• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.492-501
• /
• 2001

The use of alginate impression materials today is prevalent because of its efficiency and simplicity in clinical settings. Unfortunately, the simplicity of the procedure tends to lull the dentist into a sense of well-being, and lead him into using careless or sloppy technique. Alginate impression materials are used to fabricate diagnostic and preliminary casts, and the final cast. Incorrect use of this material is known to affect the accuracy of the final prosthesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different mixing methods of alginate impression material and tray adhesive on the accuracy of the stone cast produced by each method. A total of 30 stone casts were produced by using 3 different types of mixing methods (10 stone cast for each mixing method, respectively). The first method utilized an automatic-mixing machine to mix alginate while the second method was carried out manually, strictly following manufacturer's instructions. The third method also involved manual mixing, but did not follow the manufacturer's instructions and was done in a random fashion. Also, 20 additional stone casts were produced by using alginate with or without tray adhesives were included in the study to evaluate effects of tray adhesives on the accuracy of alginate impression. 10 stone casts were produced by adding tray adhesives to the interior surface of the impression tray prior to taking the impression. The other 10 excluded this step. A total of 50 stone casts were analyzed by the three-dimensional measuring machine to measure and compare the dimensional changes of the impression material of each group. The results are as follows. 1. No significant difference was found between the automatic mixing group and the manually-mixing group(p>0.05). 2. For the group that followed manufacturer's instructions, less dimensional changes were record ed than the group that didn't in measuring distanced 4(p<0.05). 3. The group that used tray adhesives showed less dimensional changes(p<0.05). The findings revealed that mechanical methods of mixing alginate impression materials had little influence on dimensional changes. However, it is proven that following manufacturers instructions in alginate impression taking is an important step in acquiring accurate impressions and tray adhesives may play an important role in enhancing the results.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.398-405
• /
• 2015

Background: Ginseng has been used as a tonic for invigoration of the human body. In a previous report, we identified a novel candidate responsible for the tonic role of ginseng, designated gintonin. Gintonin induces $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient in animal cells via lysophosphatidic acid receptor activation. Gintonin-mediated $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient is linked to anti-Alzheimer's activity in transgenic Alzheimer's disease animal model. The previous method for gintonin preparation included multiple steps. The aim of this study is to develop a simple method of gintonin fraction with a high yield. Methods: We developed a brief method to obtain gintonin using ethanol and water. We extracted ginseng with fermentation ethanol and fractionated the extract with water to obtain water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions. The water-insoluble precipitate, rather than the water-soluble supernatant, induced a large $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient in primary astrocytes. We designated this fraction as gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF). Results: The yield of GEF was approximately 6-fold higher than that obtained in the previous gintonin preparation method. The apparent molecular weight of GEF, determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was equivalent to that obtained in the previous gintonin preparation method. GEF induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient in cortical astrocytes. The effective dose (ED50) was $0.3{\pm}0.09{\mu}g/mL$. GEF used the same signal transduction pathway as gintonin during $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ transient induction in mouse cortical astrocytes. Conclusion: Because GEF can be prepared through water precipitation of ginseng ethanol extract and is easily reproducible with high yield, it could be commercially utilized for the development of gintoninderived functional health food and natural medicine.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.209-218
• /
• 2011

