• 한국해양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1993

해수면의 계절적인 변동성을 조사하기 위하여 한국의 황해, 남해 및 동해안의 조위 관측점과 러시아, 일본의 동해에 연한 총 48개 관측점의 월평균해수면 자료를 분석 하였다. 해수면의 강한 계절적인 변화는 한국 서안의 군산(42.1 cm)과 대한 해협, 그리고 Primorye 지역의 남부 가까이(30-33 cm)에서 기록되었으며, 비교적 약한 변화는 사할린 남서해안에서 발견되었다. 남서 사할린을 제외한 전 연구지역에서 계절적인 해 수면 변동 양상이 거의 같다. 즉 여름과 가을에 상승하고 겨울과 봄에 감소하는 양상 이다. 이들 해수면자료의 스펙트럼 분석의 결과로 계절적인 진동이 해수면의 변위 중 에 가장 우세하며 연구해역의 함부에서는 전체 에너지의 80%에 달하고 북부에서도 50-70%에 달했다. 또, 대부분의 관측점에서 연주기 성분이 현저히 우세하며, 반년주기 성분도 명백히 나타났으나 그 이상의 고주파 성분은 단지 몇몇 관측점에서만 보일 정도이었다. 최소자승법을 사용하여 계산한 년수기 성분(A1)의 최대 진촉은 한국의 서안에서 20-21cm에 달하였다. 발년주기 성분은 사할린섬의 남단과 남서 해안에서 최대치 3-4cm인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이지역의 년주기 해수면 변동폭은 여타지역보다 훨씬 작아서 전 에너지 수지에 대한 계절적 변도의 상대적 크기는 단지 35-40%에 지나지 않으며, 년수기와 발년주기의 진폭비(계절변동 계수 R=A1+A2)는 0.9-1.2로서 같은 크기임을 알수 있다. 이와 같은 해수면 자료의 분석과 Tomizawa et al.(1984)의 연구결과를 근거로하여 본 연구해역을 10개의 해역으로 나눌수 있다. 즉 황해와 한국의 남해 서부해안을 Y1과 Y2해역으로 동해를E1에서 E8까지 8개의 해역으로 나눌수 있다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2005

1994년 1월부터 1999년 12월까지 6년간 영남대학교병원에 입원하여 G-B 증후군으로 진단 받은 45명의 환자를 대상으로 하여 그 임상적 양상과 신경생리학적 검사를 통한 특징을 분석 관찰하였다. 성별분포는 남자가 1.8:1로 많았고 연령은 10세 미만과 40대 연령군에서 높은 빈도를 나타내었으며 월별로는 다른 국내보고와는 달리 주로 12월과 2월 사이에 호발하였다. 선행질환은 30예 (66.7 %)에서 관찰되었고 그 중 상기도 질환이 19예로 가장 많았다. 발병당시의 임상양상은 심건반사 소실 또는 감소가 45예 (100 %), 사지 근력 약화가 38예(84.4 %)로서 두 가지 소견이 가장 많았다. 임상적 증상에 따른 정도의 차이에서는 경증이 많았으나 기관지 절개나 인공호흡이 필요하였던 경우도 10예 (22.2 %)를 보였고 입원 당시의 뇌척수액 단백세포해리 현상은 33예 (73.3 %)에서 관찰되었다. 그리고 시행된 치료로는 면역 글로불린 정맥주사가 29 예(64.4 %), 대증요법이 12예 (26.7 %)였다. 전기생리학적 진단기준 척도들 중 복합근활동전위의 진폭은 다른 기준척도에 비해 가장 초기에 현저한 변화를 보였으며, 병의 경과 중 발병 후 2~4주에 대부분의 전기생리적 기준척도가 최대 이상소견을 보였다. 그리고 임상증상과 신경생리학적 검사소견을 통한 분류에서 고전형 외에 Fisher 증후군과 축삭형을 보인경우는 각각 3예 (6.7 %)였다. 이 연구에서 G-B 증후군의 임상증상과 신경생리학적 특징은 다른 국내외 연구의 보고와 큰 차이는 없었으나 겨울철에 발생율이 높았던 점이 다른 차이였다. 그 이유에 대해서는 향후 광범위한 역학조사가 필요할 것으로 본다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.1343-1356
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• 2008

