• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.536-545
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate osteopenia and osteoporosis prevalence of radius and tibia using Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) and to identify affecting factors of osteoporosis. A total of 4,340 women aged 40 - 69 years, living in Ansung (rural) and Ansan (mid-sized) area, and free of illnesses affecting bone metabolism participated in the community-based cohort study. Among them 4,059 subjects measured radius bone density and 4,089 measured tibia. The T-score threshold, defined as < -1.0 and $\le$-2.5, was used to identify subjects with osteopenia and osteoporosis by WHO criteria. The crude prevalence of osteoporosis in radius and tibia was $8.4\%$ and $23.3\%$ respectively; after adjustment for age, it changed $6.3\%$ and $18.8\%$. In simple logistic regression analysis, the prevalence of osteoporosis increased by aging, non-marital status, low education, low income. Otherwise, high intakes of Ca/P, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and vitamin E were decreased osteoporosis prevalence. Compared to the normal BMI (body mass index) group 08.5 $\le$ BMI < 23), the odds ratio (ORs) of the low BMI group (BMI < 18.5), and high BMI groups (BMl25-30, BMI $\ge$ 30) were significantly increased. The OR of osteoporosis decreased across increasing quartiles of intakes of Ca, P and Ca/P. Therefore, maintaining normal BMI and increasing Ca intake and Ca/P ratio may have a beneficial effect on bone health of Korean women.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2014

Background Burn infliction techniques are poorly described in rat models. An accurate study can only be achieved with wounds that are uniform in size and depth. We describe a simple reproducible method for creating consistent burn wounds in rats. Methods Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and dorsum shaved. A 100 g cylindrical stainless-steel rod (1 cm diameter) was heated to $100^{\circ}C$ in boiling water. Temperature was monitored using a thermocouple. We performed two consecutive toe-pinch tests on different limbs to assess the depth of sedation. Burn infliction was limited to the loin. The skin was pulled upwards, away from the underlying viscera, creating a flat surface. The rod rested on its own weight for 5, 10, and 20 seconds at three different sites on each rat. Wounds were evaluated for size, morphology and depth. Results Average wound size was $0.9957cm^2$ (standard deviation [SD] 0.1845) (n=30). Wounds created with duration of 5 seconds were pale, with an indistinct margin of erythema. Wounds of 10 and 20 seconds were well-defined, uniformly brown with a rim of erythema. Average depths of tissue damage were 1.30 mm (SD 0.424), 2.35 mm (SD 0.071), and 2.60 mm (SD 0.283) for duration of 5, 10, 20 seconds respectively. Burn duration of 5 seconds resulted in full-thickness damage. Burn duration of 10 seconds and 20 seconds resulted in full-thickness damage, involving subjacent skeletal muscle. Conclusions This is a simple reproducible method for creating burn wounds consistent in size and depth in a rat burn model.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2018

Tenofovir nanoparticles are novel therapeutic intervention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection reaching the virus in their sanctuary sites. However, there has been no systemic toxicity testing of this formulation despite global concerns on the safety of nano drugs. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the toxicity of Tenofovir nanoparticle (NTDF) on the liver and kidney using an animal model. Fifteen adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats maintained at the animal house of the biomedical resources unit of the University of KwaZulu-Natal were weighed and divided into three groups. Control animals (A) were administered with normal saline (NS). The therapeutic doses of Tenofovir (TDF) and nanoparticles of Tenofovir (NTDF) were administered to group B and C and observed for signs of stress for four weeks after which animals were weighed and sacrificed. Liver and kidney were removed and fixed in formal saline, processed and stained using H/E, PAS and MT stains for light microscopy. Serum was obtained for renal function test (RFT) and liver function test (LFT). Cellular measurements and capturing were done using ImageJ and Leica software 2.0. Data were analysed using graph pad 6, p values < 0.05 were significant. We observed no signs of behavioural toxicity and no mortality during this study, however, in the kidneys, we reported mild morphological perturbations widening of Bowman's space, and vacuolations in glomerulus and tubules of TDF and NTDF animals. Also, there was a significant elevation of glycogen deposition in NTDF and TDF animals when compared with control. In the liver, there were mild histological changes with widening of sinusoidal spaces, vacuolations in hepatocytes and elevation of glycogen deposition in TDF and NTDF administered animals. In addition to this, there were no significant differences in stereological measurements and cell count, LFT, RFT, weight changes and organo-somatic index between treatment groups and control. In conclusion, NTDF and TDF in therapeutic doses can lead to mild hepatic and renal histological damage. Further studies are needed to understand the precise genetic mechanism.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.578-585
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• 2017