Ginseng has been used as a general tonic agent to invigorate the human body as an adaptogenic agent. In a previous report, we have shown that ginseng contains a novel glycolipoprotein called gintonin. The main function of gintonin is to transiently enhance intracellular free $Ca^{2+}$ $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ levels in animal cells. The previous method for gintonin isolation included multiple steps using organic solvents. In the present report, we developed a simple method for the preparation of crude gintonin from ginseng root as well as stem and leaf, which produced a higher yield of gintonin than the previous one. The yield of gintonin was 0.20%, 0.29%, and 0.81% from ginseng root, stem, and leaf, respectively. The apparent molecular weight of gintonin isolated from stem and leaf through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was almost same as that from root but the compositions of amino acids, carbohydrates or lipids differed slightly between them. We also examined the effects of crude gintonin from ginseng root, stem, and leaf on endogenous $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^-$ channel (CaCC) activity of Xenopus oocytes through mobilization of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. We found that the order of potency for the activation of CaCC was ginseng root > stem > leaf. The $ED_{50}$ was $1.4{\pm}1.4$, $4.5{\pm}5.9$, and $3.9{\pm}1.1$ mg/mL for root, stem and leaf, respectively. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that in addition to ginseng root, ginseng stem and leaf also contain gintonin. Gintonin can be prepared from a simple method with higher yield of gintonin from ginseng root, stem, and leaf. Finally, these results demonstrate the possibility that ginseng stem and leaf could also be utilized for ginstonin preparation after a simple procedure, rather than being discarded.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.220-235
• /
• 1987

본연구(本硏究)는 벼품종(品種) 및 주요(主要) 논 잡초종(雜草種)에 대(對)한 Oxyfluorfen의 선택활성차이(選擇活性差異)를 구명(究明)하여 수도(水稻) 포장(圃場)에서의 이용가능성(利用可能性)을 살펴 보고자 수행(遂行)되었으며 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하연 다음과 같다. 1. Oxyf1uorfen의 발생전처리(發生前處理)에서 너도방동사니를 포함(包含)한 공시잡초종(供試雜草種)과 벼와의 선택활성차이(選擇活性差異)는 $ED_{50}$으로 보아 0.1~0.4 kg a. i./ha 수준(水準)에서 성립(成立)되었다. 2. $10^{-5}$ M Oxyfluorfen의 발생후처리(發生後處理)에서 생육(生育)의 억제(抑制)는 전체처리(全體處理)>뿌리처리(處理)>경부대상처리(莖部帶狀處理) 순(順)으로 심(甚)하였으며, 특(特)히 너도방동사니와 벼에서는 생육억제(生育抑制)가 경미(輕微)하였다. 3. 광합성(光合成)의 저해(沮害)는 공시초종(供試草種) 모두, $10^{-4}$ M Oxyfluorfen 농도(濃度)에 서부터 심(甚)하게 나타났으며 호흡저해(呼吸沮害)의 차이(差異)는 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 4. 유리단세포(遊離單細胞)에서 Oxyfluorfen 처리시(處理時) 벼 2 품종(品種)과 너도방동사니가 $10^{-5}$ M 농도수준(濃度水準)에서 내성(耐性)을 보인 반면 피와 올미는 상대적(相對的)으로 감수성(感受性)을 보였다. 5. 벼의 현탁배양(懸濁培養)에서 세포(細胞)의 생장(生長)은 Oxyfluorfen의 농도증가(濃度增加)에 따라 억제(抑制)되었으며 Aichiasahi 보다 Mushakdanti 에서 크게 억ㅈ(抑制)되었다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.102-107
• /
• 2019

Purpose: Acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the most common types of poisoning and a major health problem worldwide. Treatment options are limited to normobaric oxygen therapy, administered using a non-rebreather face mask or hyperbaric oxygen. Compared to conventional oxygen therapy, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen (HFNC) creates a positive pressure effect through high-flow rates. The purpose of this human pilot study is to determine the effects of HFNC on the rate of CO clearance from the blood, in patients with mild to moderate CO poisoning. Methods: CO-poisoned patients were administered 100% oxygen from HFNC (flow of 60 L/min). The fraction of COHb (fCOHb) was measured at 30-min intervals until it decreased to under 10%, and the half-life time of fCOHb (fCOHb t_1/2) was subsequently determined. Results: At the time of ED arrival, a total of 10 patients had fCOHb levels ≥10%, with 4 patients ranging between 10% and 50%. The mean rate of fCOHb elimination patterns exhibits logarithmic growth curves that initially increase quickly with time (HFNC equation, Y=0.3388*X+11.67). The mean fCOHbt_1/2 in the HFNC group was determined to be 48.5±12.4 minutes. Conclusion: In patients with mild to moderate CO poisoning, oxygen delivered via high flow nasal cannula is a safe and comfortable method to treat acute CO toxicity, and is effective in reducing the COHb half-life. Our results indicate HFNC to be a promising alternative method of delivering oxygen for CO toxicity. Validating the effectiveness of this method will require larger studies with clinical outcomes.