18개교 일반 중 고등학교와 1개교 특수학교에서 수거한 식재료 및 조리식품은 비전처리 채소가 38종, 전처리 채소가 13종, 육류 9종, 어패류(냉동 혹은 조미 포함) 3종, 건어물 7종, 반가공 혹은 가공 식재료 20종이었다. 수거한 식재료 중 전처리 야채(8종)에서 대장균군이 $3.4{\sim}4.3\;log\;CFU/g$ 수준으로 검출되었으며, 육류(4종)에서는 대장균군이 $2.2{\sim}4.3\;log\;CFU/g$ 수준으로 검출되었다. 조리식품인 생채와 샐러드에서 "학교급식 위생관리 지침"에서 제시한 대장균 검출 기준치(g당 1,000 CFU이하)를 넘어선 수준의 $2.3{\sim}55\;log\;CFU/g$ 수준의 대장균군이 검출되었고, 가열처리를 거친 조리식품에서도 $1.0{\sim}3.5\;log\;CFU/g$수준으로 대장균군이 검출되었다. 수거한 식재료와 조리식품 중 16종의 식품에서 대장균이 검출되어 식품의약품안전청(8)에서 고시한 "신선편이식품 및 즉석식품의 미생물적 품질기준(대장균, 음성)"에 부적합하였다. 병원성 식중독 세균 중에서 B. cereus는 16종의 비전처리 채소, 2종의 전처리 채소, 3종의 가공식재료, 3종의 비가열조리 식품, 8종의 가열조리식품에서 검출되었으며, 정량검사를 실시한 결과, 당근 $3.6\;log\;CFU/g$, 무우 $2.9\;log\;CFU/g$, 부추 $2.5\;log\;CFU/g$, 건새우 쥐어채볶음 2.3 log CFU/g 수준으로 검출되었다. 용혈성 대장균인 E. coli O157:H7은 가공식품인 탕수육용 냉동돼지고기(k교)에서 검출되었고, API kit를 이용하여 생화학적 방법으로 확인 동정되었다. C. jejuni 는 i교에 공급된 비전처리 채소인 무와 r교의 전처리 채소인 채썬 양배추, f교의 오이채, 당근채에서 검출되었다. V. parahaemolyticus는 g교의 비전처리 채소류인 당근, 피망, 양배추, 깻잎과 전처리 채소인 깐 적양배추, 오이채, 깐 양상추에서 검출되었으며 조리된 식품인 비빔채 소국수에서 검출되었고, e교와 f교에 공급된 전처리 채소인 오이채와 e교에 공급된 가공식품인 냉동 미트볼에서 검출되었다. 이는 식품의약품안전청에서 제시한 '즉석섭취식품', '즉석조리식품', '신선편이식품'에서의 V. parahaemolyticus는 '음성' 검출기준에 적합치 않은 것으로 나타났다. Salmonella spp.는 r교에 공급된 냉동 닭고기에서 1건이 검출되었고 API kit 및 Salmonella 항혈청에 대한 응집반응을 통해 확인 동정하였다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.90-101
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• 2020

목적: 급성 위장염의 대부분의 경우 원인 병원체가 확인되지 않는다. 최근 들어 발달한 multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 검사는 장염 병원체 검출에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 이 연구는 multiplex RT-PCR을 이용해, 소아 장염환자에서 병원체의 역학을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: 2015년 5월부터 2018년 6월까지 대한민국 서울의 2차병원에서 급성 위장염으로 진단받은 소아 환자의 대변에서 병원체를 확인하기 위해 multiplex RT-PCR 검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 바이러스 병원체에 대한 1,366개의 대변 검체 중, 483개(35.3%)에서 1개 이상의 병원체가 분리되었다. A군 로타바이러스는 106건(7.8%)에서 확인되었으며, 양성률은 3.0% (8/263)에서 16.7% (48/288)까지 매년 증가했다(P<0.001). 노로바이러스 GII는 가장 흔한 바이러스성 병원체였고(263/1366, 19.3%), 3년간 양성률은 증가하지 않았다. 세균성 병원체에 대한 304개의 대변 검체 중 캄필로박터(32/304, 10.5%)는 가장 흔한 세균성 병원체였으며, 그 다음으로 Clostridium difficile (toxin B) (22/304, 7.2%), 살모넬라균(17/304, 5.6%)이었다. 이 균들의 양성률은 연구기간 동안 증가하지 않았다. 결론: 로타바이러스 백신 도입 이후 노로바이러스 GII가 소아 장염에서 주요한 병원체였지만, 연구기간 동안 로타바이러스 감염 환자가 증가했고, 특히 2018년에는 급증했다. 따라서 새로운 로타바이러스 균주의 등장 가능성을 포함한 추가 연구가 필요하다. 캄필로박터는 소아 세균성 장염의 주요 원인이며, 적절한 치료를 위해 이 균의 임상적 특성을 고려하고 지속적 감시가 필요하겠다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2005

