• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.527-547
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate how depression, death anxiety, and social support can exert influence on the psychological well-being of elderly living alone through a parameter of resilience. A survey was conducted involving 988 elderly over the age of 65 living alone in the Daejeon metropolitan area and Chungcheongnam-do and the data were analyzed using structure equation model. The results were as follows. First, in the measurement of variables according to demographic characteristics, depression showed significant differences depending on gender, level of education, health, and financial condition, while death anxiety differed depending on gender, and level of education. Social support was significantly different by gender, age, level of education, region, health, and financial condition. The level of resilience was significantly different by gender, age, level of education, health, and financial condition. Psychological well-being varied according to gender, level of education, health, and financial condition. Second, the effects of depression, death anxiety and social support on psychological well-being were examined. It was found that depression had a negative influence and social support had a positive impact while death anxiety showed no influence. Third, with regard to the effects of depression, death anxiety, social support on resilience, depression was found having negative influence, whereas social support having positive influence. Forth, psychological well-being was positively affected by resilience. Also, through the mediated pathway of resilience, their psychological well-being seemed to totally improve when the negative factors were reduced and the positive ones promoted. This study may have some significance in reference to examine the factors affecting the psychological well-being of elderly living alone and to develop social welfare service programs and policies in the field.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1057-1068
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the differences of health patterns; health-related characteristics, health behaviors, health problems, and self-care levels of elderly, living alone in an urban area according to age roup. Method: The study design was a descriptive survey and the subjects were 1,800 elderly consisting of 937 young old, 704 middle old, and 159 old old. Data was collected from May to July 2003 using the structured questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics, $\chi$$^2$-test, Fisher's exact probability test, ANOVA and Scheffe test using SPSS/PC. Result: The health related characteristics which involved body mass index, mental status, use of assistant devices, perceived health, concern of health, and social support were different among the groups and more aggravated by aging. Health behaviors and health problems were also significantly aggravated in the old old group. The self-care levels measured by ADL, physical activity, and self-care ability scores were also significantly decreased in the old old group. Conclusion: For the level of health status, health behaviors and self-care ability were significantly decreased by aging, health care services for the elderly should be planned considering the difference in the health pattern by age group.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.911-931
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• 2010

This study was conducted with objectives to assess consumption structure of the elderly households in Korea, focusing on the difference of consumption structure depending on the poverty status and family type. The results of this study show that the poor elderly households have primarily consumed the necessary goods for health care, food, clothing, and shelter. Especially, the poor single elderly living alone and married couples living independently(or alone) have been in the serious unbalanced consumption status. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that the support schemes to help the consumption of necessary goods should be introduced to improve their economic well-being. The support schemes to promote their social role as consumers should be also introduced.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.123-132
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• 2014

Proportion of senior population living alone in South Korea has exceeded over 20.2% in 2012, and it is anticipated that the proportion would increase every year. Poverty rate of seniors living alone in Korea is also anticipated to increase the highest rate (76.6%) among OECD countries. In particular, seniors lacking family support are having greater difficulty and isolated due to high housing costs and housing instability. Therefore, they need a new housing alternatives for considering their economical difficulty and lacking family and social support. This study attempted to examine possibility to develop a new housing alternatives for Korean seniors, especially living urban area. For this purpose, this study identified the attitudes and preference for a new house alternatives(Senior Shared House) by Korean seniors living alone. The key findings of this study were as follows: 1) Eighty-five percent of seniors participated in this study responded the senior shared house was needed. 2) It should be developed by utilizing or renovating and renting out existing housing in city areas. 3) Pre-residence checklist can be developed to connect and match prospect residents. 4) Professional workforce (e.g. housing welfare professional) is absolutely necessary to perform the role of coordinator understanding the various characteristics of the seniors, and their living requirements. Recommendations and directions for future development of senior shared house were suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

This study is designed to identify the changes of the elderly's residential environment and life satisfaction in rural area during the past 20 years. Data from the survey of Ministry of Health and Welfare conducted in 1994, 1998, 2004, 2008, and 2014 were used for the analysis. The subjects of the study included a sample of 11,019 respondents who represent aged 65 and older in Korea rural area. The result of analysis indicated that; First, the average age of the rural elderly continuously increased and the rural elderly that hope to live with their grown-up children gradually declined. It means that the social responsibility of supporting the elderly is steadily expanding. Second, the ratio of rural elderly living with their children is decreased from 43% in 1994 to 11% in 2014, whereas the single elderly household who are living alone or living with spouse increased. And more elderly live with married children in order to help their children rather than receiving help from them. Third, the frequency of intercourse with their children tended to decline gradually, in contrast with communication frequency with them mounted steadily during the past few decades. Finally, the factors influencing the life satisfaction of rural elderly was health status, economic level, child relationship with them, and residential environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

