• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2010

Recently, there is a trend to utilize natural dyes in many dyeing fields. In this work, the effects of benzyl alcohol in human hair dyeing with cochineal, a natural dye, was investigated. We investigated the K/S value and color value of dyed hair, water retention of dyed hair, protein release-ability of dyed hair, and wash fastness of dyed hair according to dyeing time and temperature. The shade of dyed hair was reddish. By adding benzyl alcohol in cochineal dyeing, the dyeing rate was increased and the dyeing equilibrium was established at early stage. The water retention of dyed hair was increased and the protein release-ability of dyed hair was decreased, meaning that the hair was less damaged during dyeing, The dyed hair showed a good wash fastness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.3 s.3
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• pp.56-63
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• 2005

In the study of permanent waving method after mixing ample and permanent wave solvent in permanent wave the dyed humans hair are as follows; First, Permanent waving method after mixing ample and permanent wave solvent is that the better effective way in permanent wave the dyed humans hair because permanent waving cycle is constant and hair cuticle is glossy. Second, This study is not interpret in permanent wave dyed humans hair that tensile strength is effect of permanent waving method after mixing ample and permanent wave solvent. A extension degree is effect of permanent waving method after mixing ample and permanent wave solvent use indifferent ample treatment method. Third, Hair cuticle damages are a little permanent waving method after mixing ample and permanent wave solvent in permanent wave dyed humans hair.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.120-131
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• 2006

Recently, it has been reported that chemical hair coloring can cause allergic reactions, the toxicity issue of chemical hair color was issued. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in the hair coloration technique using non-toxic and bio-compatible hair color gotten from natural resource. In this study, the possibility using fermented Indigo as natural hair coloring agent was investigated. Bleached hair samples were dyed using Indigo, and the effect of dyeing frequency, the physical change after dyeing, color, surface and cross-section characteristics, and tensile property were also studied. In addition, the protection property of cationic detergent finishing on damaged hair samples were also studied. The following conclusions are made; 1. While bleached hair samples with low value showed the negligible effect of repeated dyeing, bleached hair samples with high value showed the good effect of repeated dyeing. 2. Hair sample dyed with Indigo showed a high light-fastness, however, tensile strength and elongation showed very low values (high damage on hair sample). 3. Cationic detergent finishing did not affect on the colorfastness because of decoloration after dyeing, however, it increased the smoothness of hair sample, and therefore, can use as protectant of damaged hair. 4. Hair scale was damaged after dyeing. It seemed that the alkali, potassium carbonate, increased pH of dyeing bath to 11, as a result, the hair was swollen, weaken, and dissolved on the prolonged dyeing time. Dyed hair sample became stiff and fine. 5. The color difference was 4.62 (a high fastness value) in the test of sunlight exposure, shampoo, cationic detergent finishing, and acid perspiration fastness.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.250-256
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• 2011

In this work, the effects of surfactant and solvents, such as benzyl alcohol and n-propyl alcohol, on the human hair dyeing with acid dye was investigated including the amount of dyes in hair according to dyeing time, temperature, and pH. And the damage of dyed hair was assessed by water retention, protein release, and SEM images of the dyed hairs. By adding benzyl alcohol in acid dyeing, the dyeing rate was increased and the dyeing equilibrium was established at early stage. The water retention of the dyed hair was increased and the protein release of the dyed hair was decreased. Therefore the hair was damaged less during the dyeing.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.268-275
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• 2017

As the substitute of synthetic coloring materials for hair dyeing, we selected some natural ones of three primary colors such as sappan wood, logwood(red), gardenia blue(blue) and amur cork tree(yellow). Mixed colorants and metallic mordanting technique were used to widen the color space of dyed samples. In view of similarity in morphological and chemical structure, wool was adopted as the reference material for human hair to evaluate the color properties of hair dyeing. The color properties of the dyed samples were evaluated by using CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ and Munsell color systems. The addition of an alum or ferrous mordants was effective to expand the color space of hair and to increase the colorfastness to washing and light more than the rating of 1. Displaying the dyed samples by using Munsell color system, better linearity of hue values between the dyed samples of wool and human hair was shown when alum mordant was used.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 2008