This study was carried out to understand the physiological properties and the effects of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen manufactured by three different production process on blood glucose of the mice induced with streptozotocin. Original, filtered and refined Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen manufactured by three different production process were used. The physiochemical properties of original, filtered and refined Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen manufactured by three different production process were compared. Furthermore, the effects of original, filtered and refined Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen were observed in terms of blood glucose, BUN, ALT in the mice induced with streptozotocin. The results were as follows : The range of the pH manufactured by three different production processes was $2.28{\sim}3.17$ Concentration of methanol and phenolic compounds which are related to toxicity were lowest in filtered Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen(L-BCL [E] B) manufactured by using electric furnace at $215{\circ}C$ during 8.10/hour. The blood glucose contents was decreased in the experimental groups compared with the control. The amount of BUN and ALT did not show any differences between control and experimental group.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.32-44
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• 1987

The purpose of this survey was to find out the knowledge and the disease management of the Tuberculosis patients by themselves among the first grade middle and high school students in Seoul city during the period of June 15-July 19, 1986. Questionaires were used to collect the data and were analysed from answers of 188 students at the 113 schools. The results were as follows: 1. The ages of the students were distributed as follows: in middle school, 13 years old was $70.0\%$. 14 years old, $20.0\%$, and 15 years old, $6.7\%$. In high school, 16 years old was $66.5\%$, 17 years old, $18.4\%$, and 15 years old, $10.1\%$. 2. In X-ray mass examination by school, the rate of execution was $50.4\%$ in middle school and $96.7\%$ in high school, and in X-ray mass examination by student, it was $50.1\%$ in middle school and $97.3\%$ in high school. 3. The prevalence of Tuberculosis among the middle school students was $00.3\%$and high school students, $0.15\%$. 4. Of the total, $77.1\%$ of the respondents did not realized Tuberculosis bdore X-ray mass examination 5. The perfect cure rate of the respondents was $52.7\%$. 6. General characteristics of the respondents: a. The educational background was varied as follows: of the total $47.9\%$ of the fathers had the level of high school education and $37.2\%$ of the mothers had the level of middle school education. The educational background of the parents had no statistical significant to the medical cure rate of Tuberculosis. (P>0.05). b. The average monthly income of the family was as follows : above five hundred thousand won was $21.8\%$, three or four hundred thousand won was $22.9\%$, and below two hundred thousand won was $10.6\%$. The most frequent family size was 5-6 persons. $(59.6)\%$. 7. The actual situation of Tuberculosis control and the variables related to the treatment: a. $69.1\%$ of the respondents wanted mental support from their surroundings. $48.7\%$ of the respondents answered that their parents or the other family helped treatment as mental supporter, b. As a medical service, $53.2\%$ of the respondents were treated at Health Center, $38.8\%$ were treated at a hospital. A medical service was statistically significant to the medical cure (P<0.01). c. Family members of $61.7\%$ of the respondents had checked chest X-ray. A X-ray examination of family was statistically significant to the medical cure (P<0.005). d. $73.9\%$ of the respondents had taken the Anti-Tuberculosis-drugs regularly. Regular taking of Anti-Tuberculosis drugs was statistically significant to the medical cure (P<0.005). e. $89.4\%$ of the respondents had received a regular examination during the treatment. A regular examination was statistically significant to the medical cure (P<0.05). f. The period of perfect cure was that $50.0\%$ of the respondents took from half a year to one year, $25.2\%$ took below half a year and $16.2\%$ took from one year to one year and a half. g. The rate of the respondents who abhored to let anyone know their disease was $93.1\%$. 8. Knowledge related with Tuberculosis: a .$63.3\%$ of the respondents answered that Tuberculosis is a communiable disease. b. $89.9\%$ of the respondents answered that there is a preventive method of Tuberculosis. Among them, $28.4\%$ answered that it is B.C.G. vacination. c. $96.8\%$ of the respondents belived they can be cured perfectly. d. $42.4\%$ of the perfect curer answered that they had have permanent immunity of Tuberculosis. According to the results of above study, it is desired to be practiced X-ray mass examination to the total middle school students. Nurse teachers and the responsible persons who participated to the helping of disease management to the Tuberculosis patients must make an offer knowledge of Tuberculosis to the Tuberculosis patients. And also, it will be very helpful to the cure of Tuberculosis patients if they do their best and to have a mental supporter.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.1452-1456
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• 2008

