (연령: 62.40 ± 2.09 세) 를 대상으로 적용 가능한 운동강도를 분류하기 위하여 운동기구의 부하를 레벨화하였고, 세가지 실험대상 동작시의 근 활성도와 심박수를 측정하였다. 또한, 국제 표준 ISO 9241-11에 준거한 설문지를 활용하여 소프트웨어부와 기기부의 안정성, 조작성, 효율성, 만족도 등을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 운동 부하, 근활성도, 심박수가 일관되게 증가하는 결과를 통해서 현장에서 적용 가능한 3단계의 운동 강도를 분류할 수 있었다. 모니터 사이즈의 확대, 메뉴의 한글화, 기구의 소형화, 소음의 최소화가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한, 결과들을 고려할 때 향후 신제품 개발시에는 기구 크기, 표시부, 소음의 보완을 통한 고도화된 고령친화운동기구 개발의 필요성이 시사 되어 진다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2001

목 적 : 교통사고경험은 환자에게 정신사회적 스트레스요인으로 작용하며, 이로 인한 자율신경계의 생리적 각성수준이 항진되어 있을 것이다. 저자들은 교통사고와 관련된 환자중 교통사고에 대한 기억이 있는 군과 없는 군사이의 정신생리반응양상의 차이를 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 전북대학교병원 정신과 외래 및 입원환자들중 24명을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 대상자들은 교통사고 관련 환자들이었으며, 연구목적상 이들을 교통사고상황을 기억하고 있는 환자군(12명, 연령 $41.42{\pm}9.10$세 ; 교육수준 $10.33{\pm}3.14$년)과 전혀 기억하지 못하고 있는 환자(12명, 연령 $44.08{\pm}9.83$세 ; 교육수준 $10.92{\pm}3.40$년)군으로 양분하였다. 심리적 평가항목으로서 불안, 우울 수준은 상태특성불안척도, Beck 우울 척도, Hamilton 불안 및 우울 척도로 평가하였다. 생리적 평가항목으로서 자율신경계의 정신생리반응을 측정하였는데, 맥박, 피부전도반응, 근전도 등은 J & J I-330모델을 이용하였고, 수축기 및 이완기의 혈압은 DINAMAP XL Monitor mode 9340을 이용하였다. 스트레스작업은 '대본이용 및 상상기법'을 이용하였다. 연구 대상자들에게 그들이 실제로 경험했던 교통사고상황을 대본으로 작성된 것을 읽어주고 사고상황을 상상하도록 교육시켰다. 정신생리반응의 측정순서는 생리반응 측정전 약 15분간의 휴식후 '기저기간(3분)-대본낭독기간(30초)-교통사고상황의 상상(3분)-휴식기간(3분)'으로 하였다. 두 군사이의 스트레스작업에 따른 심리적, 생리적 평가항목들의 차이를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 정신생리반응중 피부전도반응은 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었지만, 기억군의 기저기간과 상상기간, 휴식기간의 측정치가 비기억군에 비해서 상당히 높게 나타났다. 근전도는 휴식기의 측정치가 기억군이 비기억군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다(p=0.028). 그러나, 다른 생리반응항목들은 두군사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결 론 : 상기 결과, 저자들은 교통사고상황을 기억하고 있는 군에서 기억하지 못하고 있는 군보다 피부전도반응과 같은 일부 자율신경계의 생리적 각성수준이 더 높은 경향을 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 교통사고관련 환자의 치료시, 그들이 경험했던 교통사고의 반복적인 기억(재경험)을 최소화시키고, 일부 자율신경계반응의 각성수준을 감소시키는 치료적 기법이 필요하다고 생각한다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2001

Background and Objectives : Signal traduction through phospholipase C(PLC) participate in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Growth factors bind to their receptors and thereby induce tyrosine phophorylation of the phospholipase C-${\gamma}$1(PLC-${\gamma}$1). PLC-${\gamma}$1 is a substrate for several receptor tyrosine kinases and its catalytic activity is increased by tyrosine phosphorylation. Tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of PLC-${\gamma}$1 stimulates PLC activation and cell proliferation. However the signal transduction pathway and the significance of PLC in injured recurrent laryngeal nerve regeneration is unknown. Therefore after we obtained fuctionally recovered rats using PEMF in this study, we attempt to provide some evidence that PLC plays a role in nerve regeneration itself and regeneration related to PEMF through the analysis of the difference between fucntional recovery group and non-recovery group in the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Materials and Method : Using 32 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, transections and primary anastomosis were performed on their left recurrent laryngeal nerves. Rats were then randomly assigned to 2 groups. The experimental group(n=16) received PEMS by placing them in custom cages equipped with Helm-holz coils(3hr/day, 5days/wk, for 12wk). The control group(n=16) were handled the same way as the experimental group, except that they did not receive PEMS. Laryngo-videoendoscopy was performed before and after surgery and followed up weekly. Laryngeal EMG was obtained in both PCA and TA muscles. Immunohistochemisty staining and Western blotting analysis using monoclonal antibody was performed to detect PLC-${\gamma}$1 in recurrent laryngeal nerve and nodose ganglion. Results : 10 rats(71%) in experimental group and 4 rats(38%) in the control group showed recovery of vocal fold motion. Functionally-recoverd rats show PLC-${\gamma}$1 positive cells in neuron and ganglion cells after 12 weeks from nerve injury. Conclusion : This study shows that PLC1-${\gamma}$ involved in singnal trasduction pathway in functinal recovery of injured recurrent laryngeal nerve and PEMF enhance the functional recovery by effect on this molecule.