• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 2009

The stability of immunoglobulin M (IgM) on different serum storage conditions and specific antibody response were tested using the serum collected from sevenband grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To test the effect of storage temperature and duration, sevenband grouper antiserum against bovine serum albumin (BSA) was stored at -80, -20 or 4${^{\circ}C}$ for 1, 34, 61 or 119 days. In addition, to test the effect of repeated freeze-thawing condition, the anti-BSA fish serum was frozen at -20 and -80${^{\circ}C}$ and then thawn and frozen for 1, 5 or 10 times repeatedly. Consequently, no significant difference was found in ELISA optical density (O.D.) values of sera for the above mentioned storage conditions: different temperatures (-80, -20 and 4${^{\circ}C}$), durations of storage (1, 34, 61 and 119 days), and repeated thaw-freeze cycles (1, 5, and 10 times), indicating that IgMs of test fish were stable. The specific antibody response of sevenband grouper was observed after BSA-immunization of the test fish reared at 20 ${^{\circ}C}$ or 25${^{\circ}C}$. At the rearing temperature of 20${^{\circ}C}$, the specific antibody against BSA first appeared at 14 days and maximum antibody titer was observed between 21 and 28 days, while at the rearing temperature of 25 ${^{\circ}C}$, specific antibody appeared at 7 days and maximum antibody titer was observed between 14 and 21 days. In conclusion, the rearing temperature at 25${^{\circ}C}$ gave a faster and higher specific antibody response than at 20${^{\circ}C}$ and the specific antibody response maintained for approximately 2 months at 20℃ and 25${^{\circ}C}$.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.45 no.2 s.142
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• pp.95-102
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• 2007

The mRNA expression of several cytokines was evaluated in splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells of rats infected with Capillaria hepatica by reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR until week 12 after infection. IgG1 and IgG2a, which are associated with Th1 and Th2 response, respectively, were also assessed by ELISA. The results indicated that the majority of cytokines, including the Th1 (IL-2 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) were expressed at maximal levels during the early stage of infection (after week 1-2), and the ELISA data also evidenced a similar pattern of changes in IgG1 arid IgG2a. Th1 and Th2 cytokines responded in a similar fashion in this rat model. The expression of cytokines in splenocytes was significantly higher than that in MLN cells, thereby indicating that cytokine production is controlled more by spleen than by MLN. In addition, the observation that $IFN-{\gamma}$ expression increased unexpectedly at the time of maximal egg production (6 weeks after infection) indicated that $IFN-{\gamma}$ is a cytokine reacting against egg production. However, increased IL-5 expression occurring in tandem with worm activity indicated that the activity of C. hepatica might be controlled by IL-5 expression.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.371-374
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• 2012

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the major agents of infectious abortions and due to its worldwide distribution can threat healthy pregnant women who had no previous exposure to this parasite. The present study was designed to investigate the contribution of T. gondii to spontaneous abortions in Zanjan, Northwest of Iran, using ELISA method. Blood Samples were collected from 264 mothers referred to the provincial hospitals of Zanjan due to spontaneous abortion. The sera were isolated and subjected to evaluate the anti-Toxoplasma IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies. The results showed IgG positive ($IgG^+$) in 99 cases (37.5%). A total of 68 women (25.8%) showed seroconversion with IgM or IgA or both IgM and IgA. They included: $IgM^+$ in 21 (8.0%), $IgA^+$ in 23 (8.7%) and both $IgM^+$ and $IgA^+$ in 24 (9.1%) subjects. In 23 cases, positive titers of IgM and IgG were accompanied. In general, the analysis of anti-Toxoplasma antibody patterns, showed that about 17% of the spontaneous abortions were associated with serological patterns of acute infection. According to these findings, a considerable proportion of spontaneous abortions can be attributed to T. gondii in the study area.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.489-492
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• 2015

Although Toxoplasma gondii infection in primary school children has been investigated in many countries, limited surveys have been available in primary school children in China. In the present study, we report the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in primary school children in Shandong province, China. Sera from 6,000 primary school children were evaluated for T. gondii antibodies with ELISA. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was 16.0% (961/6,000), of which 14.5% (870/6,000) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies, 3.4% (206/6,000) positive for IgM, and 1.9% (115/6,000) were positive for both IgG and IgM. The results of the present investigation indicated a high seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in primary school children in Shandong province, China. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to prevent and control T. gondii infection in primary school children in this province. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of T. gondii seroprevalence in primary school children in Shandong province, China.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.862-870
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• 1998

This study shows the application of Ci-ELISA method for monitoring the denaturation of myosin by the frozen treatment in order to differentiate thawed beef from chilled. Hanwoo M.Semitendinosus (n=25) was treated under the two different frozen process as follows; simple frozen treatment (Exp-1) at 4 different temperatures, -10, -20, -50 and $-80^{\circ}C$, respectively, and repeated thawing-refreezing treatment (Exp-2) stored at 4 different temperatures, -10, -20, -50 and $-80^{\circ}C$, respectively. Antibodies (Abs) were produced from rabbits immunized with myosin whole molecule (MWM) isolated from beef round, heavy meromyosin S-1 (S-1) and light meromyosin (LMM) prepared by digestion of MWM. Each immunoglobulin G (IgG) was separated from antiserum. At 6 month storage, IA of anti-MWM IgG for myosin was decreased to 32.67, 32. 23, 51.52 and 34.27% in Exp-1 and to 14.82, 15.61, 25.3 and 23.7% in Exp-2 at -10, -20, -50 and $-80^{\circ}C$, respectively (P<0.05). In Exp-1, the reactivities of anti-LMM IgG were decreased to 25.12, 21.42, 49.05 and 28.96%, and those of Exp-2 were to 11.88, 9.56, 20.63 and 12.64% at -10, -20, -50 and $-80^{\circ}C$, respectively, at 6 times thawing (P<0.05). Conclusively, myosin was denaturated by freezing treatment and LMM or myosin rod part might have suffered from more extreme demage than HMM S-1, and samples at $-50^{\circ}C$ were slightly injured less than others by freezing treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.500-504
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• 2001

