• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.40 no.10
• /
• pp.1397-1403
• /
• 2011

Epimedium koreanum Nakai is a wild medicinal plant commonly consumed in South Korea due to its health beneficial effects. In the present study, the antioxidative, antimutagenic and immunological activities of E. koreanum Nakai extracts were investigated for their use in food. The yields of icariin compounds from the ethanol extract as well as the ethyl acetate, butanol, hexane, water, and chloroform fractions of E. koreanum were 27.9, 2.5, 1.7, 1.4, and 1.3 ${\mu}g/g$, respectively. The icariin components (295.5 ${\mu}g/g$) were collected from the ethyl acetate fraction by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and analyzed via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant activities of each fraction were as follows: ethyl acetate (49.0 ${\mu}g/mL$), butanol (59.2 ${\mu}g/mL$), hexane (119.8 ${\mu}g/mL$), water (122.0 ${\mu}g/mL$), and chloroform (138.5 ${\mu}g/mL$), based on $RC_{50}$ ${\mu}g/mL$. Icariin, isolated and identified as the main component, showed strong antioxidant activity with a $RC_{50}$ value of 15.3 ${\mu}g/mL$, which was higher than those of ascorbic acid (19.5 ${\mu}g/mL$) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (18.2 ${\mu}g/mL$). In an Ames test, none of the fractions produced mutagenic effects on Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100. In an immunomodulating activity test, the effects of E. koreanum Nakai on B cells (Rhamos) and T cells (Jurkat) were investigated. These results show that the growth and viability of B and T cells were increased by isolated icariin components for 1.27 and 1.28 fold, respectively. These results also provide preliminary data for the development of E. koreanum Nakai as an edible food material.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.812-821
• /
• 2007

The ecosystems of certain abandoned mines contain arsenic-resistant bacteria capable of performing detoxification when an ars gene is present in the bacterial genome. The ars gene has already been isolated from Pseudomonas putida and identified as a member of the membrane transport regulatory deoxyribonucleic acid family. The arsenite-oxidizing bacterial strains isolated in the present study were found to grow in the presence of 66.7 mM sodium arsenate($V;\;Na_2HAsO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$), yet experienced inhibited growth when the sodium arsenite($III;\;NaAsO_2$) concentration was higher than 26 mM. Batch experiment results showed that Pseudomonas putida strain OS-5 completely oxidized 1 mM of As(III) to As(V) within 35 h. An arsB gene encoding a membrane transport regulatory protein was observed in arsenite-oxidizing Pseudomonas putida strain OS-5, whereas arsB, arsH, and arrA were detected in strain OS-19, arsD and arsB were isolated from strain RW-18, and arsR, arsD, and arsB were found in E. coli strain OS-80. The leader gene of arsR, -arsD, was observed in a weak acid position. Thus, for bacteria exposed to weak acidity, the ars system may cause changes to the ecosystems of As-contaminated mines. Accordingly, the present results suggest that arsR, arsD, arsAB, arsA, arsB, arsC, arsH, arrA, arrB, aoxA, aoxB, aoxC, aoxD, aroA, and aroB may be useful for arsenite-oxidizing bacteria in abandoned arsenic-contaminated mines.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
• /
• v.63 no.2
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2014

Function of battery bank stores energy for DC load in general, and DC power system of the nuclear power plant is used to supply DC loads for safety- featured instrumentation and control such as inverter, class 1E power system control and indication, and station annunciation. Class 1E DC power system must provide a power for the design basis accident conditions, and adequate capacity must be available during loss of AC power and subsequent safe shutdown of the plant. In present, batteries of Class 1E DC power system of the nuclear power plant uses lead-acid batteries. Class 1E batteries of nuclear power plants in Korea are summarized in terms of specification, such as capacity, discharge rate, bank configuration and discharge end voltage, etc. This paper summarizes standards of determining battery size for the nuclear power plant, and analyzes duty cycle for the class 1E DC power system of nuclear power plant. Then, battery cell size is calculated as 2613Ah according to the standard. In addition, this paper analyzes performance test results during past 13 years and shows performance degradation in the battery bank. Performance tests in 2001 and 2005 represent that entire battery cells do not reach the discharge-end voltage. Howeyer, the discharge-end voltage is reached in 14.7% of channel A (17 EA), 13.8% of channel B (16 EA), 5.2% of channel C (6 EA) and 16.4% of channel D (19 EA) at 2011 performance test. Based on the performance test results analysis and size calculation, battery capacity and degradation by age in Korearn nuclear power plant is discussed and would be used for new design.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.185-200
• /
• 2005

