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Effect on the Arginine Transport of Mutant MCAT1, Mouse Cationic Aminoacid Transporter (MCAT1의 돌연변이체가 Arginine 통과 능력에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Jung-Woo
    • The Journal of Natural Sciences
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.35-41
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    • 1996
  • To find the substrate interacting site of the MCAT1, charged amino acid residues in the transmembrane domain were changed to opposite charged amino acids and studied the arginine uptake, gp70 binding, efflux and protein expression using the Xenopus oocyte expression method. Among the five mutants of MCAT1, the D403K showed the most interesting characteristics, which had normal gp70 binding but low arginine uptake function, that means the normal expression on the membrane but decreased transport function. All mutants except K211E showed decreased arginine efflux, and kinetic study showed decreased Vmax. Together, Clu(403) residue of MCAT1 may show the possible substrate interacting site in the transmembrane domain of MCAT1.

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Mesurement of Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Latency Using Linear Prediction Coding Spectrum (선형예측부호화 스펙트럼을 이용한 유발이음청 방재파의 잠시측정)

  • An, Jung-Il;Choi, Jin-Young;Lee, Kuhn-Il
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.185-190
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    • 1991
  • An automatized latency calculation method of an e-OAE(evoked otacoustic emission) is proposed. The e-OAE signal measured from a normal adult is averaged 1000 times to remove noises. This averaged signal is converted to digital signal and that is processed by IBM-AT computer for latency calculation. we separate the stimulated and the emitted signal on the time domain by a modified LPC (linear prediction coding) spectrum, and the latency is calculated by cross-correlation method. By proposed latency calculation method the latency is 7.9[ms] for normal adult. The performance of the proposed method is also compared with that of the auto-correlation and cross performance of the proposed method is also compared with that of the auto-correlation and cross-correlation method. The result show that the proposed method has same precision with the conventional methods and can automatically calculate latency without subjective observation.

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Using Harmonic Analysis and Optimization to Study Macromolecular Dynamics

  • Kim Moon-K.;Jang Yun-Ho;Jeong Jay-I.
    • International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.382-393
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    • 2006
  • Mechanical system dynamics plays an important role in the area of computational structural biology. Elastic network models (ENMs) for macromolecules (e.g., polymers, proteins, and nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA) have been developed to understand the relationship between their structure and biological function. For example. a protein, which is basically a folded polypeptide chain, can be simply modeled as a mass-spring system from the mechanical viewpoint. Since the conformational flexibility of a protein is dominantly subject to its chemical bond interactions (e.g., covalent bonds, salt bridges, and hydrogen bonds), these constraints can be modeled as linear spring connections between spatially proximal representatives in a variety of coarse-grained ENMs. Coarse-graining approaches enable one to simulate harmonic and anharmonic motions of large macromolecules in a PC, while all-atom based molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has been conventionally performed with an aid of supercomputer. A harmonic analysis of a macroscopic mechanical system, called normal mode analysis, has been adopted to analyze thermal fluctuations of a microscopic biological system around its equilibrium state. Furthermore, a structure-based system optimization, called elastic network interpolation, has been developed to predict nonlinear transition (or folding) pathways between two different functional states of a same macromolecule. The good agreement of simulation and experiment allows the employment of coarse-grained ENMs as a versatile tool for the study of macromolecular dynamics.

Word-Based FCSRs with Fast Software Implementations

  • Lee, Dong-Hoon;Park, Sang-Woo
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2011
  • Feedback with carry shift registers (FCSRs) over 2-adic number would be suitable in hardware implementation, but the are not efficient in software implementation since their basic unit (the size of register clls) is 1-bit. In order to improve the efficiency we consider FCSRs over $2^{\ell}$-adic number (i.e., FCSRs with register cells of size ${\ell}$-bit) that produce ${\ell}$ bits at every clocking where ${\ell}$ will be taken as the size of normal words in modern CPUs (e.g., ${\ell}$ = 32). But, it is difficult to deal with the carry that happens when the size of summation results exceeds that of normal words. We may use long variables (declared with 'unsigned _int64' or 'unsigned long long') or conditional operators (such as 'if' statement) to handle the carry, but both the arithmetic operators over long variables and the conditional operators are not efficient comparing with simple arithmetic operators (such as shifts, maskings, xors, modular additions, etc.) over variables of size ${\ell}$-hit. In this paper, we propose some conditions for FCSRs over $2^{\ell}$-adic number which admit fast software implementations using only simple operators. Moreover, we give two implementation examples for the FCSRs. Our simulation result shows that the proposed methods are twice more efficient than usual methods using conditional operators.

