• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 1990

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of altruistic TV viewing and verbal training on the altruistic behavior of preschoolers. The subjects of this study were a total of 56 boys and 57 girls from a kindergarten in Kwachon, Kyung-gi do. The subjects were assigned to one of three conditions: in the first condition subjects were shown video tapes designed to portray prosocial themes (TV modeling group) ; in the second condition subjects saw the video tapes in addition to verbal training (TV modeling plus verbal training group); in the third condition subjects received neither TV modeling nor verbal training (control group). Statistical analysis was by ANOVA and $Scherr\acute{e}$ test. Significant differences were found in altruistic behavior between the TV modeling and the TV modeling with verbal training groups.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.289-298
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• 2007

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of e-Learning course for kindergarten teachers and to generate suggestions for the revision of the course. To pursue for the purpose of the study, two hundred and ninety two subjects had participated in the quantitative study. The results indicate that the e-learning course was effective in terms of the student achievement, especially for the less privileged students. For the learners who were not majored in education for young children, and who had lower level academic degree enjoyed more benefit from the e-Learning course than their colleagues with higher level academic degrees. Also some issues that should bring some concerns such as the flaws of measurement instrument were discussed. Finally, implications regarding instructional design of e-Learning courses were suggested.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.5 s.72
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• pp.703-706
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the combined effect of L-arginine supplementation and regular physical exercise on HR, BP, eNOS and Macrophage activation using SHR. To examine the differences among HR, BP, eNOS, and Macrophage activity levels, normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as a control. Thirty two male rats (six weeks old) were divided into four groups; eight WKY control (WKYC), eight SHR control (SHRC), eight SHR supplemented with L-arginine (SHRA), and eight SHR trained and supplemented with L-arginine (SHRTA). Obtained results were as follows : In the heart and blood pressure, there was significant differences anong the four group (p<.05) compare to SHRC. In the eNOS levels, there was significant differences among the four groups (p<.05) compare to SHRC. In the macrophage activity, there was significant differences among the four groups (p<.05) compare to SHRC. In conclusion, For the SHRC group, the level of eNOS is higher than that of WKYC, and we can expect tissue damage caused by toxic free radical. However, this can be stabilized by the L-arginine supplementation and regular physical training. we can also conclude regular aerobic training decrease cardiovascular stress caused by stabled macrophage activity. Therefore, we can trace it is the effect of training in SHR.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Purpose: Sarcopenia is defined as a decrease in muscle mass, strength, and function with age that affects overall body function. We aimed to investigate the effect of combined training on body composition, balance, and muscle function in sarcopenia elderly. Research design, data, and methodology: Twenty-eight sarcopenia elderly (age 74.9±4.5 years) were randomly assigned to an exercise, EG (n=14), or a control, CG (n=14), group. The EG performed an intervention consisting of combined exercise training (60-75 min) for a total of 12 weeks, three times a week. The CG maintained their usual daily lifestyle during the intervention period. We measured body weight, body mass index (BMI), % body fat, free fat mass, balance ability, peak torque in shoulder, knee, and lumbar joints normalized for bodyweight in one second. Results: The EG showed improved body composition (i.e., BMI, fat-free body mass, fat mass; all p < 0.031, η² > 0.179), balance (i.e., right and left of static and dynamic balance and fast 10 m walk; all p < 0.049, η² > 0.152), and muscular function (i.e., 90°/sec and 180°/sec peak power per kg bodyweight, 90°/sec average power per kg bodyweight, 180°/sec total work, and 180°/sec endurance ratio; all p < 0.045, η² > 0.158). Conclusions: Combined exercise training improves muscle mass and strength, body composition, balance, and muscle function in sarcopenia elderly.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different frequency on of knee extensors muscle function during electrical muscle stimulation (EMS). Method: In this research, 40 subjects who have no musculoskeletal disorder, and less than a year workout experience were recruited in order to analyze effects of EMS with different stimulus frequency. Forty subjects were randomly divided into four groups of ten subjects in each group. A EMS training program with different frequencies (without EMS [WE], EMS with frequency 30 Hz [E30], EMS with frequency 60 Hz [E60], EMS with frequency 90 Hz [E90]) was assigned to each group. Throughout eight weeks of training, test subjects were simultaneously carried out knee extension exercises such as squat, leg extension, and leg-press while using EMS with different frequency (20 min, pulse width 250 ㎲, on-off ratio 1:1). Isokinetic knee extension strength, muscle activity of the rectus femoris (RF), the vastus medialis (VM), and the vastus lateralis (VL), and the median frequency of the RF, the VM, and the VL were collected and compared between pre and post training in order to find effects of applying EMS with different frequencies. For each dependent variable, a one-way ANOVA was to determine whether there were significant differences among four different conditions (p<.05). When a significant difference was found, post hoc analyses were performed using the contrast procedure. Results: When compared to WE and E90, E30 causes significant increase in isokinetic knee extension strength. No significant differences were found in EMG values across different EMS conditions. However, the median frequency of the VM in E30 was significantly increased than the corresponding value for WE. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that EMS training with 30 Hz frequency had positive effect on knee extensor. Based of the findings of the present study, EMS training with lower frequency may help the performer to focus on developing strength in knee extensor muscles.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.137-157
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• 2020

