• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1109-1115
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• 2004

This study was investigated the residual contents of sulfur dioxide on the 373 kinds of herbal medicine distributed from Korea, China, and Japan. A modified Monier-Williams method was described for the determination of $SO_{2}$ contents in herbal medicines. The residual contents of $SO_{2}$ were not detected at 221 products$(59.8{\%})$ in total 373 products. Regardless of region, $SO_{2}$ contents were not found at Farfarae Flos, Zizyphi Spinosi Semen, Castanea crenata, and Strychni Ignatii Semen. But it's found at Asparagi Radix, Codonopsitis Radix, Lilii Bulbus, and Kaempferiae Rhizoma of every region collected the samples. Also, $SO_{2}$ contents were not detected at the herbal medicines which collected cultural fields of dometic. $SO_{2}$ contents ranged 11$\~$3990 mg/kg(mean 152 mg/kg) at domestic samples, 11$\~$3440 mg/kg(mean 603 mg/kg) at imported samples. After treated with water wash and hot water extraction, the reduction rates of sulfur dioxide were appeared with $24.4{\%}\~68.7{\%}\;and\;83.8{\%}\~100.0{\%},$ respectively. These data will be used to establish a criteron of residual sulfur dioxide in herbal medicines.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1039-1044
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• 2007

We investigated the residual contents of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) on the 280 kinds of herbal medicines distributed at 8 cities including in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Jecheon, Yeongju, Geumsan and Jeonju in Korea. The residual contents of $SO_2$ were determinated by modified Monier-Williams method. The residual contents of $SO_2$ were not detected at 206 products in total 280 products. However, it was detected below 100 ppm in 39 products, between 101 and 1000 ppm in 30 products and exceeded 1000 ppm in 5 products. $SO_2$ contents ranged 11 ${\sim}$ 2339 mg/kg (mean 293 mg/kg) at domestic samples distributed. Regardless of region, $SO_2$ contents were not found at Notopterygii Rhizoma, Ligustici Scinensis Rhizoma et Radix, Bombyx Batryticatus, Coicis Semen, Cnidii Rhizoma, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Gardeniae Fructus, Alismatis Rhizoma. But it's found at Batatatis Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix and Codonopsitis Radix of every region collected the samples. $SO_2$ contents were not detected at 58 products which collected cultural fields of dometic. After treated with water wash and hot water extraction, the reduction rates of sulfur dioxide were appeared with 14.3% ${\sim}$ 40.4% and 55.2% ${\sim}$ 100.0%, respectively. These data will be used to establish a criteron of residual sulfur dioxide in herbal medicines.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the contents of residual solvents and mineral components(11 kinds) in ginseng extracts with different extracting conditions(5 types) and commercial ginseng extract products(domestic, imported). Fine root was extracted with solution having various ethanol concentration after hexane treatment. Among 5 type extracts, residual solvent(hexane) was detected ginseng extracts treated ethanol mixed with hexane. But extracts that dried after soaked in hexane wasn't detected hexane. Mineral components(Al, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) were detected in fine root and 5 types of extracts. The contents of mineral components between fine root and extracts with various extracting conditions were similar, however, extracts that dried after soaked in hexane showed the lower amount in Al, Fe, Pb than the others. In comparison with commercial ginseng ex-tract products(domestic, imported), the distribution pattern of mineral was similar but the contents were a little different.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 1998

Low toxicity, reverse thermal gelation and high drug loading capabilities suggest that poloxamer 407 gels have great potential as a topical drug delivery system. Kojic acid (KA) is an antimelanogenic agent which has been widely used in cosmetics to whiten the skin color. However, it has the drawbacks of skin irritancy due to its acidic pH. Poloxamer gels of different polymer contents were formulated to overcome the problem and compared to the cream type formulations of either w/o/w multiple emulsion cream or o/w type emulsion cream. Using Franz diffusion cells mounted with a synthetic cellulose membrane (MWCO 12,000), drug release characteristics of the formulations were evaluated by the HPLC assay of KA concentration in the receptor compartment of pH 7.4 phosphate buffered saline solutions. Drug release from w/o/w multiple emulsion cream was controlled by oil membrane, showing the apparent zero order release kinetics. The KA release from the poloxamer gels was also controlled by the gel matrix, showing that drug release increased linearly as KA contents increase, but decreased exponentially as the polymer contents increase. In the skin irritancy test, the primary irritancy index(PII) of poloxamer gel base was lower than those of multiple emulsion cream base and o/w cream. Depending on KA contents or polymer contents in the gel. PH values in poloxamer gels were ranged from 1.3 to 2.0, which are interpreted as low or negligible irritation on skin. There was a good correlation between the log value of flux in drug release and PII value in skin irritation. It was possible to conclude that the poloxamer gels containing KA might be a good candidate for an antimelanogenic topical delivery system by virtue of the controlled release of the drug and the reduced skin irritancy.

