• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.819-830
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• 2008

The object of this study was to investigate different levels of extruded rice product(Nutri-RS®) supplementation as an alternative to lactose on growth performance, diarrhea score, fecal E.coli and volatile fatty acid(VFA) in weaning pigs. Treatments were 1) Control(basal), L3(basal+3% extruded rice product), L6(basal+6% extruded rice product). The control diet in Phase I and Phase II contained 16 and 9% of lactose, respectively. For the feeding trial, a total of 81 crossbred pigs, averaging 7.56±1.18 kg body weight, were allotted to three treatments in three replicates with nine pigs per pen by RCBD. The experimental period was total 5 weeks. During the whole experimental period, there were no significant differences in growth performance, diarrhea score, fecal volatile fatty acid concentration among all treatments. Although there were no significant differences, pigs fed diet of L6 tended to show higher BW and ADG, ADFI, and fecal volatile fatty acid concentration compared to other treatments. Treatment L6 showed the lowest fecal E. coli count among all treatments(P<0.05). These results suggested that inclusion of extruded rice product has similar performance a with 6% of lactose in diet for weaning pigs and reduce approximately 9% production cost of weaning pig's diet. Therefore, extruded rice product could be utilized as an alternative feed ingredient to lactose in weaning pig’s diet.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 2005

Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase $C\delta$ $PLC\delta$) plays an important role in many cellular responses and is involved in the production of second messenger. The present study was conducted to obtain the biochemical characteristics of the expressed recombinant $PLC\delta$ in E. coli cloned from Misgurnus mizolepis and partially purified $PLC\delta$ enzymes from liver tissues of M. mizolepis (wild ML-$PLC\delta$). The ML $PLC\delta$ gene was cloned and expressed under the previous report (Kim et al., 2004), and purified the recombinant protein by successive chromatography using $Ni^{2+}$-NTA affinity column and gel iltration FPLC column. The wild ML-$PLC\delta$ protein was solublized with 2 M KCI and purified by successive chromatography on open heparin-Sephagel and analytical TSKgel heparin-5PW. Both the recombinant and wild ML-$PLC\delta$ form of protein showed a concentration-dependent PLC activity to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis-phosphate (PIP$_2$) or phosphatidylinositol (PI). Its activity was absolutely $Ca^{2+}$- dependant, which was similar to mammalian $PLC\delta$ isozymes. Maximal PI-hydrolytic activations of recombinant and wild ML- TEX>$PLC\delta$ was at pH 7.0 and pH 7.5, respectively. In addition, the enzymatic activities of recombinant and wild ML-$PLC\delta$ were increased in concentration-dependent manner by detergent, such as sodium deoxycholate SDC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). The activities decreased in contrast by a polyamine, such as spermine. Western blotting showed that several types of $PLC\delta$ isozymes exist in various organs. Taken together our results, it suggested that the biochemical characteristics of ML-$PLC\delta$ are similar with those of mammalian $PLC\delta1$ and ${\delta}3$ isozymes.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of chlorine water and plasma gas treatment on the quality and microbial control of Latuca indica L. baby Leaf during storage. Latuca indica L. baby leaves were harvested from a plant height of 10cm. They were sterilized with $100{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ chlorine water and plasma-gas (1, 3, and 6hours), and packaged with $1,300cc{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}{\cdot}atm^{-1}$ films and then stored at $8{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and RH $85{\pm}5%$ for 25days. During storage, the fresh weight loss of all treatments were less than 1.0%, and the carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations in packages were 6-8% and 16-17%, respectively for all treatments in the final storage day. The concentration of ethylene in the packages fluctuated between $1-3{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ during the storage and the highest concentration of ethylene was observed at 6 hours plasma treatment in the final storage day. The off-odor of all treatments were almost odorless, the treatments of chlorine water and 1 hour plasma maintained the marketable visual quality until the end of storage. Chlorophyll content and Hue angle value measured at the final storage day were similar to those measured before storage in chlorine water and 1 hour of plasma treatments. E. coli was not detected immediately after sterilization in all sterilization treatments. After 6 hours of plasma treatment, the total bacteria fungus counts were lower than the domestic microbial standard for agricultural product in all sterilization treatments. The total aerobic counts in the end storage day increased compared to before storage, whereas E. coli was not detected in all sterilization treatments. The sterilization effect against bacteria and fungi was the best in chlorine water treatment. Plasma treatment showed sterilization effects, but within a prolonged period of time. In addition, the sterilization effect decreased gradually. These results suggest that chlorine water and plasma treatment were effective in maintaining Latuca indica L. baby Leaf commerciality and controlling microorganisms during postharvest storage.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2017

Effect of salt concentration (10, 20 and 30%, respectively) and fermentation temperature (10 and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively) on changes in quality index (VBN, Histamine, Amino nitrogen, Total viable cell counts, Coliform bacteria and E. coli counts) of culinary salted and fermented anchovy during fermentation were investigated to suggestion of fundamental documents for industrial objectives. Our results show that the effect of salt concentration on changes in quality index was not high compared with fermentation temperature in salted and fermented anchovy with below 20% of salt concentration however effect of salt concentration and fermentation temperature on quality index was not significant with 30% salt concentration. And all most whole changes of quality index were rapidly increased or decreased for 30 days of fermentation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1645-1649
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• 2011

