• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.739-747
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• 2008

There have been increasing consumption of luxury fashion and recent marketing researches on luxury syndrome, trading up, etc. in mass fashion today. Historically the consumption of luxury had been concentrated on only upper class in the past. But since 20th century, the mass consumers of modern consumptive society show their interests in luxuries which had been preoccupation of few elite class. Accordingly, it can be thought that the historical review on the changes in the meaning of luxury should be necessary for a better understanding of modern luxury consumption in sociocultural context. The purpose of this study is to grasp the sociocultural meaning of luxury in modern fashion with a holistic viewpoint by examining the changes of luxury consumption in mass fashion. It will be helpful as a conceptual approach of modern luxury consumption. For this, the documentary study has been executed. It focused on since 20th century, which can be the root of mass productive and consumptive society in fashion history. The results are as follows. The luxury in court elite system before 20th century had been concentrated on few elite class exclusively but gradually began to be represented as inferior cheaper version by mass production according to their increasing interests since industrial revolution. The luxuries in elite designer system in the first half of 20th century were represented as illegal design piracy and legal genuine reproduction in spite of problems brought about between originality and copy. The concept of mass as consumer was virtually alienated in both systems. But in fashion system since the second half of 20th century, various types of consumer luxuries has appeared on account of the trading up phenomenon in drastic growth of mass culture.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.563-571
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of oriental herbal drink to improve aerobic capacity in elite endurance runners. 14 male elite college runners were participated and divided into two group; i ) oriental herbal drink group (OG), ii ) placebo group (PG). All subjects were completed treadmill exercise protocol using GXT at before (B) and after (A) experimental treatment of one week. The V02max, anaerobic threshold (AT) were measured by gas analysis and heart rate (HR) were measure by polar system at pre, max, post, post 30 min and post 60 min. Blood samples were collected to analyze blood components. The V02max were significantly increased in OGA compared to OGB whereas the V02max and AT in OGA were significantly higher than PGA. The blood lactate concentration were shown higher decrease rate in OGA compared to Doth OGB and PGA during recovery whereas LDH and Na were significantly increased in OGA compared to both OGB and PGA. The blood concentrations of CI and K were significantly increased in OGA compared to PGA. There were no significant differences were founded in WBC, RBC, Hct, Hb and other components associated with energy sources(glucose, TG, TC, HDL, LDL, creatinine, CPK). These results suggested that this oriental herbal drink can be administrated to improve aerobic capacity in long distance runners.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.259-265
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• 2008

Picea koraiensis, called Korean spruce, is an evergreen tree and found mostly in northeast Asia. In this study, plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from open-pollinated immature zygotic embryos of nine geno-types of elite trees was established. Immature zygotic embryos were cultured onto RJW medium modified from 505 medium with $21.48{\mu}M$ NAA, $2.22{\mu}M$ BA, and $2.32{\mu}M$ KT. The average frequency for all nine genotypes was 74.2%. Embryogenic calluses of the nine genotypes of elite trees were subcultured on RJW basal medium containing $8.06{\mu}M$ NAA, $1.11{\mu}M$ BA, and $1.16{\mu}M$ kinetin. The calluses of three lines, $3^{\sharp}$, $9^{\sharp}$, and $2^{\sharp}$, were actively proliferated but others were not. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from the embryogenic callus in genotypes of $3^{\sharp}$, $9^{\sharp}$, and $2^{\sharp}$ on RJW medium with ABA and $60g\;l^{-1}$ sucrose. Cotyledonary somatic embryos were subjected to a drying process. The drying of embryos by uncapping the culture bottle for 5 days on a clean bench resulted in a high frequency of germination of somatic embryos (87% in RJW medium). However, plantlet conversion from germinated embryos was greatly reduced and the optimal medium for plant conversion was 1/2 WPM or 1/2 BMI medium. In conclusion, we have, for the first time, established a plant regeneration system via somatic embryogenesis in the Korean spruce, which can be applied for rapid micropropagation of elite trees.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2020

