• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
• /
• pp.39-42
• /
• 2004

We have designed a portable electronic nose(e-nose) system using an array of commercial gas sensors for recognition and analyzing the various odours. In this paper, we have implemented a portable e-nose system using an array gas sensors and personal digital assistants(PDA) for recognizing and analyzing volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in the field. Field screening for pollutants has been a target of instrumental development for number of year. A portable e-nose system can be substantial benefit to rapidly localize the spacial extent of a pollution or to find pollutants source. And, by using PDA, E-nose have a better function such as the easy user-interface and data transfer by internet from on- site to remote computer. We adapted the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm based on the back-propagation and proposed the method that could be predicted concentration levels of VOCs gases after classification by separating neural network into two parts.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2005

The electronic nose (e-nose) has been used in food industry and quality controls in plastic packaging. Recently it finds its applications in medical diagnosis, specifically on detection of diabetes, pulmonary or gastrointestinal problem, or infections by examining odors in the breath or tissues with its odor characterizing ability. Moreover, the use of portable e-nose enables the on-site measurements and analysis of vapors without extra gas-sampling units. This is expected to widen the application of the e-nose in various fields including point-of-care-test or e-health. In this study, a PDA-based portable e-nose was developed using micro-machined gas sensor array and miniaturized electronic interfaces. The rich capacities of the PDA in its computing power and various interfaces are expected to provide the rapid and application specific development of the diagnostic devices, and easy connection to other facilities through information technology (IT) infra. For performance verification of the developed portable e-nose system, Six different vapors were measured using the system. Seven different carbon-black polymer composites were used for the sensor array. The results showed the reproducibility of the measured data and the distinguishable patterns between the vapor species. Additionally, the application of two typical pattern recognition algorithms verified the possibility of the automatic vapor recognition from the portable measurements. These validated the portable e-nose based on PDA developed in this study.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.28-34
• /
• 2011

Background & Objectives : Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation or irritation of the mucous membranes that line the nose. Common symptoms include sneezing, a stuffy or runny nose, itchy eyes, nose and throat, and watery eyes. We aimed to determine therapeutic effects of Tribulus terrestris by observing changes of total IgE level and the scratching or rubbing around the nose behavior. Materials and Methods : Fifteen BALB/c mice were divided into three groups : AR group(allergic rhinitis elicitated), TT group(which ate herbal medicine) and AH group(which ate antihistamine). Allergic rhinitis was induced in the three groups by intraperitoneal and intranasal sensitization with 0.1% ovalbumin solution. Then Tribulus terrestris was orally administered only to the TT group of 28days, while the AH group was given antihistamine. We observed changes of total IgE level and the scratching or rubbing around the nose behavior. We used Kruskal-Wallis test statistically(p<0.05). Results : 1. Tribulus terrestris showed significantly decreased IgE level on the serum of the rat model. 2. Tribulus terrestris showed significantly decreased scratching or rubbing around the nose behaviors of the rat model. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is considered that Tribulus terrestris has an inhibitory effect on the process of allergic rhinitis and it can be used in relieving symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.585-594
• /
• 2005

A small electronic nose (E-Nose) system has been developed using an 8-channel vapor detection array and personal digital assistant (PDA). The sensor array chip, integrated on a single microheater-embedded polyimide substrate, was made of carbon black-polymer composites with different kinds of polymers and plasticizers. We have successfully classified various volatile organic compounds such as methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, benzene, toluene, n-hexane, n-heptane, and c-hexane with the aid of the sensor array chip, and have evaluated the resolution factors among them, quantitatively. To achieve a PDA-based E-Nose system, we have also elaborated small sensor-interrogating circuits, simple vapor delivery components, and data acquisition and processing programs. As preliminary results show, the miniaturized E-Nose system has demonstrated the identification of essential oils extracted from mint, lavender, and eucalyptus plants.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.320-325
• /
• 2014

Volatile flavor compounds from milk were analyzed and identified by using the analysis methods of headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HSPME-GC/MS) and electronic nose (E-Nose) system. About 30 volatile compounds were identified by HSPME-GC/MS for the fresh and off-flavor milk samples. Also, the correlation between rancidity and ageing days of milk was obtained by the aid of principal component analysis algorithm. It shows that the E-Nose system can identify the various types of milk flavor. These results imply that the analysis method based on the E-nose system can apply to the quality control of milk flavor and the rancidity.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.454-461
• /
• 2004

We have designed a portable electronic nose (e-nose) system using an array of commercial gas sensors and personal digital assistants (PDA) for the recognition and analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the field. Field screening of pollutants has been a target of instrumental development during the past years. A portable e-nose system was advantageous to localize the special extent of a pollution or to find pollutants source. The employment of PDA improved the user-interface and data transfer by Internet from on-site to remote computer. We adapted the Lavenberg-Marquardt algorithm based on the back-propagation and proposed the method that could predict the concentration levels of VOC gases after classification by separating neural network into two parts.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.329-334
• /
• 2004

