• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.411-417
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• 2020

In this study, we introduce a Na β"-alumina composite thick film as a solid electrolyte, to reduce the resistance of electrolyte for a Na/S battery. An alumina/zirconia composite material was used to enhance the mechanical properties of the electrolyte. A solid electrolyte of about 40 ㎛ thick was successfully fabricated through the conversion and tape-casting methods. In order to investigate the effect of the surface treatment process of the solid electrolyte on the battery performance, the electrolyte was polished by dry and wet processes, respectively, and then the Na/S batteries were prepared for analyzing the battery characteristics. The battery with the dry process performed much better than the battery made with the wet process. As a result, the battery manufactured by the dry process showed excellent performance. Therefore, it is confirmed that the surface treatment process of the solid electrolyte has an important effect on the battery capacity and coulombic efficiency, as well as the interface reaction.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.148-152
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• 2020

The quantitative accuracy of dry rehydratable film method was compared with the standard culture method to analyze the applicability of dry rehydratable film in the total aerobic bacteria test for water. The materials used in this study were 500 cases of water and were tested according to the Korean official test method for drinking water. The mean value of the total aerobic bacteria in plate count agar(PCA) and MC-Media Pad AC(MAC) were 2.6 ± 1.1 Log cfu/mL and 2.6 ± 1.2 Log cfu/mL. The p value and correlation coefficient(R²) were 0.933 and 0.9985 between the PCA and MAC, respectively, indicating no significant difference and very high correlation. According to the water types, the p value and R² were 0.887 and 0.9911 in the PCA and MAC. In the purified water, the p value was 0.973 and R² was 0.9934 in the PCA and MAC of other water. In each type of water, there were no significant differences between the PCA and MAC, and the correlation was very high. Thus, it is suggested that the MAC would be available for total aerobic bacteria test for water.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.14
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• pp.94-108
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• 1993

The cultural properties of cloth are of animal orgin (silk), or of vegetable orgin(cotton, hemp, ramie). As clothes are of an orginic material, they were subjected to damage by chemical, phisigical or biological factors, viz, moulds insects, lights, humidity and temperature changes, etc. And these factors promote that clothes generally result from various types of deterioration. In 1992, We were performed the conservation treatments for total 9 pieces of cloth, such as 3 pieces of General PAK SHIN-RYONG(Important Folklore Material No.110) 3 pieces of Madam Jung(Important Folklore Material No.115) and 1 piece of King Se-jo(Important Folklore Material No.219). The procedure of the conservation treatment for clothes describe the following below. 1) The washing and dry-cleaning to remove the contaminated substances from cloth was used 0.2% stearyl potassium soap solution and the mixture solution compound of n-Hexane, C6H14. and n-Decane, C10H22. And after the washing and dry-cleaning, the dry of clothes was carried out in a warm condition. These steps were repeated in 2 times over for each cloth. 2) The repair of clothes was attached the similar textiles to stronger fabric linings by needlework.3) The reprodution was made for cloth of King Se-jo to equalize the type, color, quality and skill of materials. 4) After these above procedures, all clothes fumigated to prevent the biodeterioration by using the mixed gas of methyl bromide and ethylene oxide as insecticide and fungicide. 5) Finally for the purpose to keep in a safety long-term condition, the treated clothes sealed with Biaxially Oriented Polyvinylacohol Film(BO-PVA film) and Helium, purity 99.999%, filled up in sealed BO-PVA film bag.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.11-16
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• 1997

The wastewater resulted from the process of developing and fuing for x-ray film manufachlring contains a lot of silvercomponent. The average concentation of silver-component is about 1,500 mgA. The wastewater contained silver-component is toxic when it is discharged to the natural ecosystem. So that we must to do pretreatment of wastewater prior to discharge. There are electrolysis. chemical precipitation, and metallic replacement as conventional lreabent proccss of fixer wastewater of x-ray film. Adsorption of silver-component in x-ray fkcr wastewater was carricd out this study. 'Ille manganese dioxide (MDO) reagent and the recovered manganese dioxide (RMDO) from the waste dry-cell were used for adsarbents. Adsorption of silvercomponent was wrried out at the batch and continuous type experimental equipment. The adsorption experiment results were obtained bom silver-component have some diifcrences according to adsorhents. The adsorption results of manganese dioxide reagent (MDO) were better ihan those of waste dry-ccU (RMDO), but the manganese dloxide recovered fmm waste dry-cell (RMDO) will be able la recognized as good adsorbent too.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.475-483
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• 2015