• 대한임상독성학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2021

Purpose: Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely available drug responsible for a large part of drug-induced hepatotoxicity in developed countries. Although acetaminophen overdose cases in Korea are being continuously reported, there are no reports related to the level of this drug in the patient's blood or of laboratory analysis at emergency departments (ED). This study sought to analyze the acetaminophen overdose cases at a toxicological laboratory and to survey APAP analysis services offered at select EDs. Methods: We analyzed the demographic and analytic data at a toxicological laboratory run by the National Emergency Medical Center (NMC) in 2019-2020. We surveyed the APAP laboratory service in the 38 regional emergency medical centers (EMCs) and 68 local EMCs near the toxicological laboratory. Results: We studied 175 acute poisoning cases (112 women) with positive blood APAP results (mean age 47.0±24.1 years). Suicide attempts comprised 40.0% of the cases and 30.3% APAP overdose events. In the univariate analysis, we observed that patients were significantly younger, with fewer underlying medical diseases. There were a higher number of APAP overdose events, more favorable initial mental status, more toxic quantity intake in the above treatment line group (p<0.05), In multivariate analysis, the toxic amount intake was significantly more frequent in the above treatment line group (p<0.01). Hospital APAP analysis services were available in six EMCs (3/38 regional and 3/68 local). The hospital blood APAP level reporting intervals were shorter than outside-hospital laboratory services (p<0.01, regional 7.0±3.0 vs. 40.6±27.5, local 5.3±3.1 vs. 57.9±45.1 hours). The NMC toxicological laboratory reporting interval was shorter than the other outside-hospital laboratories (p<0.01, regional 5.7±0.6 vs. 50.2±22.7 local 7.5±3.0 vs. 70.5±41.5 hours). Conclusion: Over the treatment line group, toxic amount intake was significantly more frequent. Only six of 106 EMCs have their own APAP analysis service in their hospitals.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제61권1호
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2023

The discovery of new antimalarial drugs can be developed using asynchronized Plasmodium berghei malaria parasites in vivo in mice. Studies on a particular stage are also required to assess the effectiveness and mode of action of drugs. In this report, we used endoperoxide 6-(1,2,6,7-tetraoxaspiro [7.11] nonadec-4-yl) hexan-1-ol (N-251) as a model antimalarial compound on P. chabaudi parasites. We examined the antimalarial effect of N-251 against ring-stage- and trophozoite-stage-rich P. chabaudi parasites and asynchronized P. berghei parasites using the 4-day suppressive test. The ED₅₀ values were 27, 22, and 22 mg/kg, respectively, and the antimalarial activity of N-251 was verified in both rodent malaria parasites. To assess the stage-specific effect of N-251 in vivo, we evaluated the change of parasitemia and distribution of parasite stages using ring-stage- and trophozoite-stage-rich P. chabaudi parasites with one-day drug administration for one life cycle. We discovered that the parasitemias decreased after 13 and 9 hours post-treatment in the ring-stage- and trophozoite-stage-rich groups, respectively. Additionally, in the ring-stage-rich N-251 treated group, the ring-stage parasites hindered trophozoite parasite development. For the trophozoite-stage-rich N-251 treated group, the distribution of the trophozoite stage was maintained without a change in parasitemia until 9 hours. Because of these findings, it can be concluded that N-251 suppressed the trophozoite stage but not the ring stage. We report for the first time that N-251 specifically suppresses the trophozoite stage using P. chabaudi in mice. The results show that P. chabaudi is a reliable model for the characterization of stage-specific antimalarial effects.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.41-54
• /
• 2007