연어 가공 부산물의 효율적 이용을 위하여 연어 frame 유래 근육의 식품성분 특성에 대하여 살펴보았고, 아울러 연어 fillet와 비교하여 살펴보았다. 연어 frame 근육의 일반 성분은 수분의 경우 73.2%이었고, 건물 100 g 당 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분 함량은 각각 76.9%, 15.7% 및 4.1%이었다. 연어 frame 근육의 pH 및 휘발성염기질소 함량은 각각 6.63 및 16 mg/100 g으로 신선하여 수산가공원료로 사용 가능하였다. 연어 frame 근육의 헌터 색조는 명도, 적색도 및 황색도가 각각 55.34, 16.60 및 19.99이었고, 색차가 48.83이었으며, 이는 fillet 근육에 비하여 명도의 경우 높았으나, 적색도, 황색도 및 색차의 경우 낮았다. TCA 가용성 질소 함량은 연어 frame 근육이 542 mg/100 g으로 연어 fillet 근육의 612 mg/100 g에 비하여 낮았다. 연어 frame 근육의 지방산 조성, 총 아미노산 함량 및 칼슘, 인 함량과 같은 영양성분은 물론이고, 색조 및 냄새와 같은 관능평가의 결과도 연어 fillet 근육과 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 연어 가공 부산물인 frame 유래 근육은 연어 가공소재로 재이용 가능하리라 판단되었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.145-161
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture at Joksanmi($ST_{36}$) on Rat's aging by experimental methods. Methods : The author performed several experimental procedures to observe the effects of the EC-HAS at the arthritis. First, I measured the cell survival rate of the mice lung fibroblasts. Second, the incidence rate of arthritis and arthritis index of CIA were analyzed. Third, the levels of IL-6, $INF-{\gamma}$ , $INF-{\alpha}$ , $IL-1{\beta}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II were measured in serum and the level of $INF-{\gamma}$, $INF-{\gamma}$/IL-4 ratio in the CIA mouse spleen cell culture. Fourth, histological analysis of the mice joint was performed. Fifth, the expression ratio of $CD3e^+$ cells to $CD19^+$ cells, $CD4^+$ cells to $CD8^+$ cells, $CD11a^+CD19^+$ cells, $CD4^+CD25^+$ cells, $CD3^+CD69^+$ cells, and $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$ cells were checked. Results: 1. The hematocrit was meaningfully (p<0.01, p<0.05) decreased in $ST_{36}$ group in comparison with the control and sham group. 2. The glucose, ALP were meaningfully (p<0.05, p<0.05) decreased in $ST_{36}$ group in comparison with the control group. 3. In the activation of hepatic antioxidase, the catalase was meaningfully (p<0.01) increased in $ST_{36}$ group in comparison with the control group. 4. In the liver, the NO formation was meaningfully (p<0.001) decreased in $ST_{36}$ group in comparison with the nomal, control and sham group. 5. In the activation of splenetic antioxidase, the GSH was meaningfully (p<0.01) increased in $ST_{36}$ group in comparison with the sham group, and the catalase was meaningfully (p<0.001) increased in $ST_{36}$ group in comparison with the control group. 6. In the spleen, the MDA formation was meaningfully (p<0.01, p<0.05) decreased in $ST_{36}$ group in comparison with the control and sham group. 7. In the spleen cell culture, the levels of IL-6 was meaningfully (p<0.05) decreased in comparison with the sham group, $INF-{\gamma}$( was meaningfully (p<0.05) increased in comparison with the control group. Conclusions: According to the results, it is considered that electroacupuncture at Joksamni($ST_{36}$) is effective in increasing the activities of antioxidative enzyme and inhibiting lipid peroxides, and has an immunomodulatory reaction. In conclusion, it han an significant anti-aging effect and need more experimental study.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.152-161
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• 2007