Due to rapid decrease in population of farming and fishing villages and drain of young rural manpower to the cities, aging is being intensified, and the conditions of housing and welfare of elderly households are inadequate. Currently, group home is being discussed as part of specialized housing and welfare support policy for the people in the vulnerable class with poor self-supporting abilities such as the aged living alone in farming and fishing villages, and aged farming and fishing households. So the purpose of this research is to present the basic data for proposing the policy of supplying group home through examining the realities of housing and welfare of the people in the vulnerable class in farming and fishing villages. Survey was conducted on the 4 regions -Cheonan-si, Gongju-si, Yesan-gun, and Seosan-si - whose apartments were all occupied by the residents among the group homes for the elderly living alone in Chungcheongnam-do and the following results were derived from the analysis on the data collected from the survey. First, great effects can be attained at small costs by reorganizing and utilizing the public facilities that are unused or little used and the existing houses that are exposed to risks due to improper maintenance. Second, it can be pointed out that the residential environment of the vulnerable members of society was improved without impairing the existing village landscape. Third, housing welfare was enhanced without investing a large sum of money and the system to promptly cope with negligent accidents and emergency can be built and operated. Fourth, the cases promoted to solve the problems of the poor, unhygienic, and unsafe housing of the elderly and the vulnerable members of society were very positive and well worthy of being presented as planning direction of future group homes in farming and fishing villages. Finally, if they are operated entirely for free, it will cause the lack of the sense of ownership and the problems in securing the budget, so the ways of paying minimum individual housing expenses should be examined. The alternatives of housing welfare for the vulnerable members of farming and fishing villages are needed and the ways of constructive planning and researches should be continuously made. Also, the government's support policy should be actively promoted.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.329-337
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• 2018

This study was designed to investigate the effect of medical education on the health behavior of elderly people aged 65 years or older who have the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. From 2014 community health survey data, 9042 people with hypertension and diabetes who had disease management education experience in elderly people over 65 years old were used as the final analysis data. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test and multi-variable logistic regression. The results of the study showed that the perceived rate of cardiovascular health factors was higher in the elderly living alone with disease management education (p <.001), and the probability of walking more than 3 days per week was 1.145(P = .002), not drinking at the present time was 1.212 times (p <.001), eating thinly was 1.184 times (p = .002). From the results of this study, it is required to develop the health promotion policy that reflects the importance of education by health care providers and the health information provided to the elderly living alone.

• Journal of Advanced Technology Convergence
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2022

It is not easy to predict the future society in the rapidly changing present, but it is said that a new social environment of sensibility and virtuality will come, and we should pay attention to the fact that women have entered this as the subject. This study is a literature review study on gender roles. Through the study, it was found that gender stereotypes that exist in our society allow men to enjoy a lot of vested rights just by being male, and that women have to endure pain because they are women is accepted as a matter of course. Living in the 21st century, we were able to know the reality that we could not escape the pre-modern patriarchal ideology and still worshiped the idea of preferring boys. Through this study, unlike other elderly groups, elderly people who live alone are likely to be cut off from society and lead a limited life in their own world. However, through the efforts of the government, local organizations, and individuals, the goal of welfare for the elderly is to increase the satisfaction of life for the elderly living alone so that they can enjoy a successful old age. From this point of view, the support measures for the elderly living alone will be effective only when systematic and complementary in various dimensions such as family structure, physical, economic, and social aspects.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1179-1195
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the effects of ego integrity on QoL(Quality of Life) of elderly living alone, where we focused on moderating role of SF36 health factors. To investigate the cause and effect of factors, we purposively collected 282 samples from senior welfare centers in Jeonju city and exploited reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and SEM(Structural Equation Modeling) for 265 cases excluding some cases with missing values. As the results, first, we confirmed ego integrity was positive predictor of QoL. Second, it was proven that the effect of ego integrity on QoL of elderly living alone was stronger in the lower physical functioning group than higher physical functioning group. Third, we also verified that the group with more difficulties in activities or work as a result of poor physical health showed higher effect of ego integrity on QoL. Based on the results, we could explain the reason of conflicts regarding how elderly's health influenced on ego integrity. Also, in the practice of intervention to elderly's problem, we found the health factors could be an indicator of direction or effect of the intervention

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate physical health status. depression. activities of daily living (ADL & IADL) of the low-income elderly who live alone in urban areas. Method: The subjects were the 400 low-income elders who live alone in Daegu city and the following instruments were used: 1. The number of self-reported physical health problems and present diseases: 2. CES-D scale for depression by Jo Nam-Oak et al. (1998): and 3. ADL scale by Katz (1989) and IADL scale by Lawton and Brody (1969). Results: 1. Visual difficulty was the most prevailing problem (55.3%) among physical problems. the second bowel elimination and the third hearing disturbance. As for present diseases. arthritis (26.5%), hypertension(24.3%) and DM (11.8%) were the most common diseases. 2. There were significant differences in physical health status according to age (t=3.115. p=.045). kind of medical security (t=-1.973. p=.049). perceived life satisfaction (F=4.966. p=.007) and the number of present diseases (F=2.937. p=.033). 3. There were significant differences in depression according to sex (t=-3.758. p=.000) . kind of medical security (t=-4.368. p=.000). perceived life satisfaction (F=35.743. p=.000) and the number of present diseases (F=4.246. p=.006). 4. There were significant differences in ADL according to sex (t=-2.136. p=.033) and age (F=4.863. p=.008). and in IADL according to sex (t=4.552, p=.000), age (F=3.090. p=.047) and kind of medical security (t=-3.306. p=.001). 5. Physical health state was correlated positively with both the number of present diseases (r=.140. p=.005) and depression (r=.352. p=.000), and negatively with ADL (r=-.176. p= .000) and IADL (r= -.230. p=.000). Depression was correlated positively with the number of present diseases (r=.169. p=.001) and negatively with both ADL (r=-.139. p=.005) and IADL (r=-.203. p= .000). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that general characteristics are important factors for physical health status, depression. ADL and IADL of the low-income elderly who live alone and there are close relations among physical health status, the number of diseases, depression, ADL and IADL. Therefore, these results must be reflected in community health programs for the low-income elderly who live alone. In addition, this kind of study must be extended to the low-income elderly who live alone in rural areas.