In this study, we compared the stress and tensile strength of the hair treated with oxidative permanent dye with those of virgin hair. We investigated the fine structure of the hair section after the tensile test using scanning electron microscopy. The tensile strength of the virgin hair was measured as $14.66\;g/cm^2$, tensile energy was $108\;erg/cm^2$, and the maximum stress was 146.64g. Those of the dyed hair were $13.69\;g/cm^2$, $89.62\;erg/cm^2$ and 136.90 g, respectively. The differences in the tensile strength, the tensile energy and the maximum stress were $-0.97\;g/cm^2$, $-18.38\;erg/cm^2$, -9.74 g, respectively, which showed that the dyed hair had less elasticity and strength than the virgin hair. In the scanning electron microscopy investigation of the damaged hair after the tensile test, lift-off of the cuticle outer layer were shown in both virgin hair and dyed hair, which was more severe in the dyed hair than the virgin hair. Adjacent cuticular cells of the cuticle layer were separated by the destruction of intercellular membrane complex. The macrofibrils were exposed and separated from the cortex torn by tensile strength.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.5 no.2 s.13
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• pp.5-11
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• 2007

The results of study for colorless hair manicure, which is well known for its useful point and supplement damaged hair glossy, luster, elastic and soft one are as follows. Hair protection effect by the management time of colorless hair manicure products, as below. When it comes to dyed hair group's hair surface condition. both level 3 and level 6 hairs cuticle changed to be irregular. And lose of cuticle has been observed with a fact that the space between cuticles are not clear. In case of manicuring, manicuring 2 weeks after dyeing is better complemented surface damage than manicuring right after dyeing. So, in case of making cuticle morphologic of good hair quality in manicuring dyed hair, it's more effective to manicure right after dyeing to both level 3 and level 6 hair.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.45-57
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• 2006

In the previous study, african marigold petals extract was valued as an excellent natural yellow dye because of its distinguished reactivity with various mordants and color fastness. In this study, we were studied on effect of absorbed metal ion by after-treatment of mordants on the color and fastness in human hair and wool fiber dyed with african marigold petals extract because the proteinic and cellulosic fiber were very well dyed. The dyed human hair showed better dyeing ability in the color fastness than wool fiber on tests of light, wash and perspiration. The absorbed metal ion concentration of mordanted human hairs were 1 or 5 times higher than wool fibers. However, excess of absorbed metal ion haven't consistent effect on K/S and surface color. Human hairs dyed using african marigold extract and mordanted with Al, Sn, Cu and Fe were showed various reddish yellow color groups and good dyeing ability on african marigold extract.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.553-562
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• 2008

These days hair perm and dye is a modern trend that women prefer to create their own image and personality. However, chemicals for hair perm and dye are easy to damage hair. This study, then, is to find out some effective skills to minimize hair damage when hair perm and dye is done in a same time. The subjects were 200 hairs picked from five healthy women in their twenties which have not been permed and dyed since one year and more ago. The experimental group was divided into two groups: 1)the perm- nutritional treatment- dye (PNT) group 2)the dye- perm- nutritional treatment(DPN) group. After experiments, the states of "hair scale", "hair damage", and "color tone in dyed hair" were compared between two groups. The results are as follows: to lessen hair damage when hair perm and dye is done in a same time, nutritional treatments must be necessarily used on hair. To make hair colored more clearly when hair dye is done, it is more desirable to use nutritional treatments on hair.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2020

To overcome the harmful effects caused by conventional oxidative hair dyes, natural colorants becomes more popular in the hair dyeing. By extracting Sagassum fusiforme powders with aqueous alkaline solution as a solvent at 130℃ for 60 minutes, a fucoxanthin concentration of up to 216㎍/ml can be obtained. UV/Vis analysis was used to prove the presence of fucoxanthin in the extract powder. A K/S value of 23.8 can be obtained when wool fabrics were dyed with the extract at 120℃ for 60 minutes under pH 2. The color fastness properties of the dyed wool fabrics were very good as indicated by rating 4 for laundering(color change), rating 3 or higher for rubbing, and rating 5 for light irradiation. The dyed wool fabric was found to have antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the Sagassum fusiforme extract can be an effective functional hair colorant. Hair dyeing with the extract formulation at 45℃ for 40 minutes under pH 5 accomplished a K/S value of 8.9. The color fastness of the dyed hair showed rating 3 against light irradiation, which increased to rating 5 with after-mordanting of tannin acid.