• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2008

The electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement system consists of I/O interface to input the ECG signals from two electrodes, FPGA (Field programmable gate arrays) module to process the signal conditioning, and real time module to control the system. The algorithms based on wavelet transform were developed to remove the noise of the ECG signals and to determine the QRS-waves. Triangular wave tests were conducted to determine the optimal factors of the wavelet filter by analyzing the SNRs (signal to noise ratios) and RMSEs (root mean square errors). The hybrid rule, soft method, and symlets of order 5 were selected as thresholding rule, thresholding method, and mother wavelet, respectively. The developed wavelet filter showed good performance to remove the noise of the triangular waves with 10.98 dB of SNR and 0.140 mV of RMSE. The ECG signals from a total of 6 subjects were measured at different measuring postures such as lying, sitting, and standing. The durations of QRS-waves, the amplitudes of R-waves, the intervals of RR-waves were analyzed by using the finite impulse response (FIR) filter and the developed wavelet filter. The wavelet filter showed good performance to determine the features of QRS-waves, but the FIR filter had some problems to detect the peaks of Q and S waves. The measuring postures affected accuracy and precision of the ECG signals. The noises of the ECG signals were increased due to the movement of the subject during measurement. The results showed that the wavelet filter was a useful tool to remove the noise of the ECG signals and to determine the features of the QRS-waves.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.1102-1108
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• 2008

Wearable physiological signal monitoring systems are regarded as an important sensing unit platforms in ubiquitous/mobile healthcare application. In this paper, we suggested the modified bipolar electrodes implemented on the portable heart activity monitoring system, which minimized the distance of electrodes formed on a attachable pad. The proposed electrode configuration is useful in mobile measurement environments, but has a disadvantage of reduced amplitude of the heart action potential. In order to overcome the shortcoming of the suggested electrode configuration, we implemented the amplifying circuit to increase the signal-gain and decrease the artifacts. For evaluations, we analyzed the specificity of measured cardiography using the proposed electrodes through the comparing of heart activity monitoring system with standard clinical ECG(lead2) by pearson correlation coefficients. The result showed that the average correlation coefficient is $0.903{\pm}0.036,\;0.873{\pm}0.072$ at V3, V4 chest lead position, respectively. Thus, the modified bipolar electrode is quite suitable to monitor the electrical activity of the heart in the situation of the mobile environment, and could be considered having high similarity with standard clinical ECG.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2011

Recently, study of functional clothing for vital sensing is focused on improving conductivity and decreasing resistance, in order to enhance the electrocardiogram(ECG) sensing accuracy and obtained stable environmental durability on operation condition. In this study, four ECG fabrics that having different componnt yarns and weaving structures were produced to analyze their environmental durabilities and electric properties under general operation conditions including different physical and chemical stimulation. For outstanding electric properties and physical properties, the optimized ECG sensing fabric should consist of a fabric of 2 up 3 down twill structure containing 210de silver-coated conductive yarns and polyester yarn in warp and weft directions respectively. The selected fabric has $0.11{\Omega}$ which is relative lower resistance than otherwisely produced fabrics under ECG measurement condition. And it has 7% stable resistance changes under 25% strain and repeated strain.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.992-999
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• 2009

심전도와 맥파를 측정함으로써 구해질 수 있는 맥파전달시간은 심혈관계의 상태를 진단하기 위한 의미 있는 지표가 된다. 그러나 맥파를 측정하는 동안 움직이거나, 측정 시에 가해지는 압력이 부정확할 경우, 잘못된 측정 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 심전도, 압력맥파 및 광전용적맥파를 동시에 측정할 수 있는 일체형 센서 시스템과 심전도를 지속적으로 측정할 수 있는 금속 전극을 개발하였으며, 실험을 통해 일체형 센서시스템 및 금속 전극의 유용성을 입증하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.298-302
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• 1996

The representative beat with high SNR could be obtained by the signal averaging, correct and fast detection of significant points and waveform boundary could be obtained by adoption of search interval. All experimental results of waveform boundary were compared with CSE database which had the 5 referees results and 11 ECG measurement programs. All results were within tolerance made by referees, especially the end point of T wave were more close to the referee's results than other 11 measurement programs. The diagnosis parameters that might be used in the Minnsota code criteria were extracted from the representative beat. The diagnostic classification were fulfilled using Minnsota code criteria. Through the comparison on the diagnosis results from designed automated ECG analyzer(YECGA) and the results ECG analyzer manufactured by Fukuda denshi(FCG-2201) in Japan, reliance of the performance on designed system(YECGA) could be validated.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권9호
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• pp.1688-1693
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• 2007

