• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.382-388
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• 2019

Objective : The primary aim of this investigation was to explore the nature of dura mater biomechanics following the introduction of puncture defect(s). Methods : Twenty-eight dura mater specimens were collected during autopsy from the department of forensic medicine of the authors' institution. Specimens were divided randomly into one of four groups : group I (cranial dura mater; n=7), group II (cranial dura mater with one puncture defect; n=7); group III (cranial dura mater with two puncture defects; n=7), and group IV (cranial dura mater with three puncture defects; n=7). Results : The mean${\pm}$standard deviation tensile strengths of the dura mater were $8.35{\pm}3.16$, $8.22{\pm}3.32$, $7.13{\pm}1.77$, and $6.94{\pm}1.93MPa$ for groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively. There was no statistical difference between all groups. A single, two or more punctures of the dura mater using a 20-gauge Quincke needle did not affect cranial dura tensile strength. Conclusion : This biomechanical study may contribute to the future development of artificial dura mater substitutes and medical needles that have a lower negative impact on the biomechanical properties of dura mater.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.744-752
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• 2005

Many craniofacial and neurosurgical procedures rely on cranial bone as a bone graft. In the majority of instances, the bone heals and gives good results. But we found that if either the dura or the pericranium were missing adjacent to the cranial bone, bone absorption would be increased. We studied a single animal model, investigating the contribution of the dura and the pericranium in the process of cranial bone absorption. The animals were divided into four groups of each five animals depending on the differential blockade of the dura and/or the pericranium by silastic sheet. Bilateral $100-mm^2$, parietal bone flaps were harvested from mature rabbits. Animals were humanely killed after 12 weeks, and histomorphometric analysis was performed. The volume maintenance is as follows; Group I; 89.0%, Group II; 80.0%, Group III; 63.3%, Group IV; 52.4%. The weight maintenance; Group I; 87.1%, Group II; 79.4%, Group III; 61.6%, Group IV; 51.1%. The histological contribution of living bone; Group I; 92.9%, Group II; 85.6%, Group III; 71.1%, Group IV; 56.2%. Significantly increased bone absorption occurred in Group II, III, IV compared with Group I. Conclusions are: 1. Cranial bone absorption is effected by both the dura and the pericranium. 2. The dura is more important than the pericranium in preventing cranial bone absorption. 3. The dura to be the source of central cranial bone and the pericranium to be the source of peripheral cranial bone.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1996

Human Dura mater treated by various processes was used to restore small periodontal defects, large bony defects for improvement of new bone formation, and soft tissue defects and replace the disc of TMJ, etc.. Tutoplast Dura is the solvent-preserved Human Dura mater and sterilized by gamma radiation. In our department, Tutoplast Dura was implanted in 32 patients, from 1994, 6 to 1995, 7. We implanted the Tutoplast Dura at 11 various cysts, 6 implantations, 4 fractures, 3 clefts, 2 TMJ disease, 2 maxillary sinusitis, etc.. We performed the retrospective study about the purpose of Tutoplast Dura implantation, postoperative complication and histologic examination of biopsy specimen at implant second surgery.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.89-92
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• 2011

Purpose: Electrical burn of scalp is uncommon. Much more, chronically exposed dura in unstable burn scar is quite exceptional. Hence, we report a case of chronically exposed dura following electrical burn. Methods: A 63-year-old man presented with an about 40 years history of an ulcerative lesion arising from electrical burn scar with 'squeeze like sensation' around wound. Wound was about $6{\times}8$ cm. Area in the center was $3{\times}3$ cm nonviable dura without sequestrum. Tangential excision with an intraoperative neurosurgical consultation and transposition flap under general anesthesia was done. Intraoperative biopsy was done. The wound was diagnosed as chronic osteomyelitis, not Marjolin ulcer. Flap was taken successfully. But after 5 days, infectious discharge had been appeared during 2 weeks, despite irrigation and drainage. As flap was re-evaluated, we could see remnant necrotic dura. After that, latissimus dorsi muscle free flap with meshed split thickness skin graft was transferred without excision of necrotic dura. Results: Flap was taken successfully. Follow-up at 10 weeks has been uneventful, with good and stable coverage of the wound. Conclusion: It is true that complete excision of devitalized tissue with sagittal sinus obliteration is prerequisite to flap taken. But necrotic dura was tangentially excised instead of total dura excision, because, posterior two-thirds of the sagittal sinus was involved underneath. Muscle is rich in blood vessels and decrease the recipient-site bacterial count effectively. In this case, muscle flap with skin graft without total dura excision is an alternative treatment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.635-642
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• 2019