The medical tourism industry, a convergence of medical services and tourism, has been getting more and more popularity as a new value-added industry in the 21st century. Accordingly, the number of professional workers within this industry has been increasing, and the role of educational institutions to cultivate well-equipped human resources has also become critical. However, compared to practically activated medical tourism-related education programs, studies investigating the effectiveness of these education programs are relatively rare. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the effect of five dimensions of medical tourism education service quality (i.e., tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) on learners' education satisfaction and transfer of education training. In addition, the moderating roles of national relations as well as organizational characteristics (i.e., transfer climate and support of supervisors and colleagues) in the relationship between education satisfaction and transfer of education training are further verified. The results of the structural equation model (SEM) using 151 samples from respondents with experience in completing medical tourism education programs reveal that tangibles, reliability, and assurance are found to have a significant impact on education satisfaction, which in turn leads to a high level of transfer of education training. Moreover, it is found that national relations and support of supervisors and colleagues play a moderating role. This study would provide guidelines for improving the efficiency of educational institutions, creating outcomes for learners' affiliated firms (e.g., hospitals), and promoting medical tourism at the national level from the perspective of medical tourism education.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.59-88
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• 2005

The recent development of IT, consolidation of communications and multimedia technology have brought enormous changes in many organizations. These changes are enabling the new educational environments such as distance learning and virtual education. Particularly e-Learning has grown rapidly in business training fields. In this regard, the primary purpose of this study is to investigate which factors of e-Learning influence education and training in business organizations through an empirical survey. The results show that most of hypotheses get significant support. Implications of these findings are discussed for researchers and practitioners.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2003

Manifestation of heterotic genetic interaction was studied in different hybrids made between multivoltine recurrent backcross (RBL)/congenic lines (Con. L) during unfavourable season when temperature and relative humidity are > $30^{\circ}C$ and 86%, respectively. A few number of silkworm race or strain or breed like Nistari (N ＋ p or Np) can sustain the temperature above 3$0^{\circ}C$ and RH above 86%. The present heterosis study screened a hybrid i.e., CB$_{5}$Lm5RBL1M$_{6}$DPC-LmE$^1$RBL and its reciprocal provided heterobeltiotic effect on survival by number and pupation rate at a magnitude of 20% (p < 0.01) and yield by weight of 10% (p < 0.01). Beside all the hybrids expressed heterosis over check - Nistari (N ＋ p) with better quality silk. Therefore, aforesaid hybrid may be useful for utilization at commercial level during adverse seasons of West Bengal.gal.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Pilates Reformer training on gait improvement of subjects with asymmetric pelvic rotation. The seven subjects with greater pelvic rotation in right swing were assessed twice, 4 weeks apart, during which there was submitted to a Pilates Reformer training (three 40 min session per week). The kinematic data consisted of pelvic rotation and flexion angle of hip and knee joint was measured during gait. In comparison between both leg swings, max, min and range values of pelvic rotation was not significantly difference. After training, range of pelvic rotation in right swing was significantly decreased, but in left swing was not. In comparison between both leg swings, the values of max of hip and knee joint angle was significantly difference. After training, max values of angle of knee joint in right swing was significantly increased, but in left swing was not. The result of this study revealed that Pilates Reformer training was effective in improving gait to symmetric pelvic rotation.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.33-69
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• 2011

This study analyses a productivity effect by E&T and R&D activities via estimation of E&T stock, R&D stock, and patent stock in a corporate level. Particularly, the analysis reflects the effects of skilled training after estimating E&T stock from E&T flow. When a spillover effect of E&T is analyzed, a methodology using technical proximity concept becomes a new experiment. Also classifying long and short term effects from the usage of Dynamic Panel Data Analysis becomes a new trial, too. The results of study appear that the productivity effects from E&T investments are relatively lager than R&D investments. Through spillover effects and long-term effects E&T and R&D activities have a strong influence on the corporate's productivity.