This study was conducted to patients visited oral maxillo-facial surgery, KNUH and the purpose of the study was to assess skeletal and dento-alveolar stability after surgical-orthodontic correction treated by skeletal Class III malocclusion patients with open bite versus non-open bite. This retrospective study was based on the examination of 40 patient, 19 males and 21 females, with a mean age 22.3 years. The patients were divided into two groups based on open bite and non-open bite skeletal Class III malocclusion patients. The cephalometric records of 40 skeletal Class III malocclusion patients (open bite: n = 18, non-open bite: n = 22) were examined at different time point, i.e. before surgery(T1), immediately after surgery(T2), one year after surgery(T3). Bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy was performed in 40 patients. Rigid internal fixation was standard method used in all patient. Through analysis and evaluation of the cephalometric records, we were able to achieve following results of post-surgical stability and relapse. 1. There was no significant statistical differences between open bite and non-open bite with skeletal Class III malocclusion patients in maxillary occlusal plane angle of pre-operative stage(p>0.05). 2. Mean vertical relapses of skeletal Class III malocclusion patients with open bite were $0.02{\pm}1.43mm$ at B point and $0.42{\pm}1.56mm$ at Pogonion point. In skeletal Class III malocclusion patients with non-open bite, $0.12{\pm}1.55mm$ at B point and $0.08{\pm}1.57mm$ at Pogonion point. There was no significant statistical differences between open bite and non-open bite with skeletal Class III malocclusion patients in vertical relapse(p>0.05). 3. Mean horizontal relapses of skeletal Class III malocclusion patients with open bite were $1.22{\pm}2.21mm$ at B point and $0.74{\pm}2.25mm$ at Pogonion point. In skeletal Class III malocclusion patients with non-open bite, $0.92{\pm}1.81mm$ at B point and $0.83{\pm}2.11mm$ at Pogonion point. There was no significant statistical differences between open bite and non-open bite with skeletal Class III malocclusion patients in horizontal relapse(p>0.05). 4. There were no significant statistical differences between open bite and non-open bite with skeletal Class III malocclusion patients in post-surgical mandibular stability(p>0.05). and we believe this is due to minimized mandibular condylar positional change using mandibular condylar positioning system and also rigid fixation using miniplate 5. Although there was no significant relapse tendency observed at chin points, according to the Pearson correlation analysis, the mandibular relapse was influenced by the amount of vertical and horizontal movement of mandibular set-back(p=0.05, r>0.304).

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2001

The aims of these study were to diagnose early pregnancy and reproductive disorders by using progesterone concentration and ultrasonography. The measurement of blood progesterone (P$_4$) concentration was conducted to diagnose pregnancy and to detect corpus luteum (CL) or evaluate disorder of CLs. As a result, the incidence rates of reproductive disorders were as follows : SH and EED (41.9%), inacitve ovaries (32.6%), follicullar cyst (9.3%), PCL (7.0%), endometritis (4.7%), pyometra (2.3%) and luteal cyst (2.3%). 61 Cows having P$_4$concentration 1.0 ng/ml(at the insemination) were increased to 1.0 ng/ml $\geq$ 6day after insemination. 50 cows among 61 cows were diagnosed pregnant. 8 cows among 13 HanWoos having P$_4$concentration 1.0 ng/ml at the insemination and 1.0 ng/mnl 6 day after insemination had non-ovulatory estrus and the others had P$_4$concentration 1.0 ng/ml at the insemination and 1.0 ng/ml $\geq$ 6 day after insemination, which was the error of estrus detection. All 13 cows were diagnosed non-pregnant. 47 cows diagnosed pregnant after insemination of P$_4$concentration 3.0 ng/ml were examined by ultrasonography at 30 day post-insemination. As a result, 41 cows were diagnosed pregnant (87.2%) but 14 cows having P$_4$concentration 3.0 ng/ml at 21 day after insemination was diagnosed to non-pregnancy. Calving intervals by surveying 100 cows were as follows 11~12 months (20%), 12~13 months (36%), 13~14 months (19%), 14 months $\geq$ (25%), respectively. In conclusion, hormone and ultrasonography help to detect reproductive disorders exactly and diagnose early pregnancy. This study suggest that diagnosis of early pregnancy and reproductive disorder by blood P$_4$concentration and ultrasonography improve reproduction management of HanWoo.