Recently, there has been a rise in the number of amphetamine derivatives that serve as substitutes for controlled substances (e.g. amphetamine and methamphetamine) on the global illegal drug market. These substances are capable of producing rewarding effects similar to their parent drug. In anticipation of the future rise of new and similar psychoactive substances, we designed and synthesized four novel amphetamine derivatives with N-benzyl, N-benzylamphetamine HCl (NBNA) substituent on the amine region, 1,4-dioxane ring, ethylenedioxy-amphetamine HCl (EDA), methyl, para-methylamphetamine HCl (PMEA), and naphthalene, 2-(aminopropyl) naphthalene HCl (2-APN) substituents on the phenyl site. Then, we evaluated their abuse potential in the conditioned place preference (CPP) test in mice and self-administration (SA) test in rats. We also investigated the psychostimulant properties of the novel drugs using the locomotor sensitization test in mice. Moreover, we performed qRT-PCR analyses to explore the effects of the novel drugs on the expression of D1 and D2 dopamine receptor genes in the striatum. NBNA, but not EDA, PMEA, and 2-APN, induced CPP and SA in rodents. None of the test drugs have produced locomotor sensitization. qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that NBNA increased the expression of striatal D1 dopamine receptor genes. These data indicate that NBNA yields rewarding effects, suggesting potential for abuse. Continual observation for the rise of related substances is thus strongly encouraged.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2010

Rice is the staple food of more than 50% of the worlds population. Cultivated rice has the AA genome (diploid, 2n=24) and small genome size of only 430 megabase (haploid genome). As the sequencing of rice genome was completed by the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project (IRGSP), many researchers in the world have been working to explore the gene function on rice genome. Insertional mutagenesis has been a powerful strategy for assessing gene function. In maize, well characterized transposable elements have traditionally been used to clone genes for which only phenotypic information is available. In rice endogenous mobile elements such as MITE and Tos (Hirochika. 1997) have been used to generate gene-tagged populations. To date T-DNA and maize transposable element systems has been utilized as main insertional mutagens in rice. A main drawback of a T-DNA scheme is that Agrobacteria-mediated transformation in rice requires extensive facilities, time, and labor. In contrast, the Ac/Ds system offers the advantage of generating new mutants by secondary transposition from a single tagged gene. Revertants can be utilized to correlate phenotype with genotype. To enhance the efficiency of gene detection, advanced gene-tagging systems (i.e. activation, gene or enhancer trap) have been employed for functional genomic studies in rice. Internationally, there have been many projects to develop large scales of insertionally mutagenized populations and databases of insertion sites has been established. Ultimate goals of these projects are to supply genetic materials and informations essential for functional analysis of rice genes and for breeding using agronomically important genes. In this report, we summarize the current status of Ac/Ds-mediated gene tagging systems that has been launched by collaborative works from 2001 in Korea.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.259-266
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• 1994