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different supporting surfaces on trunk muscle activities during core stabilization exercises. Methods : A total of 20 healthy college students participated in this study for 6 weeks. In this study, we divided participants into a stable surface exercise group and an unstable surface exercise group. Each group performed core stabilization exercises of Curl-ups, Bridges, and Quadrupedal position. Core stabilization exercises were performed 3 times a week for 30 minutes during 6 weeks. The stable surface exercise group used a yoga mat while the unstable surface exercise group used AERO step. This study was designed using pre-test and post-test measurements. We used Surface Electromyograpy (sEMG) to measure for the rectus abdominis, external abdominal oblique, and multifidus muscle of trunk muscle activities. Data was processed using a paired sample t-test on SPSS 18.0. Results : For the stable surface exercise group there was a meaningful improvement in left rectus abdominis, left external abdominal oblique, and right multifidus (p<0.05). For the unstable surface exercise group, a meaningful improvement was seen in the left external abdominal oblique and right multifidus. Conclusion : From the experiment, we concluded that differences in surface can make various degrees of improvement in muscles activities, which suggests patients can choose a better option under their own conditions when planning to have a core stability exercise.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the maximum core muscle activation angle according to core-strengthening exercises. Method: Twenty-six young female football players (age: $17.84{\pm}0.80years$, height: $163.08{\pm}5.25cm$, weight: $54.96{\pm}7.41kg$) registered in the Korea Football Association from D High School located in Seoul were the subjects of this research. An electromyogram (Noraxon, USA) was used for monitoring the maximum core muscle contraction activity. Results: The angle for the maximum core muscle strength per core exercise and muscle was the smallest for the upper rectus abdominis in the windshield wiper exercise. The angle of the vastus medialis was significantly the largest. The range of angles at which the maximum strength was observed for each core exercise were as follows: 1) abdominal flutter kicks ($11{\sim}40^{\circ}$), 2) leg raises ($21{\sim}34^{\circ}$), 3) scissors ($45{\sim}66^{\circ}$), 4) knee to elbow sit-ups ($42{\sim}64^{\circ}$), 5) reverse crunches ($9{\sim}40^{\circ}$), 6) butt-ups ($24{\sim}32^{\circ}$), 7) V sit-ups ($5{\sim}24^{\circ}$), 8) windshield wipers ($11{\sim}20^{\circ}$), 9) bird dog ($11{\sim}18^{\circ}$), and 10) raised leg plank ($38{\sim}50^{\circ}$). Conclusion: Four kinds of motion could be classified according to the range of angles at which the core muscles were maximally activated. The first group involves the range of motion that gives the maximum muscle strength when the lower extremity and ground angle was between $5^{\circ}$ and $24^{\circ}$, such as the V sit-ups, windshield wipers, and bird dog. The second group comprised the flutter kicks and reverse crunches at an angle between $9^{\circ}$ and $40^{\circ}$. The third group comprised the leg raise and butt-up exercises at an angle between $21^{\circ}$ and $34^{\circ}$. The fourth group included the scissors, knee to elbow sit-ups, and raised leg plank at an angle between $38^{\circ}$ and $66^{\circ}$. These results may be useful as basic data for core movement and core muscle training according to the purpose of exercise.