전자후각(I-nose)시스템은, 전통적으로 음식물이나 플라스틱 제재의 생산에서 자동화된 품질관리 시스템에 사용되어 왔으나, 최근 호흡가스 등을 통해 당뇨, 호흡 및 소화기 질환과 감염 등을 검사하는 진단영역으로 그 응용분야를 확대하고 있다 이러한 질병과 연관이 없는 휘발성 유기화합물(volatile organic compound, YOC) 에 대하여 I-nose 의 센서어래이는 센서 물질과 휘발성 화합물 사이의 반응으로 인해 고유한 반응을 보이며, 신호의 profile 에 그 흔적을 남긴다. 본 연구에서는 센서어래이의 반응 신호를 profile 형태로 유지 및 분석함으로써 I-nose 의 가스시료 인식 성능을 보다 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 신호의 profile 에는 패턴인식을 위한 기존의 개별적인 특성(feature) 보다 많은 정보가 들어 있으며, 이를 가스의 구분에 효과적으로 이용하기 위해 디지털 영상처리에서 사용되는 패턴 매칭을 응용한time-profile방법을 새롭게 제안하였다. 제안된 방법의 검증을 위해, 반도체 공정에 의해 제작된 16채널의 초소형 가스센서 어래이를 사용해 측정된 8종류의 각기 다른 가스시료들에 대하여, 동종 및 이종 가스간의 매칭의 정도를 산출하였다. 기존의 방법과 비교한 결과 동종과 이종 가스간의 뚜렷한 구별이 가능하여 이를 패턴인식에 사용하면 E-nose의 가스 인식 성능을 향상시킬 것으로 전망된다.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.134-140
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was the discrimination of different tobacco types by the E-Nose/tongue and the analysis of what human sensory attributes are correlated with e-instrument's sensors. Samples were made from five groups of Korean domestic tobacco leaves, aged burley and not aged, aged flue-cured and not aged and blending types of the four. Instrumental tests were conducted to discriminate characteristics among different tobacco samples by the E-Nose and the E-Tongue. Sensory attributes of tobacco tastes were impact, irritation, bitterness, hay-like, tobacco taste, smoke volume, smoke pungent and mouth cleanness. STATISTICA software was used to analyze correlation between the human sensory data and the raw data of e-instruments. Discrimination analysis can be achieved using principal components analysis (PCA) and discriminant factorial analysis(DFA). As a result, impact, bitterness, irritation, smoke volume and smoke pungent of human sensory attributes were correlated with data from the several clustered E-Nose sensors(p < 0.10). And bitterness, irritation, and smoke pungent of human sensory attributes were correlated with data from the E-Tongue sensors(p < 0.10). PCA plot by the E-Nose shows that aged tobacco and not aged were discriminated and DFA plot shows that three groups(aged burley, not aged burley and flue-cured) were discriminated. PCA plot by the E- Tongue shows that flue-cured tobacco was separated from burley. Our results indicated that the e-instruments are sensitive enough to distinguish among tobacco types and their several sensors are reacted to the human sensory attributes.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.368-372
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we proposed a post-processing technique for improving classification performance of electronic nose (E-Nose) system which may be occurred drift signals from sensor array. An adaptive radial basis function network using stochastic gradient (SG) and singular value decomposition (SVD) is applied to process signals from sensor array. Due to drift from sensor's aging and poisoning problems, the final classification results may be showed bias and fluctuations. The predicted classification results with drift are quantized to determine which identification level each class is on. To mitigate sharp fluctuations moving-averaging (MA) technique is applied to quantized identification results. Finally, quantization and some edge correction process are used to decide levels of the fluctuation-smoothed identification results. The proposed technique has been indicated that E-Nose system was shown correct odor identification results even if drift occurred in sensor array. It has been confirmed throughout the experimental works. The enhancements have produced a very robust odor identification capability which can compensate for decision errors induced from drift effects with sensor array in electronic nose system.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.204-209
• /
• 2021

Immersive multimedia comprising metadata for five senses can provide user experience by stimulating memory and sensation. In the case of olfactory-enhanced multimedia, a computer-generated smell is combined with additional media content to create a richer and/or more realistic experience for the user. Although several studies have been conducted on olfactory-enhanced multimedia using e-nose and olfactory display, their practical applications have been severely restricted owing to the absence of a related standard. This paper proposes a method to standardize odor metadata obtained from an e-nose system, which has been particularly used to acquire data from different coffee aromas. Subsequently, the data were transferred to an odor display applicable for olfactory-enhanced multimedia using the ISO/IEC 23005 (MPEG-V) data template.