[ ${\beta}$ ]Ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase I (KAS I) is involved in the elongation of unsaturated fatty acids in bacterial fatty acid synthesis and a therapeutic target of designing novel antibiotics. In this study, we performed receptor-oriented pharmacophore-based in silico screening of E. coli KAS I (ecKAS I) with the aim of identifying novel inhibitors. We determined one pharmacophore map and selected 8 compounds as candidates ecKAS I inhibitors. We discovered one antimicrobial compound, YKAe1008, N-(3-pyridinyl) hexanamide, displaying minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 128-256 ${\mu}g/mL$ against MRSA and VREF. YKAe1008 was subsequently assessed for binding to ecKAS I using saturation-transfer difference NMR spectroscopy. Further optimization of this compound will be carried out to improve its antimicrobial activity and membrane permeability against bacterial cell membrane.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.529-536
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• 2004

Innovated technique to inactivate microorganisms has been developed. This technique uses plasma discharge in 2-phase (Air-Water). Dielectric Barrier (two phase) Discharging system is able to produce new oxidants for microorganisms. Products from discharging are $HNO_2$, $NO_2{^-}$, $HNO_3$, $NO_3{^-}$ and ozone but many other radicals can be generated as well. DBD water has low concentration of ozone (about 0.5mg/L), $NO_2{^-}$, $NO_3{^-}$ (about 10mg-N/L, 20mg-N/L respectively) and lots of $H^+$. These products play an important role in oxidation. Oxidation power by KI titration methods is approximately equivalent to $50mg-O_3/L$. Surprisingly stored DBD water could oxidize KI and maintain stable pH (about pH3) even after several days. Stored DBD water for 5 days has also more than 4log disinfection power to E. coli. However, DBD water cannot be used for drinking water directly due to it's toxicity. Additional process to neutralize pH and decrease toxicity must be applied.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.2033-2037
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• 2005

In vitro selection was used to isolate $Mg^{2+}$-dependent self-cleaving ribozymes with cis-cleavage activity from a pre-tRNA library having 40-mer random sequences attached to 5'-end of E. coli $tRNA^{Phe}$. After 8 rounds of SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment), RNA molecules which can self-cleave at the high concentration of $Mg^{2+}$ were isolated. The selected ribozymes can carry out the self-cleavage reaction in the presence of 100 mM $Mg^{2+}$ but not in 10 mM $Mg^{2+}$. The cleavage sites of the ribozymes are located at +3 and +4 of $tRNA^{Phe}$, compared with +1 position of 5'-end cleavage site of pre-tRNA by RNase P. New RNA constructs deprived of its D stem-loop, anticodon stem-loop, variable loop and T stem-loop, respectively showed the cleavage specificity identical to a ribozyme having the intact tRNA structure. Also, the new ribozyme fused with both a ribozyme and $tRNA^{Leu}$ showed the cleavage activities at the various sites within its sequences, different from two sites of position +3 and +4 observed in the ribozyme with $tRNA^{Phe}$. Our results suggest that the selected ribozyme is not structural-specific for tRNA.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.435-441
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• 2009

In the present study, we analyzed the defensin protein deduced from Korean radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds.To express the genes in E. coli, we constructed a recombinant expression vector with a defensin gene, named rKRs-AFP gene isolated from Korean radish seeds. Over expressed rKRs-AFP proteins was separated by SDS-PAGE to determine the purity, and protein concentration was determined by the Bradford method. Antifungal activity was assessed by disk assay method against the tested fungi. As a result, when 500 mL of cell culture were disrupted by sonicator, 32.5 mg total proteins were obtained. The purified protein showed a single band on SDS-PAGE with estimated molecular weight about 6 KDa, consistent with the molecular mass calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence. The purified rKRs-AFP protein showed remarkable antifungal activities against several fungi including Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea causing the gray mold disease, and Candida albicans. In field tests using the purified rKRs-AFP protein, the protein showed the reducing activity of disease spot and the mitigating effect of spreading of disease like agrichemicals. The immuno-assay of rKRs-AFP protein showed that the purified protein entirely accumulated at B. cinerea cytoplasm through the hyphal septa shown by fluorescence imaging. There was no fluorescence inside the cell, when the hypha was incubated without the protein. These all results indicate that the recombinant rKRs-AFP proteins can be utilized as a potential antifungal drug to control harmful plant fungal pathogens.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.241-249
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• 2005

This experiment extracted the natural green-tea using ethanol and obtained the refined oil component after filterated green-tea extract. This study tested the antimicrobial effect as characteristics experiment, and analyzed refined oil component with pH-meter and GC/MS. In the result of this experiment, it obtained the next conclusions. In the first result of extraction experiment, it could know that extraction ratio of refined oil component appeared about 9.0%. In the second result of characteristics experiment, it could certificate that in case of increasing the refined oil component in concentration of 100ppm and above, and according to passage of cultivation time, the number of S-aureus and E-coli in microbe decreased less and less. But in case of blank test not adding the refined oil component, the number of microbe increased more and more. In these phenomena, it could certificate that refined oil component of green-tea appeared antimicrobial effect against microbe. In the third result of instrumental analysis, refined oil component of green-tea appeared about 7.6 in 1% distilled water solution with pH-meter, and the aromatic components of benzene, bonyl acetate, campene, ${\alpha},{\beta},{\gamma}$-pinnene etcs from refined oil component of green-tea was detected with GC/MS.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1992

Antibacterial activity of the water-soluble portion of Ulmus pzcmila L. extract against 10 bacterial species was studied by both cylinder plate dilution method and broth dilution test tube method. Inhibitory effect of the extract on the bacteria was also investigated by plotting bacterial survival at various concentration of the extract. The crude extract exhibited antibacterial activity against all of the tested bacterial species with exception of K pneurnoniae. The fractions of the extract prepared by CM Sephadex-C 50 ion exchange chromatography were also subjected to test the antibacterial activity, and the activity was studied after autoclaving for 20 minutes.