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the asthma-suppressive and immune-regulatory effect of AHCR-HA(ASARI HERBA CUM RADICE Herbal-acupuncture) at Pyesu(BLl3) on OVA(ovalbumin)-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice out of all the experimental groups, except the Normal group and the AHCR-HA group, were sensitized and challenged with OVA The mice in the AHCR-HA group and the OVA-AHCR-HA group were treated with AHCR-HA(1%) at Pyesu(BL13). The mice in the OVA-Saline group were injected with saline at Pyesu(BL13). The mice in the OVA-Needle-Prick group were treated with a single prick with an injection needle at Pyesu(BL13). AHCR-HA saline injection and needle prick were administered for 8 weeks, three times a week. Result : 1. The populations of granulocytes, CD3e-/CCR3+ cells, CD69+/CD3e+ cells, CD4+ cells and CD23+/B220+ cells in the OVA-induced asthmatic mouse lungs decreased significantly by AHCR-HA. 2. The lung weight, total cells in lung, total leukocytes in BALF, eosinophils in BALF, collagen accumulation in the lung sections of the OVA-AHCR-HA group decreased significantly. 3.The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IgE in BALF and serum of the OVA-AHCR-HA group decreased significantly. 4. The numbers of Gr-1+/CD11b+, CCR3+, CD3e+, CD19+, CD3e+/CD69+cells in the OVA-AHCR-HA group decreased significantly. 5. The mRAN expressions of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-5, IL-4 and IL-13 in lung of the OVA-AHCR-HA group decreased significantly. 6. The AHCR-HA group didn't show any considerable difference from the Normal group. The OVA-saline group and the OVA-Needle prick group showed suppressive effects on OVA-induced asthma however they were not statistically significant. Conclusion : These results suggest that AHCR-HA at Pyesu(BL13) is considered to be effective in treating asthma and to be put to practical use in the future asthma clinic.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.137-154
• /
• 2006

Results: 1. In the AlPR-HA group, the incidence of arthritis and arthritis index were significantly decreased. 2. In the AlPR-HA group, the levels of $IL-6,\;IFN-{\gamma},\;TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-1{\beta},\;IgG,\;IgM,\;Anti-collagen\;II$ in serum of the CIA mouse were significantly decreased. 3. In the AlPR-HA group, the levels of $IFN-{\gamma:,\;IFN-{\gamma}\;/IL-4$ in spleen cell culture of the CIA mouse were significantly decreased. 4. In the Hematoxylin and eosin stain, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased in the AIPR-HA group. 5. In the Masson's trichrome stain, the collagen fiber expressions were similar with that of the Normal group. 6. In the AlPR-HA group, the expression ratio of $CD3e^+$ to $CD19^+$ cell and $CD4^+$ to $CD8^+$ cell were similarly maintained as Normal group in the CIA mouse lymph nodes. 7. In the AlPR-HA group, $CD3e^+/CD69^+$ cells in the CIA mouse joint and $CD11a^+/CD19^+$ cells and $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells in the CIA mouse lymph nodes were significantly decreased. 8. In the AIPR-HA group, $CD4^+/CD25^+$ cells were significantly decreased in the CIA mouse spleen cell and were similarly maintained as Normal group in the CIA mouse lymph nodes. Conclusions: These results suggest that AlPR-HA at 51'36 has an effect to control synovial cell proliferation and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.3 s.49
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2006

Compression work on a pyrite powder has been carried out using energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) with Mao-Bell type diamond anvil cell (DAC) and synchrotron radiation(SR) at room temperature. It has been reported the bulk moduli of pyrite show the large variations depending on the experimental conditions as well as the apparatus used. Thus, two kinds of sample in different pressure transmitting media of both NaCl and MgO powder emerged in alcoholic fluids were subjected to measure their compressibilities. Bulk moduli thus obtained are 138.9 GPa and 198.2 GPa, respectively, and this result contradicts to the anticipated values according to the hydrostaticity conditions of the sample chamber. This might be due to the alcoholic fluids phase transition mainly with the side effects from the difference of both solid state detector (SSD) used and E*d value applied. All experiments were performed at the Beam Line 1B2 of Pohang Light Source (PLS).