• 약학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to construct database for a drug safety information website to serve as an access point of up-to-date resources for a wide variety of drug-safety information helping patients and healthcare professionals make well-informed decisions about medication use. All the contents developed were confirmed by the council of advisors who were the experts in drug safety. The detailed contents of database on frequently prescribed drug including 9 NSAIDs, 19 antibiotics, 24 cardiovascular, 21 metabolic, 14 respiratory, 20 digestive, 22 hormonal, 10 genitourinary, 10 anti-allergic, 27 antifungal/antiviral, and 71 neuropsychiatric agents were developed based on the approved drug labeling of the Korean FDA. A separately searchable database of drug-specific safety information for patients and health professionals was constructed for users in need of different depth of knowledge on using medications safely. The safety information on highly prevalent chronic diseases and drug classes was also developed. Finally the most recent global drug safety news was provided. The consumer directed information was developed in layman's terms as means of proving user-friendly information. The creation of this type of website is part of the Korean FDA's ongoing initiative to address and promote the safe use of medications for the public.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.234-241
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• 2019

의약품을 사용할 때 나타나는 부작용은 국민의 건강을 크게 위협할 수 있다. 현재 의약품 부작용에 대한 보고가 매우 미흡한 것이 현실이다. 이에 현재 약국에서 사용하고 있는 의약품 사용평가(DUR:Drug Utilization Review)에 의약품 부작용 보고를 연계하게 된다면 활성화될 수 있다. 의약품 사용평가가 활성화되어 있는 미국 의약품 관리 체계 연구를 통해 의약품 부작용 보고 활성화 방안을 찾을 수 있다. 약국에서 의약품 관리 프로그램으로 사용되는 'Pharm IT 3000'에서 의약품 부작용 보고의 활성화 방안을 연구해 보았다. 문헌연구와 실제 프로그램 운영 방식 연구를 통해 Pharm IT 3000 처방 조제 현황 항목에 의약품 사용평가를 연동시켜 부작용 보고가 편리하게 되는 방안을 찾게 되었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.418-422
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• 1998

Aim of this work is to prepare poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles by dialysis method without surfactant and to investigate drug loading capacity and drug release. The size of PLGA nanoparticles was 269.9 $\pm$118.7 nm in intensity average and the morphology of PLGA nanoparticies was spherical shape from the observation of SEM and TEM. In the effect of drug loading contents on the particle size distribution, PLGA nanoparticles were monomodal pattern with narrow size distribution in the empty and lower drug loading nanoparticles whereas bi- or trimodal pattern was showed in the higher drug loading ones. Release of clonazepam from PLGA nanoparticles with higher drug loading contents was slower than that with lower loading contents.

• 폴리머
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.535-542
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• 2002

투석법을 이ctide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) 나노입자를 제조하고 다양한 용매에 따른 입자 크기, 약물 함유량, 생분해도 등과 같은 물리ㆍ화학적 특성을 조사하였다. Dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)로 제조된 PLGA 나노입자의 크기는 acetone으로 제조한 입자보다 적었다. 또한, 약물 함유량은 DMAc>DMF>DMSO=acetone 순서였다. PLGA 나노입자는 scanning electron microscopy (SEM)과 transmission electron microscopy (TEM)의 측정으로 구형임을 알 수 있었다. 계면활성제를 사용하지 않는 나노입자에 봉입된 norfloxacin (NFx)은 X-ray diffraction 분석을 통하여 입자 표면에 약물을 가지지 않는 좋은 약물 봉입 효율을 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 모델약물로 사용된 NFx의 방출속도는 약물 함유량뿐만 아니라 입사크기에 의해 좌우된다. 또한 PLGA 나노입자의 분해속도는 아세톤보다는 DMF를 사용하였을 때 더 빠르며 이는 PLGA 나노입자의 생분해성도 입자크기에 좌우된다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.523-526
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• 2004

본 연구는 우리나라에서 유통되는 과일류 중 유해중금속 함량을 파악하여 각국의 모니터링 및 기준과 비교함으로써 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 9종(386건)의 과일류에 대하여 4개 금속(Hg, Pb, Cd, As) 함량을 수은은 Mercury Analyzer로 납, 카드뮴, 비소는 습식분해 후 ICP 및 AAS로 분석하였다. 본 연구결과로부터 알아 낸 국내에서 유통되는 과일류 중 유해중금속 평균함량은 Hg 0.001 mg/kg, Pb 0.013 mg/kg, Cd 0.006 mg/kg, As 0.017 mg/kg으로 외국에서 보고된 결과와 유사한 수준이었다. 또한 우리나라 국민이 과일류를 통해 섭취하는 수은, 납, 카드뮴 등 유해중금속량은 FAO/WHO에서 설정한 잠정주간섭취허용량(PTWI)의 약 1-2% 수준으로 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.688-696
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• 2021

본 연구는 한국과 일본의 약물중독에 대한 서비스 전달체계를 비교하여 한국의 약물중독 대책에 시사점을 제공하는 것이 목적이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위한 연구방법은 공적자료를 바탕으로 자료를 수집했으며 수집된 자료의 분석은 국가 간 차이법을 이용하였다. 연구결과 한국과 일본은 약물중독 대처에 표면상으로는 유사한 시스템으로 중독자와 그의 가족을 지원하고 있었지만, 차이점 또한 발견되었다. 한국은 약물중독 대처만을 위한 기구가 없으며, 단약이 어렵고 재발이 쉬운 중독임에도 불구하고 지속적인 원조가 미흡하다는 점이 발견되었다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 제안으로 첫째, 약물중독만을 위한 대처가 필요 둘째, 통합적인 서비스 전달체계 안에서 긴밀하고 상호보완적인 연계 셋째, 치료와 재활에 대한 지속성과 적절성이 필요, 넷째, 예방 교육의 콘텐츠가 필요함을 제언했다.