The study was carried out to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters after intravenous(iv) and intramuscular(im) administration (10mg/kr) in healthy rabbits. The results obtained through the experiments were summarized as follows: 1. Bioassay (Bacillus cereus 11778) was evaluated very useful for the determination of oxytetracycline(OTC) in the rabbit serum and tissues, with the detection limit of $0.125{\mu}g/ml$. 2. The pharmacokinetic profiles of OTC (10mg/kg, iv) in rabbits were best described with a two compartment open model $(C=29.5e^{-4,3t}{\pm}3.6^{-0.2t})$, whereas that of OTC (10mg/kg, im) showed a one compartment curve fitting. 3. Following iv administration, a rapid distribution phase was predominant [$t_{\frac{1}{2}}({\alpha}):1.43{\pm}0.98hr$ (♂), $0.5{\pm}0.1hr$(♀)], and then more slow elimination phase ensued [$t_{\frac{1}{2}}({\beta}):4.52{\pm}0.76hr$(♂), $7.32{\pm}2.52hr$(♀)]. Other computer generated pharmacokinetic values were as follows:C1 [$67.76{\pm}18.59ml/kg/h$(♂), $76.03{\pm}22.98ml/kg/h$ (♀)] Vd [$257.74{\pm}180.47ml/kg$ (♂), $92.33{\pm}23.62$ (♀)] AUC [$25.6{\pm}4.44mgh/L$ (♂), $39.6{\pm}12.13mgh/l$ (♀)]. There were no statistical significance between both sexes for all the parameters at the confidence level of 95%. 4. After im administaration, the absorption from the injection sites was very rapid [ Ka:$0.18{\pm}0.03h^{-1}$ (♂), $0.24{\pm}0.02h^{-1}$ (♀)] followed by a monoexponential elimination fashion. The time to peak blood level (Tmax) were calculated $1.64{\pm}0.15hr$ and $1.34{\pm}0.24hr$, in the male and female, respectively. The peak levels (Cmax) at the corresponding time were $1.69{\pm}0.23{\mu}g/ml$ (♂) and $2.08{\pm}0.16{\mu}g/ml$ (♀), with no statistical differences (p>0.05).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.231-242
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• 1983

A clinical study was performed on 75 cases of the esophageal cancer and benign esophageal diseases experienced at Department of thoracic & cardiovascular surgery, School of Medicine, Keimyung University during 3 year period from 1978 to 1982. Of 75 cases of the surgical esophageal diseases, there were 35 patients of the esophageal cancer. 17 patients of benign esophageal stenosis, 10 patients of esophageal perforation, 4 patients of diverticulum. 3 patients of achalasia, 2 patients of congenital T-E fistula, one of upper esophageal web, one of esophageal foreign body, one of leiomyoma and patient of hemangioma. First, esophageal carcinoma was more frequent in men than in women by a ratio of five to one, and the peak incidence occurred in the 5th to 6th decade. Dysphagia was the most common symptom in 88.6 percent of our cases. The tumor was located mostly in the middle & the lower one third [91.4%]. The histological diagnosis was made in 35 cases. The squamous cell carcinoma was the most common [82.9%] and the rest was the adenocarcinoma in the lower one third [17.1%]. Thirty-five cases were operated and resection was feasible in the twenty-five patients [71.4%] with 2 cases of hospital mortality [5.7%]. All but two of the esophageal stenosis were caused by corrosive esophagitis and ages ranged from 7 to 70 years with average age of 32 years. Corrective operations were performed on 17 patients of esophageal stenosis of whom 12 patients had esophagocologastrostomy, 3 patients esophagogastrostomy and in non-corrosive esophageal stenosis one case and esophagoplasty and another case had release of external compression. There was one complication of stenosis of the esophageal perforation were traumatic in five cases, empyema in three cases, caustics in one case and postemetic in one case. 10 patients of the esophageal perforation underwent operation: primary closure in 5 cases, two staged colon interposition in 2, esophagogastrostomy in 1 and closed thoracotomy in 2 cases There were 2 complications of leakage of anastomosis sites in postoperative period. 4 patients of traction type of diverticulum underwent diverticulectomy & 3 patients of achalasia underwent modified Heller`s operation. 2 patients of congenital esophageal atresia had distal tracheoesophageal fistula & underwent one staged operation with the results of one death caused by pneumonia. Upper esophageal web had divulsion through the esophagoscope and foreign body in upper esophagus was removed through cervical esophagotomy. One case of leiomyoma in esophagus had esophagectomy and reconstruction with right colon. And one case of hemangioma in esophagus had esophagectomy & esophagogastrostomy.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2001