In Korea, a typically hot and humid summer means that air-conditioners consume a large quantity of electricity; accordingly, the simultaneous usage of an indirect evaporative cooler may reduce the sensible-heat level and save the amount of electricity that is consumed. In this study, the heat-transfer and pressure-drop characteristics of an indirect evaporative cooler made of paper/plastic film were investigated under both dry and wet conditions; for the purpose of comparison, an indirect evaporative cooler made of plastic film was also tested. Our results show that the indirect evaporative efficiencies under a wet condition are greater than those under a dry condition, and the efficiencies of the paper/plastic sample (109% to 138%) are greater than those (67% to 89%) of the plastic sample; in addition, the wet-surface, indirect evaporative efficiencies of the paper/plastic sample are 32% to 36% greater than those of the plastic sample. Further, the wet-surface pressure drops of the paper/plastic sample are 13% to 23% larger than those of the plastic sample, and this might have been caused by the surface roughness of the samples. A rigorous heat-transfer analysis revealed that, for the plastic sample, 30% to 37% of the wet channels remained dry, whereas all of the channels were wet for the paper/plastic sample.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.12-22
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• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this study is to review the trend of clinical trials conducted with the intradermal acupuncture treatment on dry eye syndrome. Methods : Through 4 foreign online databases(PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and CNKI) and 3 domestic online databases(NDSL, RISS, and OASIS), we searched for clinical studies performed acupuncture treatment for dry eye syndrome from 2000 to 2020. Only randomized controlled trials(RCT) were selected and analyzed with the research method. Results : A total of 4 studies were reviewed. Cuanzu(攢竹, BL2), Taiyang(太陽, EX-HN5), and Sibai(四白, ST2) were the most frequently used acupoints in the studies. Among the evaluation indexes, Schirmer I test(SIT), tear film break-up time(BUT) were the most frequently used outcomes. In the most of the 4 studies, intradermal acupuncture treatment showed significant therapeutic effects for dry eye syndrome. Conclusions : These results suggest that it is necessary to develop more detailed standards for intradermal acupuncture treatment method as the method of intradermal acupuncture is getting more diverse, and objective tools are needed to evaluating dry eye syndrome.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2022

Preparing various types of thin films of oxide semiconductors is a promising approach to fabricate efficient photoanodes and photocathodes for hydrogen production via photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of an efficient photocathode for PEC water reduction of a p-type oxide semiconductor cupric oxide (CuO) thin film prepared via a facile method combined with sputtering Cu metallic film on fluorine-doped thin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate and subsequent thermal oxidation of the sputtered Cu metallic film in dry air. Characterization of the structural, optical, and PEC properties of the CuO thin film prepared at various Cu sputtering powers reveals that we can obtain an optimum CuO thin film as an efficient PEC photocathode at a Cu sputtering power of 60 W. The photocurrent density and the optimal photocurrent conversion efficiency for the optimum CuO thin film photocathode are found to be -0.3 mA/cm² and 0.09% at 0.35 V vs. RHE, respectively. These results provide a promising route to fabricating earth-abundant copper-oxide-based photoelectrode for sunlight-driven hydrogen generation using a facile method.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.294-300
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• 2005

Contents of total aerobic bacteria, coliform, Escherichia coli, yeast, mold, and Staphylococcus aureus in meat, dairy, and fishery products were analyzed by dry rehydratable film method using 3M $Petrifilm^{TM}$ and compared against those obtained through conventional method. Two methods showed high correlations of 0.990-0.999, 0.975-0.999, 0.979-0.987, 0.978-0.984, and 0.999 for total aerobic bacteria, yeast and mold, coliform, E. coli, and S. aureus, respectively; therefore, dry rehydratable film method using 3M $Petrifilm^{TM}$ offers acceptable alternative to conventional method for enumeration of microorganisms in meat, dairy, and fishery products.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.191-201
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• 2016

Purpose: In the present study, the effect of artificial tears with different ingredients on tear film stability and subjective symptoms of dry eyes in the early stage of soft contact lenses wear was investigated. Methods: The three kinds of artificial tears and saline solution were respectively applied onto 50 dry eyes which wore soft contact lenses made of etafilcon A. Then, non-invasive tear film break-up time (NIBUT) was measured at every five minutes for 30 minutes right after the instillation of artificial tears, and the changes in blink rate and subjective symptoms were estimated after 30 minutes from the instillations. Results: All three kinds of artificial tears increased NIBUT larger than saline. The effect of increasing NIBUT immediately after the instillation of artificial tears was the largest when the artificial tear containing viscosity enhancer was used. The duration time of the effect was the longest when the artificial tear having both surfactant and viscosity enhancer was applied. The blink rate was not significantly changed when both artificial tears and saline solution were instilled. Subjective symptoms were significantly improved by the instillation of both artificial tears and saline solution and dryness, irritation, tiredness, stiffness, dazzling were improved by the use of most solutions. However, the subjective symptoms were rebounded to the level before the instillation of artificial tears after 30 minute-instillation. Conclusions: It was revealed that both artificial tears and saline solution could improve the subjective symptoms of dry eye in the early stage of soft contac lenses however, the effect of these solutions on the tear film stability was different according to the components. From the results, it is suggested that the proper selection of artificial tears is necessary for the improvement of dry eye symptoms at the early stage of soft contact lenses wear in dry eye.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.237.2-237.2
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• 2011

SAW-ED를 이용하는 박막공정 기술을 통하여 나노레벨의 SWCNT 와 PEDOT의 thin film 및 hybrid화된 film구조를 얻을 수 있었다. SWCNT와 전도성고분자와의 hybridization을 통해 균일상의 표면 morphology를 갖는 고전도성 투명 필름을 제작하고, 이들의 전기광학적 성질을 확인하였다. SAW-ED를 이용하는 박막공정 기술은 나노입자 및 나노구조물의 박막화 패턴화를 포함하는 새로운 deposition 기술로서의 응용성을 가지고 있으며, 본 연구에서는 SWCNT와 전도성고분자를 이용하여 이를 확인하였다.