2004년 10월부터 2005년 4월 중순까지 6개월 동안 영남대학교병원 응급의료센터에서 흉통으로 내원하여 허혈성 심장질환으로 진단받은 환자 170명을 대상으로 면담 조사를 통하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 170명의 대상자중 남자가 118명, 여자가 52명이었고, 평균연령은 $63{\pm}12$세였다. 전체 대상자의 48.2%가 고혈압을 가지고 있었다. 타병원 경유여부는 2차병원 50.9%, 직접 내원 30.6%, 의원 12.4%, 본원외래 순이었으며 전원되어 온 환자가 직접 내원한 환자보다 2배 이상 많았다. 특히 거리가 25 km이상 먼 지역에서 방문한 경우는 전원군에서는 55.5%, 직접 내원군은 28.3%으로 전원군에서 먼 거리 지역의 환자가 많았다(p<0.05). 교통이용에 소요된 시간은 전원군이 $53.3{\pm}19.6$분, 직접내원군이 $33.0{\pm}25.3$분으로 전원군에서 더 많은 시간이 소요되었다(p<0.05). 이용교통수단은 119나 129가 31.8%, 자가용은 31.2%, 앰블런스 22.9%, 택시 10.0%, 대중교통 4.1% 순이었다. 흉통 발생시각으로부터 응급의료센터에 도착까지 총 소요된 시간은 최소 30분에서 최대 86,400분(30일)이며, 환자의 44.1%가 증상발현 이후 6시간 이내에 도착했으며, 24시간 이내에 도착한 경우는 67.1%였다. 특히 심근경색증 환자군중 6시간 이상 지체된 경우는 58명으로 54.8%를 차지하였다. 응급의료센터에 내원 전에 응급처치 여부에 있어서 환자 대부분이 의식이 명료하였기 때문에 심폐소생술은 거의 시행되지 않았다. 대체 의료 행위로는 아무것도 안함이 74.7%로 가장 많았고, 그 다음은 사혈, 소화제, 청심원, 부황과 뜸 순이었다. 니트로글리세린이용은 환자의 52.4%가 이용하였고, 타병원에서 혈전용해제를 쓰고 온 경우는 전체 대상자의 1.2%였다. 환자의 최초 흉통 발생 시간대는 오전 6~12시가 34.1%로 가장 많이 발생하였고, 흉통 발생 당시 상황은 휴식중(37.1%), 수면중(22.9%) 순으로 나타났다. 증상발현 장소로는 집이 79.4%로 가장 많았고, 흉통양상은 둔한 양상, 쥐어짜는 듯한 양상 순 등으로 나타났다. 흉통발생시각에서 응급의료센터 도착까지 각 지연 요소별 소요된 시간의 중앙값은 환자 지연시간은 521분, 교통이용 소요시간은 40분, 타병원에 들렀다 온 경우 타병원에서 소요된 시간은 40분으로 총소요시간의 중앙값은 600분이었다. 향후 추적결과에서 자진퇴원은 7.6%, 사망은 6.5%, 입원은 85.9%로 대부분 입원하였다. 심근경색증 환자의 경우 총 106명중 12.2%에서 혈전용해제가 투여되었고, 45.3%에서는 PTCA와 stent 삽입술이 시행되었다. 결론적으로 흉통을 호소한지 6시간 이상 지체된 체 병원에 방문한 경우가 많았고 직접 본원으로 내원한 환자보다 전원 되어 온 환자가 많으므로 의원이나 특히 병원급 이상의 의료기관에서는 적극적으로 혈전용해제 투여가 이루어질 수 있도록 의료 인력에 대해 지속적인 교육 및 시설과 장비를 갖출 수 있는 방안이 모색되어야 하고 심근경색증의 전구증상 및 증상에 관한 일반인들의 교육이 시급하며 특히 흡연자나 고혈압, 당뇨 및 협심증, 고지혈증, 뇌졸중 등 심근경색증의 위험인자와 병력을 가진 환자들에 대한 체계적이고 지속적인 교육이 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.123-128
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 돼지 난포란의 vitrification 동결 시 내동제의 종류 및 농도가 생존율에 미치는 영향과 수정 후 체외발생율을 조사하고자 수행하였다. 1.0, 15, 30 및 40시간 성숙 배양시킨 난포란을 vitirfication 동결보존 후의 MII로의 발생율은 각각 $56.7\%,\;53.3\%,\; 63.3\%,\;65.0\%$였으며, diploid로의 발생율은 $23.3\%,\;18.3\%,\;10.0\%,\;3.3\%$로서 대조군의 ME 단계의 $78.2\%$에 비해 낮게 나타났으며 diploid 단계의 $5.5\%$에 비해서는 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다. 