서울시내 25개 자치구에 산재한 약수터에서 5주의 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis를 분리하여 생화학적 특성, 병원성의 유무 및 16S rDNA 분석을 실시하였다. 분리된 Y. pseudotuberculosis는 모두 병원성 유전자인 inv를 소유하고 있었으며, 16S rDNA를 증폭한 후 염기서열을 분석하여 NCBI Genbank에 등록된 다른 Yersinia 속 및 장내세균 등과 비교해 본 결과 Yersinia 속 등과는 97.5%에서 100%의 높은 상동성(Similarity)을 나타내었고, 다른 장내세균 등과는 93.0%에서 95.1%의 낮은 상동성을 나타내었다. 165 rDNA 염기서열을 기초로 계통수를 작성한 결과 크게 3개의 cluster를 형성하였는데 특히 Y.enterocolitica (Z49830)은 Y.pseudotuberculasis (Z21939)와의 상동성(97.7%)보다 Y.intermedia (X75279)와의 상동성(97.9%)이 더 높게 나타났으며, E. coli (Z83205)는 Proteus vulgaris (AJ233425) 와의 상동성(93.2%)보다 Salmonella enteritidis (U90318)와의 상동성(97.7%)이 더 밀접한 연관성을 나타내었다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2009

순복사는 지표와 대기간의 생물학적/물리적 과정을 일으키는 주요 원인이며 순복사에 대한 정확한 정보는 기후 예측뿐만 아니라 수자원관리에 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 실제 순복사 관측을 하는 지점은 매우 적으며 일반적으로 순복사는 단순 경험방정식으로부터 추정된다. 이 연구에서는 한국의 세 개의 다른 식생기능형태(예, 혼합림, 침엽수림, 그리고 농경지)에서 순복사를 추정하는 두 방법을 제시하였다. 첫번째 방법은 순복사와 전천일사의 관계를 선형회귀식으로 나타낸 방법이고 두번째 방법은 복사수지방정식을 사용한 방법이다. 세 개의 다른 식생기능형태에서 관측된 2008년 자료를 두 방법에 적용하여 순복사를 추정하였다. 일년 자료를 사용하여 선형회귀식을 적용한 결과, 전천일사에 대한 순복사의 비율은 혼합림에서는 70%, 침엽수림에서는 79%, 그리고 농경지에서는 64%를 보였다. 이는 다른 식생기능형태에 따라 순복사와 전천일사의 관계가 달라짐을 보였다. 장파복사를 고려한 복사수지 방정식의 경우, 순복사 추정이 다소 향상되었다. 두 방법 모두 관측된 순복사와 추정된 순복사가 잘 일치함을 보였으며 이는 두 방법을 사용하여 순복사를 추정할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.3373-3383
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• 2009

본 연구는 성공적으로 제품 다양성을 증가시키기 위한 신제품 개발 조직의 특성을 분석하는 데 있다. 본 연구는 플랫폼 및 파생제품 개발을 위한 조직의 구조적 특성을 개별적으로 고려하여, 제품군 (product family) 전체의 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는, 조직 내 구성원 및 그룹간의 관계를 규정짓는 3가지 요인(분권화, 공식화, 전문화)과 함께, 개발 관련 조직 간 공간적 근접성 (spatial proximity)을 조직의 구조적 특성을 파악하는 요인으로 사용하고자 한다. 본 연구는 국내 103개 제조업체로부터 수집한 설문응답 분석에 기초하였다. 조직 구조적 특성은 기업의 제품 다양성 정도와 신제품 개발 성과 간의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 본 연구결과는 기존 신제품 개발 조직 연구와 상반되는 몇 가지 결과를 보고 주고 있다. 제품 다양성을 증가시키는 기업에게 있어, 플랫폼 제품 개발 과정의 공식화 및 파생 제품 개발과정의 분권화는 제품군 전체의 성과를 향상시켜 준다. 본 연구는 개발 조직의 공간적 근접성이 성공적으로 제품 다양성을 증가시키는 데 중요한 조직요소라는 것을 증명하였다.