The aim of this paper is to develop and verify the system which can detect heart rate during exercise by using conductive fabric electrode and transportable measurement module. The experiment was performed under 4 conditions(resting, walking, jogging, running) and 18 subjects data are used. By using the ECG measurement system used in cardiac stress testing as reference value in order to verify the accuracy of the developed system, the relative error and correlation coefficient was calculated for each subject at every 3 seconds. The results have shown that the high correlation between the developed system and the reference system for detecting heart rate during exercise. Relative error and correlation coefficient are 2.27% and 0.9877, respectively. 7 subjects data are omitted in these calculations because of severe noises. Therefore, it is expected that this system could be used as a health monitoring system in ubiquitous environment in the future.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2006

A new method of measuring pulse arrival time (PAT), which is usually used for the estimation of systolic blood pressure, in an unconstrained manner using a chair, is proposed. The capacitive-coupled ECG (CC-ECG) measurement system and the air cushion with balancing tubes system were used for unconstrained PAT measurement. Firstly, the correlation between the standard PAT (S-PAT) from the photoplethysmography (PPG) and the PAT measured in an unconstrained manner (U-PAT) was evaluated. It was observed that U-PAT, which is the time delay from the R-peak of ECG to the steepest decent point of air cushion pressure wave, is significantly correlated with the S-PAT. Secondly, systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured by the radial tonometer is compared to the U-PAT. The ten-beat averaged U-PAT removed respiration effects and demonstrated a high intra-subject correlation with SBP in all participants. Finally, the tonometry SBP was estimated from these U-PAT values for one participant intermittently during half a day.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2021

최근 생체 인증 기술이 발전함에 따라 생체 인증을 이용한 사용자 인증 기법들이 많아지고 있다. 기존에 존재하는 ID/PW 등 다양한 인증 기법에는 다양한 문제점이 제시되고 있다. 따라서 최근에는 2차 인증을 도입하여 보안성을 높이는 방식을 채택하여 사용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 근거리 무선 장치(Beacon)와 다양한 생체 인증방식 중 심장의 전기적 생체신호를 이용하여 위·변조가 매우 어려운 특징을 가진 ECG를 이용하여 사용자의 신원 인증과 이상징후를 탐지할 수 있는 사용자 인증 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 이 시스템은 손목에 장착 가능한 웨어러블 디바이스 형태의 ECG 측정 도구를 통해 기록한 ECG 데이터와 데이터베이스에 블록체인 형태로 저장된 신원 정보 및 생체데이터를 비교하여 일차적으로 신원을 확인하고 비콘(Beacon)을 활용하여 사용자의 위치를 파악함으로써 사용자의 이상징후를 탐지하고자 한다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2010

This research proposes measuring of BCG(ballistocardiogram) to monitor heart activities in a non-constrained environment, at home or work. Unlike with ECG, measuring BCG does not require the attachment of leads on the subject's body and allows signal measuring in a non-constrained state. It enables effective long-term monitoring of cardiac conditions. In this study a chair type BCG measurement system to continuous monitor the activity of the heart is implemented. The instrument consists of upper petal and ready for press of chair load cell sensor is attached to measure the change of the object's weight. In order to extract the output ballistic signal from the weight and force sensor signals. Beside the signal processing circuit for the digital conversion, the ballistic signal is detected using DAQ equipment. Signal processing algorithm including wavelet transforms for noise cancellation, template matching for normalization and peak detection in BCG is developed. ECG and BCG were concurrently measured to evaluate the performance of the system, and comparing the characteristics of the two signals verified the possibility of the system in non-constrained and nonconscious health monitoring.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.489-492
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• 2005

Even though the blood pressure is one of the most widely used index for the healthcare monitoring of hypertensive and normotensive persons, there is no non-intrusive measurement method which is commercialized until now. Pulse Arrival Time (PAT) is known that it has close relation with the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and arterial stiffness. In this study, SBP estimation methods by non-intrusive measurement of PAT are suggested. For the unconstrained measurement of PAT, the first method used the electrically non contact electrocardiogram (ENC-ECG) technique and the reflective type of Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor on the computer mouse. In the second method, ENC-ECG and the air pressure sensor in the seat cushion on a chair were measured. The third method used ECG electrodes and PPG sensors on the toilet seat cover. The validation and regression analysis of the relationship of PAT and SBP are summarized. These methods have considerable errors to be used for all people. But these can be applied for each subject after the parameter customization within acceptable error. So, it is feasible for suggested methods to be used for monitoring of SBP in daily life in non-intrusive way when there is personal identification system of each subject.