체외발생율은 초기의 미숙 난포란일수록 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다. 2. 미성숙 난포란을 회수 후 0, 15, 30 및 40시간 성숙 배양시킨 난포란을 vitirfication 동결 후 융해하였을 때 생존율은 각각 $34.0\%,\;26.0\%,\;18.0\%,\; 12.0\%,\;10.0\%$로서 비동결 난포란의 $60.0\%$에 비해 낮게 나타났지만 비교적 양호한 생존율을 나타냈다. 3. 0, 15, 30 및 40시간 성숙 배양시킨 미성숙 난포란을 vitrification 동결 융해 후 수정시켰을 때 체외수정율은 $60.0\%,\;54.0\%,\; 48.0\%,\;38.0\%$였으며, 배반포로의 체외발생율은 각각 $26.0\%,\;18.0\%,\; 8.0\%,\;4.0\%$로서 비동결 대조군의 $78.0\%$와 $38.0\%$에 비해 낮은 체외수정율과 체외발생율을 나타냈다. 4. 돼지 난포란을 EDS와 ETS 액으로 vitrifiestion 동결운해 후 $0\~15$ 시간 배양한 다음 체외수정시켰을 때 체외 수정율과 발생율은 각각 $50.0\%,\;22.0\%$ 및 $46.0\%,\;18.0\%$로서 대조군의 $74.0\%$와 $38.0\%$에 비해 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.243-254
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 파프리카 가루를 이용하여 단기속성 고추장을 제조 하였다. 고추장 제조 후 수분 함량, pH, 염도, 색도, Texture, 환원당, 아미노태 질소, 관능검사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 파프리카 가루를 이용한 고추장의 수분함량은 대조군이 26.31%, SP1 31.58%, SP2 31.40%, SP3 30.84%, SP4 24.08%를 나타냈다. pH 측정결과, 파프리카 가루 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 pH가 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다(p<0.001). 염도는 4.87~5.22%의 범위를 나타내어 기존의 연구와 비교해 매우 낮은 식염 농도를 보였다. 색도 측정결과, L값은 SP3에서 28.01로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며, a값, b값은 대조군이 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다(p<0.001). 텍스쳐 측정결과, 견고성은 시료간의 유의적(p<0.001)인 차이를 보이며 대조군에서 205.50으로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈고, SP3에서 106.53으로 가장 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 부착성에서는 견고성과 반대로 대조군에서 -704.17으로 가장 낮은 값을 나타냈으며, SP3에서 -348.93으로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 환원당은 SP1, SP2에서 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다(p<0.01). 아미노태 질소 측정결과, SP1에서 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며, SP4에서 가장 낮은 값을 나타냈다(p<0.001).기호도 검사결과, 외관과 향은 SP2에 서 가장 좋게 평가되었으나 유의적 차이는 나타내지 않았다. 질감 항목에서는 대조군과 SP1, SP2에서 가장 좋게 평가되었으며(p<0.05), 전체적 기호도 에서는 SP2가 가장 좋은 기호도를 나타냈으나 유의적인 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 이상의 결과, 파프리카 가루 200g, 콩 가루 150g, 조청 600g, 물 500g, 소금 75g을 넣어 제조한 SP2이 전반적으로 높은 관능 기호도를 나타내어 고추장 제조에 가장 적합하다고 사료된다.