TCP Delayed Window Update Mechanism for Fighting the Bufferbloat

  • Wang, Min;Yuan, Lingyun
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.10 no.10
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    • pp.4977-4996
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    • 2016
  • The existence of excessively large and too filled network buffers, known as bufferbloat, has recently gained attention as a major performance problem for delay-sensitive applications. Researchers have made three types of suggestions to solve the bufferbloat problem. One is End to End (E2E) congestion control, second is deployment of Active Queue Management (AQM) techniques and third is the combination of above two. However, these solutions either seem impractical or could not obtain good bandwidth utilization. In this paper, we propose a Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)delayed window update mechanism which uses a congestion detection approach to predict the congestion level of networks. When detecting the network congestion is coming, a delayed window update control strategy is adopted to maintain good protocol performance. If the network is non-congested, the mechanism stops work and congestion window is updated based on the original protocol. The simulation experiments are conducted on both high bandwidth and long delay scenario and low bandwidth and short delay scenario. Experiment results show that TCP delayed window update mechanism can effectively improve the performance of the original protocol, decreasing packet losses and queuing delay while guaranteeing transmission efficiency of the whole network. In addition, it can perform good fairness and TCP friendliness.

The Effect of Shinchulsan on the Rat Model with Allergic Rhinitis (神朮散이 알레르기 비염 유발 흰쥐 모델에 미치는 영향)

  • Bae, Hyeon-Jin;Jo, Ga-Won;Heo, Eun-Sun;Hwang, Chung-Yeon
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.76-87
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    • 2015
  • Objectives : Allergic rhinitis is highly increased in these days. We aimed to investigate therapeutic effect ofShinchulsanby observing changes in blood cells and the protein expression level of IL-4 in spleen of Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats with allergic rhinitis.Methods : Fifteen SD rats were divided into three groups: normal, control, and sample group. Allergic rhinitis was induced in the control and sample group by intraperitional and intranasal sensitization with 0.1% and 0.4% Ovalbumin solution. ThenShinchulsanwas orally administered only to the sample group for 28 days, while the rats in the control group was given normal saline.Results : 1.Shinchulsanshowed significantly decreased eosinophil level on the serum of the rat model.2.Shinchulsanshowed significantly decreased IgE level on the serum of the rat model.3.Shinchulsanshowed significantly decreased the protein expression levels of IL-4 in spleen of the rat model.4.Shinchulsanhad no hepatoxicity, according to AST and ALT on the serum.Conclusion : According to the above results, it is considered thatShinchulsanis helpful in treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Optimal Bayesian MCMC based fire brigade non-suppression probability model considering uncertainty of parameters

  • Kim, Sunghyun;Lee, Sungsu
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.54 no.8
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    • pp.2941-2959
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    • 2022
  • The fire brigade non-suppression probability model is a major factor that should be considered in evaluating fire-induced risk through fire probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), and also uncertainty is a critical consideration in support of risk-informed performance-based (RIPB) fire protection decision-making. This study developed an optimal integrated probabilistic fire brigade non-suppression model considering uncertainty of parameters based on the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach on electrical fire which is one of the most risk significant contributors. The result shows that the log-normal probability model with a location parameter (µ) of 2.063 and a scale parameter (σ) of 1.879 is best fitting to the actual fire experience data. It gives optimal model adequacy performance with Bayesian information criterion (BIC) of -1601.766, residual sum of squares (RSS) of 2.51E-04, and mean squared error (MSE) of 2.08E-06. This optimal log-normal model shows the better performance of the model adequacy than the exponential probability model suggested in the current fire PRA methodology, with a decrease of 17.3% in BIC, 85.3% in RSS, and 85.3% in MSE. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute to the improvement and securement of fire PRA realism in the support of decision-making for RIPB fire protection programs.