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical differences between human dura mater and dura mater substitutes to optimize biomimetic materials. Methods : Four groups were investigated. Group I used cranial dura mater (n=10), group II used $Gore-Tex^{(R)}$ Expanded Cardiovascular Patch (W.L. Gore & Associates Inc., Flagstaff, AZ, USA) (n=6), group III used $Durepair^{(R)}$ (Medtronic Inc., Goleta, CA, USA) (n=6), and group IV used $Tutopatch^{(R)}$ (Tutogen Medical GmbH, Neunkirchen am Brand, Germany) (n=6). We used an axial compression machine to measure maximum tensile strength. Results : The mean tensile strengths were $7.01{\pm}0.77MPa$ for group I, $22.03{\pm}0.60MPa$ for group II, $19.59{\pm}0.65MPa$ for group III, and $3.51{\pm}0.63MPa$ for group IV. The materials in groups II and III were stronger than those in group I. However, the materials in group IV were weaker than those in group I. Conclusion : An important dura mater graft property is biomechanical similarity to cranial human dura mater. This biomechanical study contributed to the future development of artificial dura mater substitutes with biomechanical properties similar to those of human dura mater.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.735-741
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• 2013

Background The prosthetic dura is an essential element in the protection of the cranial parenchyma and prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Although prosthetic dura are widely used in neurosurgery, they occasionally provoke infection, which can be a major concern after neurosurgical treatment. However, removal of the prosthetic dura carries a risk of brain parenchyma injury and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The salvage of infected prosthetic dural material has not been adequately addressed in the literature. In this study, we demonstrate the value of the combination of a meticulous surgical debridement of necrotic tissue and simultaneous muscle free flap for intractable postoperative epidural abscess without removal of the infected prosthetic dura. Methods Between 2010 and 2012, we reviewed the data of 11 patients with persistent infection on the prosthetic dura. The epidural infections each occurred after a neurosurgical procedure, and there was soft tissue necrosis with the disclosure of the underlying prosthetic dura and dead bone around the scalp wound. To salvage the infected prosthetic dura, meticulous debridement and a muscle free flap were performed. Results All 11 patients experienced complete recovery from the complicated wound problem without the need for further surgical intervention. No signs of prosthetic dural infection were observed during the mean follow-up period of 11 months. Conclusions The combination of a meticulous surgical debridement and coverage with a muscle free flap is an effective treatment for salvage of infected prosthetic dura.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2016

PURPOSE. Grinding with less stress on 3Y-TZP through proper selection of methods and instruments can lead to a long-term success of prosthesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the phase transformation and physical properties after zirconia surface grinding with 3 different grinding burs. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Forty disc-shaped zirconia specimens were fabricated. Each Ten specimens were ground with AllCeramic SuperMax (NTI, Kahla, Germany), Dura-Green DIA (Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan), and Dura-Green (Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan). Ten specimens were not ground and used as a control group. After the specimen grinding, XRD analysis, surface roughness test, FE-SEM imaging, and biaxial flexural strength test were performed. RESULTS. After surface grinding, small amount of monoclinic phase in all experimental groups was observed. The phase change was higher in specimens, which were ground with Dura-Green DIA and AllCeramic SuperMax burs. The roughness of surfaces increased in specimens, which were ground with Dura-Green DIA and AllCeramic SuperMax burs than control groups and ground with Dura-Green. All experimental groups showed lower flexural strength than control group, but there was no statistically significant difference between control group and ground with Dura-Green DIA and AllCeramic SuperMax burs. The specimens, which were ground with Dura-Green showed the lowest strength. CONCLUSION. The use of dedicated zirconia-specific grinding burs such as Dura-Green DIA and AllCeramic SuperMax burs decreases the grinding time and did not significantly affect the flexural strength of zirconia, and therefore, they may be recommended. However, a fine polishing process should be accompanied to reduce the surface roughness after grinding.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 2009