Association mapping is widely used in rice and other crops to identify genes underlying important agronomic traits. Most association mapping studies use diversity panels comprising accessions with various geographical origins to exploit their wide genetic variation. While locally adapted breeding lines are rarely used in association mapping owing to limited genetic diversity, genes/alleles identified from elite germplasm are practically valuable as they can be directly utilized in breeding programs. In this study, we analyzed genetic diversity of 179 rice varieties (161 japonica and 18 Tongil-type) released in Korea from 1970 to 2006 using 192 microsatellite markers evenly distributed across the genome. The 161 japonica rice varieties were genetically very close to each other with limited diversity as they were developed mainly through elite-by-elite crosses to meet the specific local demands for high quality japonica rice in Korea. Despite the narrow genetic background, abundant phenotypic variation was observed in heading time, culm length, and amylose and protein content in the 161 japonica rice varieties. Using these varieties in association mapping, we identified six, seven, ten, and four loci significantly associated with heading time, culm length, and amylose and protein content, respectively. The sums of allelic effects of these loci showed highly significant positive correlation with the observed phenotypic values for each trait, indicating that the allelic variation at these loci can be useful when designing cross combinations and predicting progeny performance in local breeding programs.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify critical parameters of a putting performance using jerk cost function. Jerk is the time rate of change of acceleration and it has been suggested that a skilled performance is characterized by decreased jerk magnitude. Four elite golfers($handicap{\leq}2$) and 4 novice golfers participated in this study for the comparison. The 3D kinematic data were collected for each subject performing 5 trials of putts for each of these distances (random order): 1m, 3m, 5m The putting stroke was divided into 3 phases such as back swing. down swing and follow-through. In this study, it was assumed that there exist smoothness difference between elite and novice golfers during putting. The distance and jerk-cost function of Putting stroke for each phase were analyzed Results showed that there was a significant difference in jerk cost function at putter toe (at media-lateral direction) and at the center of mass between two groups by increasing putting distance. From these it could be concluded that jerk can be used as a kinematic parameter for distinguishing elite and novice golfers.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.239-244
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• 2014

Retro-reflectors have been used for a wide range of applications such as traffic safety, special blinds, optical devices, etc. We analyzed the characteristics of the reflected light of a strap retro-reflector as a function of incidence angle. It is expected that various solar control structures may be designed more quantitatively using the characteristic chart we have prepared.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.329-338
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• 2017

This study aims to examine heterogeneous acculturation patterns of elite North Korean female defectors in South Korea. The study employed a synthetic comparative analysis. A series of in-depth interviews with 5 North Korean female defectors in South Korea were conducted. In addition, the research team implemented 20 open-ended surveys with other defectors. Through this study, we have found various types of cultural adaptation in the group of the elite North Korean women in South Korea. The study findings imply that it is imperative to establish national policies that support different types of North Korean defectors. Putting all North Koreans into one category might result in alienation and discrimination to some groups. Thus how the participants reframed their social identify in South Korea illuminates essential facets of human-right education, especially education for refugees and immigrants in different global and multi-cultural contexts.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.789-796
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare kinematic variables between elite golfer and novice during golf putting. 23 elite golfers and 19 novice were participated, and SAM Putt was used to collect kinematic variables. To identify main effect and interaction effect, it was performed Two-way Mixed ANOVA at a significant level of a .05. Elite and novice group, follow-through was significantly different and indicated main effect between distance and skill level. Impact, backswing, and loft angle were significantly different and showed main effect between skill level. Also, backswing rhythm and impact timing were significantly different and indicated main effect between skill level. Therefore, minimizing the movement of the wrist and keeping the putting strike rhythm may improve the putting ability.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in joint position sense (JPS), force sense (FS), and performance level of the upper extremities according to the injury and pain experiences of Korean elite archers. Methods: A total of 15 subjects were briefed about the purpose of this study and agreed to participate voluntarily. JPS was evaluated using the laser-point attached to the wrist while aiming at the target. The difference when relocating while aiming was used as JPS factor. FS was evaluated using load cell through reproduces same muscle strength. Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) was used to evaluate psychosocial factors, Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic overhead athlete scores (KJOC) and numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to evaluate pain. and performance was evaluated by tournament match score. Results: There is a strong correlation between the current pain and KJOC. Moreover, moderate correlation between KJOC and FABQ also current pain and both upper trapezius and lower trapezius in elite archers. The mean (SD) between groups based on current pain display relatively large margin in force sense than without pain group. The result presents that there is a significant difference in performance and pain. There is a significant difference in the force sense of the upper and lower trapezius and pain. Conclusions: Result present there is a significant difference in functional level in the average comparison between groups according to the presence of absence of current pain. There is a significant difference in the force sense of the upper trapezius as well as lower trapezius and without pain group present a relatively low joint position sense error compared to the groups.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of exercise-induced stress response with acute anaerobic exercise in elite soccer players of university. The subjects were divided into elite soccer players of university (SG, n=10) and control group (CG, n=10). Subjects were tested three consecutive Wingate test for 30 seconds involving 2 times of 3 mins of resting time. In addition, whole blood and capillary blood were collected at rest, immediately post-exercise and 60 mins. of recovery time. Obtained results were as follows: Evaluated mean power and peak power of SG group was significantly higher than that of CG group in the all phase of Wingate test, respectively (p<.01). Although resting serum TG, TC, HDLC levels were not significant difference between SG and CG group, resting serum glucose of SG group was significantly lower than that of CG group. In addition, serum CRP levels of SG group were significantly lower than that of CG group at rest, immediately post-exercise and 60 mins of recovery time, respectively (p<.01). In serum cytokines, in spite of no significant differences in IL-1β levels between SG and CG group, IL-6 levels of SG group were significantly lower than that of CG group at immediately post-exercise and 60 mins. of recovery time, respectively (p<.05, p<.01). From these results, long-term combination training have a crucial role in amelioration of acute exerciseinduced stress response in elite soccer players.