• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.29 no.8
• /
• pp.876-883
• /
• 2007

• Honam Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.389-397
• /
• 2005

Let K be an absolutely real abelian number field with $G=Gal(K/{\mathbb{Q}})$. Let E be a subfield of K and ${\Delta}=Gal(K/E)$. Let $C_K$ and $C_E$ be the group of circular units of K and E respectively. In [G], Greither has shown that if G is cyclic then $C_K^{\Delta}=C_E$. In this paper we show that the same result holds in function field case.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.297-304
• /
• 1998

Cigarette smoking is a well known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has negative effects on blood lipid and lipoprotein . Some of the associations between smoking and chronic disease can be attributed to the less healthful lifestyles of smokers. A large body of epidemiologic evidence suggests inverse relationships between ischemic heart disease and plasma vitamin C and E concentrations . Smokers have lower plasma concentrations of these vitamins than do nonsmokers. Smokers therefore need antioxidant vitamin supplementation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect vitamin supplementation on plasma lipid patterns in smoking college men. 24subjects were divided into 3 groups of which were the vitamin C supplementation group (n=8), the vitamin E supplementation group(n=8) and the vitamin C+E supplementation group(n=8). The vitamin C supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid, the vitamin E supplementation group consumed 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol, and the vitamin C+E supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid+ 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol for 4 weeks. We examined the plasma lipid patterns before and after the vitamins were supplemented. The results obtained were as follows ; In the vitamin C supplementation group, the concentration of total cholesterol decreased significantly and HDL-cholesterol increased significantly with the supplementation of vitamin. In the vitamin E and vitamin C+E supplementation groups, however, there were no significant differences observed with the supplementation of vitamin. Concentration of plasma LDL, triglyceride, free fatty acid were not significantly affected by the supplementation of vitamin in all groups. In terms of plasma fatty acid composition, the concentrations of saturated fatty acid were not significantly affected by the supplementation of vitamin in all groups. The concentrations of palmitoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, however, significantly increased in the vitamin E supplementation group(p<0.05). The concentration of plasma linoleic acid significantly increased in the vitamin C+ E supplementation group)(p<0.05). The results of this study show that antioxidant vitamin supplementation in smokers has a tendency to decrease coronary heart disease risk in view of the plasma total cholestrol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations of the vitamin C supplementation group and fatty acid concentration of the vitamin E supplementation group.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.143-155
• /
• 1992

Effects of vitamin E, C and/or glycyrrhizin in the artificially oxidized feed on the growth and on the resistance aganist Edwardsiella tarda infection to Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, were examined. The thiobarbitric acid (TBA) values of the oxidized feed were $80\~88$ mg/kg. The fingerling fish were fed the oxidized feed with or without the mixture of vitamin E (50 mg), C (60 mg) and/or glycyrrhizin ($25\~200$ mg) per 100 g of the feed for 7 weeks. The fish fed the oxidized feed with vitamin E, C and/or glycyrrhizin showed better growth than the fish fed the oxidized feed only. But growth rates among the fish fed different amount of vitamins or glycyrrhizin mixed feed were not different. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels in the serum increased only in the fish which were fed oxidized feed without vitamin E, C and/or glycyrrhizin. With the fish artificially infected with E. tarda: they showed low survival rate when fed oxidized feed and oxidized feed plus 25 mg glycyrrhizin per 100 g feed. The fish fed oxidized feed plus vitiamin E, C and/or glycyrrhizin ($50\~200$ mg/100 g), showed higher survival. These results show that the supplementation of oxidized lipids depress the growth and liver activity, while the addition of vitamin E, C and/or glycyrrhizin in the diet accelerated the growth, liver activity, and the resistance to E. tarda infection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2019.11a
• /
• pp.71-72
• /
• 2019