Purpose: Artificial dura maters are commonly used in cranioplasty, but sometimes they can result in serious postoperative infection. Once complications such as epidural abscess or chronic draining ulcer arise, they are very difficult to treat. In this case, reclosure of dura defect using artificial dura mater may give rise to recurrence of infection. We experienced a case of intractable epidural abscess caused by use of artificial dura. To avoid repeated infection, we decided to use autologous tissue for the coverage of dura and soft tissue defect. Therefore, autologous tensor fascia lata graft and anterolateral thigh free flap were harvested at the same donor site incision to cover composite defect on the scalp and dura mater. Methods: A 13 year old male patient, who underwent the decompression cranioplasty and duroplasty, suffered from the intractable infection lesion. Twice, the epidural abscess was removed, both times the infection recurred. And eventually dura mater was exposed through the infected open wound. Nine months after dura exposed, infected aritificial dura mater was removed and extensive debridement was performed. Through a surgical incision on donor thigh, first, tensor fascia lata graft was harvested in process of the anterolateral thigh flap elevation. After the fascia lata graft was fixed over the dural defect, the anterolateral thigh flap was used to fill the dead space as well as the scalp defect. Results: Postoperatively, no recurrent infection and cerebrospinal fluid leakage are observed for a year. After the surgery, on the first and second day, venous congestion of the flap was observed, this problem was solved by thrombectomy and vein reanastomosis. And partial necrosis of flap occurred, but completely healed as conservative treatment for two weeks. Conclusion: Using the autologous tensor fascia lata graft and anterolateral thigh flap, we could obtain satisfactory results as treatment for the intractable infection lesion after duroplasty. Autologous tensor fascia lata in conjunction with anterolateral thigh flap is useful method for covering composite defect of scalp and dura mater.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.355
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• pp.48-50
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• 2022

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.479-493
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• 1997

There are various treatment methods including barrier membranes in attaining periodontal regeneration and regaining the function of destructed periodontal tissues due to periodontal disease. Barrier membranes consist of non-Resorbable and resorbable types such as Dura mater and $Guidor^{(R)}$ used in the treatment of intrabony defects and classII furcation defects have been shown to be effectively increased the amount of new bone and cementum.In our study we used premolars with class III furcation defects created by removing the bone 4mm apically from CEJ in adult dogs and placed resorbable membrane Dura mater and $Guidor^{(R)}$ for the test group and flap operation was carried out for the control groups. The effect of membrane on junctional epithelium, alveloar bone, cementum, and gingival connective tisssue in the regeneration and healing potential of periodontal tissues was evaluated and healing results were evaluated histologically and histometrically 8 weeks following the surgical procedure. 1. In the clinical observation, there was no exposure of furcation defects in the control group, whereas slight membrane exposure was noted in the test group. 2. New bone was formed up to the level of the notch in the control group, whereas in the test group new bone formation was observed above the level of the notch. 3. New cementum was formed in both groups of the experiment. 4. The connective tissue observed between the new cementum and new bone in the test group were functionally orientated, compared to the irregular formation of connective tissues found in the control group. 5. Root resorption or ankylosis was not observed in any of the groups 6. The mean and median of the control group were 4.31% and 2.23% and for the Dura mater group were 27.85% and 15.57% respectively. There was no significant difference between Dura mater and the control group. 7. The mean and median of the control group were 4.31% and 2.23% and for the $Guidor^{(R)}$ group were 37.27% and 37.19% respectively. There was a significant difference in these two groups(P$Guidor^{(R)}$ were 37.27% and 37.19%. There was no significant difference between the two test groups. Thus, by using Dura mater and Guidor in classIII furcation defects, the predictable amount of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone regeneration may result.