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.29-50
• /
• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate effectiveness of KamiCheongsimyeonjatang(KCSYJT) medicines to suppress atopic dermatitis in mouse model experimentally. Methods : First, in vitro, we isolated B cells from 18 weeks of atopicdermatitis-like skin NC/Nga mouse. Then we analyzed FACS(Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter) by intracellular staining of IFN-$\gamma$, GATA-3+ analyzed cytokines by using real-time PCR. Secondly, in vivo, after administration of KCSYJT to atopic dermatitis NC/Nga mouse at 12 weeks of age, we analyzed serum IgE and the change of activated cell in PBMCs(Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells). Results : In vitro, KCSYJT medicines supressed IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, and TGF-$\beta$ mRNA and increased IL-10 mRNA in B cells. Also, KCSYJT medicines decreased the levels of GATA-3$^+$CD4$^+$ and increased the levels of IFN-$\gamma^+$CD4$^+$T Cell. In vivo, serum IgE levels dreased in KCSYJT group than control group and In PBMCs, the activated cell percentage of granulocytes, CD3+, CD3+/CD4+, B220+/CD23+, and CCR3+ decreased and CD19+, CD3+/CD8+ increased in KCSYJT group than control group. Conclusions : This study demonstrates immunological activity of KCSYJT on atopic dermatitis-like model mice.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.37 no.11
• /
• pp.971-975
• /
• 2013

In general, the solar photovoltaic power increases with higher solar insolation. However, the solar cell generation efficiency reduces because the solar cell surface is heated by solar insolation. According to advanced research, with a $1^{\circ}C$ increase in the solar cell surface temperature, the generation efficiency decreases by ~0.5%. To solve this problem, we conducted experiments in which we attempted to reduce the solar cell surface temperature using a water jet spray. In this study, we found the long-term experimental results of increases in solar power generation. The experimental results show a comparison of the site with and without cooling and cleaning equipment being installed. The results of the long-term experiments show that solar photovoltaic power generation is increased by at least 13% up to 19% with cooling and cleaning.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.221-227
• /
• 2013

In total, 131 Escherichia coli isolates from surface seawater of the Gomso Bay, of Korea, were analyzed for their susceptibility to 22 different antimicrobials and for genes associated with antimicrobial resistance and virulence. According to the disk diffusion susceptibility test, the resistance to tetracycline was most prevalent (33.6%), followed by that to ampicillin (22.1%), ticarcillin (22.1%), and trimethoprim (16.8%). More than 46.6% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and 22.9% were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials; these were consequently defined as multidrug resistant. We further found that 29 ampicillin-resistant isolates possessed genes encoding TEM-type (93.1%) and SHV-type (6.9%) ${\beta}$-lactamases. Among the 44 tetracycline-resistant isolates, tetA and tetC were found in 35 (79.5%) and 19 (43.2%), respectively, whereas tetB was detected in only three isolates (6.8%). With regard to virulence genes, merely 0.8% (n = 1) and 2.3% (n = 3) of the isolates were positive for the enteroaggregative E. coli-associated plasmid (pCVD432) gene and the enteropathogenic E. coli-specific attaching and effacing (eae) gene, respectively. Overall, these results not only provide novel insight into the necessity for seawater sanitation in Gomso Bay, but they help reduce the risk of contamination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.51-85
• /
• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of concurrent administration of KKSDU and AJ on atopic dermatitis in an in-vivo experiment using an NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, which has histological and clinical similarities to the condition in humans. Methods : We evaluated clinical skin score, hematology, serum total IgE and IgG1 of NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse and analyzed the cytoline level, total cell number, immunohistochemical staining, histological features of axillary lymph node(ALN), draining lymph node(DLN), peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and dorsal skin tissue in NC/Nga mouse. Results : Orally administration of KKSDU and concurrent administration of KKSDU and AJ decreased the clinical skin score, total cell number of WBC, platelet, neutrophils, eosinophils in blood, serum total IgE & IgG1, IL-5, IL-13. Also, total cell number of ALN and dorsal skin tissue, absolute cell number of CD3e+&CD19+, CD4+&CD8+, CD3+/CCR3+, CCR3+, CD3+/CD69+, CD3+/CXCR5+ in ALN, PBMCs, absolute cell number of CCR3+, CD3+/CD69+, CD11b+/Gr-1+ in dorsal skin tissue, Eotaxin2 mRNA, CCR3 mRNA in dorsal skin tissue and gene expression of IL-5 mRNA, IL-13 mRNA in ALN are significantly decreased. Furthermore, thickness of epidermis, infiltrated inflammatory immune cell & mast cell in dermis, histologic infiltration of mast cell, the size of inflammatory lymphocytes cells & plasma cells in ALN and histologic infiltration of CD4+ & CCR3+ in ALN and dorsal skin tissue are significantly decreased. However, total cell number of DLN, absolute cell number of CD3+&CD19+, CD4+&CD8+, B220+/CD23+, CD3+/CD69+ in DLN and CD4+CD25+foxp3+Treg cell, foxp3 mRNA in dersal skin tissue are increased significantly. Conclusions : Concurrent administration of KKSDU and AJ on atopic dermatitis in an in-vivo experiment using an NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse was very effective to the atopic detmatitis treatment.