Gamma irradiation was applied to reduce egg allergy. Ovalbumin (OVA), an egg white protein, was used as model allergen and was gamma-irradiated at 3, 5, or 10 kGy in an aqueous state (2.0 mg/mL). The changes in allergenic and antigenic properties of OVA resulted from gamma irradiation were monitored by ELISA with serum from egg-hypersensitive patients (H-IgE), and mouse monoclonal IgG (M-IgG) or rabbit polyclonal IgG (R-IgG). The binding ability of H-IgE to irradiated OVA was dose-dependently reduced. However, IgGs from animal did better recognize 3 or 5 kGy-irradiated OVA. In the evaluation of immune reactivity using blind test, the reactivity of H-IgE rapidly decreased depending upon the irradiation dose. However, the reactivities of M-IgG and R-IgG was higher at 5 and 3 kGy-irradiated OVA than non-irradiated control. The results provide a new possibility to use irradiation process for reducing the allergenicity of egg white.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 1985

In this study, hybridoma techniques were applied to produce monoclonal antobodies to Paragonimus westermani, commonly known as lung distoma. Balb/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally every week with increasing doses of purfied protein of Paragonimus westermani adult worms begining with 0.3/mg/mouse/7 days and ending with 0.5mg at 28th day. Spleen cells from these immunized mice were hybridized with myeloma cells (NS-1) and the hybridized cells were selected in HAT media. The antibody secreting cells among the hybrid cells were initially selected by ELISA. Those initially selected cells were further screened by the criteria of antibody producing activity, and seneral cell lines among them were further tested with immunodiffusion method. One hybridoma clone produced IgM and another clone produced IgG1. The supernatant of the hybridoma clone producing IgM had titer 1:64 and the hybridoma clone producing IgG1 had titer 1:256 measured by immunofluorescence technique.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.506-512
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• 1991

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were produced and characterized. Spleen cells from mouse immunized with IAA coupled to bovine serum albumin were fused with SP2/0-Ag14 myeloma cells. Three clones secreted specific antibodies to IAA were established to hybridoma cell lines and designated WLI-G1, WLI-G3 and WLI-Ell. The antibodies produced were classified into IgG, types and revealed the high degree of specificity by cross-reaction in the IAA derivatives and its analogues. In the IAA-ELISA with mAb, the measuring range of the assay was 1-500 p mol, and Ka and binding capacity calculated from Scatchard plot were 6.7 X 10$^{-10}$ L/M and 6 x 10$^{-10}$ L/M respectively. The ELISA with mAb can be used to quantitate IAA directly in crude plant eatract. The results showed that the immunoassay was easy and sensitive method to perform and applicate for quantitative analysis of IAA in plant.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 1987

This stduy was carried out to investigate the effects of Isoimmunization by sperm and seminal plasma on density of immunoglobulins in reproductive tract fluids and serum of immunized rabbits. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Antibody titers against sperm and seminal plasma antigen ranged from 8 to 64 to 512, respectively. 2. All immunoglobulins; IgG, IgA and IgM were detected with Indirect ELISA method in the uterine and oviductal fluids as well as the sera of immune rabbits. 3. Concentrations of IgGs in the uterine and oviductal fluids of rabbits immunized with sperm and seminal plasma were higher than those of the control rabbits, but not showed any differences in sera. 4. Amount of IgA in the sera and oviductal fluids of control animals was more than that of the immune animals, while that of IgA in the uterine fluids of control and seminal plasma-immunized animals was higher as compared to sperm immune animals. 5. Average concentration of IgM in the uterine fluids of control and seminal plasma-immunized rabbits was higher than that of sperm-immunized ones. In the oviductal fluids, average concentrations of IgM of immune rabbits was higher than that of immune rabbits.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.22 no.1 s.176
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• pp.57-66
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• 1984

Twelve patients of localized juvenile periodontitis were evaluated to detection of serum IgG and IgM antibodies to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 strain. Sera were isolated from those patients. Antibody titer of patients sera to Aa stran Y4 strain. Sera were isolated from those patients. Antibody titer of patients sera to Aa stran Y4 were determined by modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assey (ELISA) using sonicated and formalin-fixed whole Aa y4 strain for detection of serum IgG and IgM antibody titers. To compare with health control and L.J.P., we used 12 healthy dental student who did not exhibited any gingivits. Results were determined by using ELISA reader at 400mm absorbance value. Data analysis were performed with comparison of the regression functions relating absorbance to dilution and Dunnett t-test. Significant high antibody titer to As Y4 in L.J.P. sera were shown in this examination(281. 4 Eu-G to 162.80 Eu-G, 106.0 Eu-M to 40.0 Eu-M for sonicated As Y4 antigen and 653.960. to 138.117 Eu-M for intact As Y4) and this data were also statistically significant (P<0.05). This work was supported in part from Seoul national University Hospital Grant and Korean Science Foundation.