Chromosome Studies on the Cultured Uterine Carcinoma Cells (배양한 子宮癌세포의 염색체에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Yung Sun;Kim, Suk Whan;Lee, Chung Keel
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.29-33
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    • 1970
  • The conclusions established in the present study on the chromosomes in vitro of the uterine carcinomas of Korean women are as follows: 1. The pattern of the distribution of chromosome number in uterine carcinoma cells was quite different from that of normal cells, and modal number of the chromosome was 45 and 46. 2. The frequency of diplochromosomes was 0.053 per cell (5.3%) and that of chromosome aberration was 0.16 per cell (16%), which are significantly higher than each of normal cells. In chromosome aberration types, chromatid and isochromatid deletions (chromatid type) and dicentric (chromosome type) were observed. 3. Idiogram analysis showed a tendency that the number of chromosomes belonging to group F increased while that of chromosomes in groups B and E decreased in total. The number of chromosomes in groups C and G in the hypodiploidy cells decreased, but it increased in the hyperdiploidy cells.

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Effects of Nano-sized Carbon Black on the Lungs of High Fat-diet Induced Overweight Rats

  • Lim, Cheol-Hong;Kang, Mingu;Han, Jeong-Hee;Yun, Hyo-In
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.28
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    • pp.14.1-14.9
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    • 2013
  • Objectives This study was conducted to determine whether nano-sized carbon black exposure results in greater damage in high fat diet-induced overweight rats than normal weight ones and to identify the possible causes of any differences. Methods Two groups of Sprague-Dawley rats allocated by body weight (normal and overweight) were exposed to aerosolized nano-sized carbon black for 6 hours a day, 5 days per week over a 4-week period. Differential cell counts, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and albumin concentrations were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and histopathological findings in the lungs were evaluated. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured in BAL fluid and supernatants of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated lymphocyte culture. Results Rats exposed to high concentrations of nano-sized carbon black showed significantly increased (p <0.05) polymorphonuclear leukocyte number and LDH activity in the BAL fluid from both overweight and normal rats. Mild histopathological changes were observed in normal rats irrespective of carbon black concentrations. However, severe histological scores were found in overweight rats ($1.75{\pm}0.46$, $2.25{\pm}0.46$, and $2.88{\pm}0.35$ after low, medium, and high concentration exposures). Proinflammatory cytokine levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 were significantly higher in the supernatant of LPS-stimulated lymphocytes of overweight rats, whereas there was no significant difference in the BAL fluid between normal and overweight rats. Conclusions Inflammation and damage to lungs exposed to nano-sized carbon black was more severe in high fat diet-induced overweight rats compared to normal rats.

Effects of Normal Saline and Essential Oil Gargling on Bacterial Colonization in Intubated Patients for General Anesthesia (생리식염수와 에센셜오일을 이용한 가글링이 전신마취를 위한 경구 기관 내 삽관 환자의 균집락화에 미치는 영향)

  • Ko, Sang Jin;Na, Yeon Kyung;Hong, Hae Sook
    • Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.123-132
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the effects of gargling using normal saline or essential oil on oral bacterial colonization of the subjects who did transoral endotracheal intubation for general anesthesia. Methods: A repeated measures, non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used in this study. The subjects of the study included 58 people; the gargling group with normal saline (n=19); the gargling group with essential oil (n=20); and the control group (n=19). Data were collected from University hospitals in a Korean province from August 13-31, 2012. The collected data were analyzed with $X^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA and Scheff$\acute{e}$ test using SPSS 19.0. Results: Although statistically significant differences among the three groups did not appear in the change of the aerobic bacterial colony before and after the experiments, the aerobic bacterial colony of the gargling group with normal saline ($71.58{\pm}143.39$) and the group with essential oil ($6.95{\pm}332.07$) have increased less compared to the control group ($145.42{\pm}385.01$). The change of the anaerobic bacterial colony before and after the experiments, the control group was ($167.58{\pm}483.58$) and the gargling group with essential oil was ($169.70{\pm}291.60$) and increased, while the gargling group with normal saline ($-42{\pm}331.09$) reduced, but statistically significant differences have not appeared. Conclusion: These findings indicated that oral gargling with normal saline is effective in reducing anaerobic bacterial colonization.