In this study, we describe a method of measuring position using the Additional Secondary Factor (ASF) compensation technique of the eLoran concept in the situation where only Loran-C signals are received without eLoran time broadcasting. Next, we describe the result of test performed to verify the method. The test results showed the position accuracy within 20m and we found the possibility of the method. The method is expected to be used to verify user positioning accuracy before improving Loran-C to eLoran.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the tidal volumes and airway pressures of 3 mask-sealing methods (one hand C-E, two hands C-E, and one hand O-E) for ventilation treatment. Methods: The study subjects were 45 paramedic students. Tidal volume was measured for the three sealing methods by setting a ventilator, connecting it to the masks for 2 minutes, and using Respi-trainer software. Results: Regarding general characteristics, the group of men, in upper grades, and with practical training experience and experience and experience in the implementation of bag-valve-mask ventilation provided higher tidal volumes. Regarding physical characteristics, larger hands and greater grip strength correlated with higher tidal volume. Two hands C-E generated the highest tidal volume of $483.78{\pm}34.14mL$, one hand O-E generated $449.59{\pm}51.09mL$ and one hand C-E generated $394.31{\pm}68.95mL$. Conclusion: Means of tidal volumes were statistically significantly different based on mask sealing methods (p<.001). Two hand C-E was performed by the two-persons task and was suggested as the most effective method. For the one-person task, one hand O-E was the more effective method compared to the previous one hand C-E.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.23 no.7
• /
• pp.965-970
• /
• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the thermoregulatory characteristics of feet and legs by comparing with the physiological responses according to the covering parts of lower limbs. Five healthy female subjects wore three types of clothing-covered legs and feet(LF-C) with long trousers and socks exposed the legs(L-E) with half trousers and socks and exposed the legs and feet(LF-E) with only half trousers-when the subjects rested at $25^{\circ}C$ and were exposed to 18$^{\circ}C$ for 90 min. Rectal temperatures (Tre) were maintained higher in LF-E than L-E and LF-C at both environments. Decreases of The after exposure to 18$^{\circ}C$ were significantly smaller in LF-E than L-E and LF-C and almost same in L-E and LF-C Heat production in both environments increases of heat production and weight loss after exposure to 18$^{\circ}C$ were not significant among three types of clothing. From these findings it would be suggested that the legs would play the little role of voluntary thermoregulation as vasoconstriction and the role of the legs depend on thermal conditions of feet while the feet play the positive role of voluntary thermoregulation in terms of heat conservation in cool environment.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of different polyethylene film (P.E. film) for mulching on the changes in soil temperature and the production of good feathered apple nursery trees. M.9 rootstocks with stem diameter of 9.1~11.0 mm were planted in plots covered with different P.E. film (i.e., transparent P.E. film, black P.E. film, and bare soil as control). Three weeks after planting, the rootstocks were veneer grafted with 'Sinano Sweet' apple cultivar. In the middle of June, BA was sprayed to nursery for inducing feathering during the growing season. The soil temperature of the control was higher than air temperature by about $0.7^{\circ}C$ from mid April to early October, and that of P.E. film mulching was about $1{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ higher than that of the control. The soil temperature under transparent P.E. film was about $2{\sim}3^{\circ}C$ higher than that under black P.E. film. The diurnal range of soil temperature under the black P. E. film was lowest among all treatments. The P.E. film mulching induced better tree growth and feathering than bare soil. Percentage of good feathering apple nursery of black P.E. film was highest among all treatments because the soil temperature unuder black P.E. film in the early growing season was higher than that of the control and the number of days when the maximum soil temperature was over $35^{\circ}C$ in the summer was lower than that under the transparent P.E. film.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.19
• /
• pp.119-138
• /
• 2003

ICC(International Chamber of Commerce) developed new rule on the presentation of electronic record in L/C transactions. This rule named as the e-UCP. The gists of this article are on the application of e-UCP in practice and it's some problems. The e-UCP is the supplement of current exisiting UCP but is superior to UCP under some circumstances. The e-UCP is only apply to the presentation of electronic record regardless of type of L/C(for example, traditional paper L/C or electronic L/C). The presentation of electronic record has some problems which has not seen in the presentation of paper document. These peblems are Time, Place of presentation, and format of electronic record and so on. The e-UCP provided on the basis of these problems. However, the e-UCP has some obscure provisions on the examination of electronic record and the corruption of electronic record. Who is responsible for the corruption of electronic record by the virus on the system of bank ? The current e-UCP is not clear on this matter. We have to note followings in case of presenting the documents electronically and applying the e-UCP. First, Beneficiary has additional duty to notice of completion of presentation. Second, It will be increasing the clean NEGO through prompt feedback of the descrepancy at the presenting time. Third, It is no use of L/G(Letter of Guarantee).

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.279-284
• /
• 2022

Certain pre-transfusion tests are not commonly performed during emergency blood transfusion. In this study, we reviewed and analyzed the data of post-blood transfusion antibody screening tests to establish the effects of unexpected antibodies causing hemolytic transfusion reactions. We reviewed information published domestically and internationally, and selected the data of 68,602 antibody screening tests and 528 antibody identification tests conducted at P hospital. We found that unexpected antibody positive (1198,1.74%), Rh type (161, 30.49%), Lewis type (67, 12.69%), others (Di (a), 28, 5.30%). The anti-E type positive was 93 (17.61%), and that of the cases with anti-C (13, 2.46%). Only data of domestic cases were included for analysis that were published before 2007, which established the presence of antibodies of the following types and numbers of cases: anti-E (196, 22.45%), anti-Le a (82, 9.39%), and anti-E+C (60, 6.87%). In 2018, anti-E (107, 17.12%), anti-E+Canti-E+C (56, 8.96%), and anti-Di a (28, 4.48%) were detected. In other domestic cases, S hospital was detect to anti-E, anti-Le a, anti-E+C. The Anti-E, anti-D, anti-E+C, and anti-C+E were detected in D hospital. In Saudi Arabia, Anti-D, anti-E, and anti-Jka was detected. The Anti-M, Anti-N, Anti-Le (a), and Anti-D were detected in India. Requests for emergency blood transfusion increased 1.8 times after the opening of the trauma center. This study has the disadvantage of being a cross-sectional study. additional studies are needed to provide basic information on alternative treatments that can increase the safety and reduce the side effects of hemolytic transfusion in emergency transfusion situations.