• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.1819-1824
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• 2013

This study tried to explore the determinants of health of the youth in Korea. Especially, it explored how the socio demographic characteristics and delinquent behaviors factors of the Korean youth affect their health. This study used the 2009 Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior On-line Survey for this purpose. It selected 35,668 cases of senior high school students from the raw data and conducted a secondary data analysis. This study conducted frequency analysis, t-test, F-test, and regression analysis. Gender, living with parents, economic status, school type, academic record, internet addiction, problem drinking, drug use were significantly determinants of the health of the youth. Findings may be used for improving health of the Korean youth.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.481-490
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• 2005

Nitrate contamination in water system is a critical environmental problem caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer and concentration of livestock. In order to prevent further contamination, therefore, it is necessary to understand the origin of nitrate in nitrogen loading sources and manage the very source of contamination. The objective of this study was to examine the nitrate contamination sources in different agricultural system by using nitrogen isotope ratios. Groundwater and runoff water samples were collected on a monthly basis from February 2003 to November 2003 and analyzed for nitrogen isotopes. The nitrate concentrations of groundwater in livestock fanning area were higher than those in conventional and organic fanning area and exceeded the national drinking water standard of 10mg N/ l. The ${\delta}^{15}N$ranges of chemical fertilizer and animal manure were - 3.7${\sim}$+2.3$\textperthousand$ and +12.5${\sim}$26.7$\textperthousand$, respectively. The higher ${\delta}^{15}N$ of animal manure than those of chemical fertilizer reflected isotope fractionation and volatilization of '''N. The different agricultural systems and corresponding average nitrate concentrations and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values were: conventional farming, 5.47mg/e, 8.3$\textperthousand$; organic fanning, 5.88mg/e, 10.1$\textperthousand$; crop-livestock farming, 12.5mg/e, 17.7%0. These data indicated that whether conventional or organic agriculture effected groundwater and runoff water quality. In conclusions, relationship between nitrate concentrations and ${\delta}^{15}N$ value could be used to make a distinction between nitrate derived from chemical fertilizer and from animal manure. Additional investigation is required to monitor long-term impact on water quality in accordance with agricultural systems.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.971-977
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• 2013

This study tried to investigate the relationships between demographic characteristics and delinquent behaviors factors of the Korean high school students and their level of stress. The 2009 Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior On-line Survey data was used for this study. It selected 35,668 cases of senior high school students from the raw dataset and conducted a secondary data analysis. Frequency analysis, t-test, F-test were conducted for this study. Gender, living with parents, economic status, school type, grade, academic record, internet addiction, problem drinking, smoking were significantly associated with their level of stress. Findings may be used for coping with stress among the Korean senior high school students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.319-329
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adolescent's family function, impulsive behavior, stress on the bullying types. Method: Data were collected from 627 adolescents and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS 18.0. Results: The bullying types (injurer and victim) correlates with family function, impulsive behavior and stress. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed emotional reactivity, non-planning impulsiveness, friends related stress, experience of drinking (yes), experience of parent depression problem (yes), explained 34.1% of the total variance in bully injurer. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed communication, motor impulsiveness, friends related stress, gender (male), grade (junior high school), explained 30.9% of the total variance in bully victim. Conclusion: The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data in providing a better understanding of adolescents' bullying, in preventing bullying and in developing an intervention program.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.333-341
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• 2014

To supply substitution water, $2m^3$ of capacity of rainwater harvesting system is designed calculating rainfall, catchment area and LPCD and has a effects to 34.4% of substitution water supply and 237 days of service day. Rainwater of drinking water quality was judged to be suitable except for bacteria problem, however, groundwater is exceeded in nitrate nitrogen, the evaporation residue and also bacteria, which means that the rainwater is suitable for use as water supply. In addition, to consider cost-benefit ratio, economic analysis conducted. The result is that B/C ratio of RWHS (10 years) is 1.70. It means total benefit is bigger than cost. Except to social factor in this study, there are a variety of benefit such as flood or drought prevention, educational effects inspiring water conservation awareness.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

Manure recycling as fertilizer is one of solutions for the environmental problem related with livestock manure treatment as well as the ocean dumping ban act prohibiting manure disposal to the ocean. For the manure disposal, forest area can be a candidate place because the area has a wide range of applicable sites. However, the manure application to the forest has a possibility of causing environmental impacts including water quality problems due to nutrient loading. Therefore it is necessary to investigate water quality impact from manure disposal to the forestry plantation. In this study, ground and soil water quality had been monitored in the bio-circulation experimental forest where low concentration liquid manure (LCLM) was applied. Soil and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed weekly from April to October in 2008 and 2009. The mean and variation of NO3-N concentration in soil water of LCLM treatment places showed higher concentration than the reference places declining during growing season. In the case of groundwater from monitoring well in the downstream of disposal site, the $NO_3$-N concentration was 3.59 mg/L in 2008 and 3.26 mg/L in 2009 in average showing higher concentration than the reference well although the concentration was not exceed the national drinking water standard. To investigate the source of nitrate, $\delta^{15}N$ isotope analysis was also implemented. Its result showed that the LCLM application could be the nitrate source requiring further long-term monitoring soil and water quality.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.26
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• pp.131-168
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• 1997

The future of a country is influenced by the youth. Sound fostering of the youth is important for the country's future. Because of mechanization, industrialization and urbanization of our society, many social problems, such as confusion of the sense of value, dehumanization, money worshi n.0, ppings, juvenile delinquency are increasing. For the solution of problems of juvenile crime and dehumanization, bibliotherapy should be practiced in juvenile reformatories, schools and societies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and value of reading. And also the characteristics, brief history, principles and procedures of bibliotherapy are examined. In addition, the book catalog suitable for bibliotherapy is considered. The results of the study are as follows. (1) In order to solve the problem of dehumanization, and the confusion of the sense of value among young adults, we should enrich and cultivate the characters of young adults through the bibliotherapy. So, bibliotherapy for the treatment of human nature of juveniles should be practiced in the juvenile reformatories, schools and societies. (2) The values of reading in the past were inspiration, information and recreation. But, in recent times, the interest in therapeutic value of reading is increasing. (3) Bibliotherapy is a kind of psychotherapy using selected reading materials. A n.0, pplication scopes of bibliotherapy are very wides, including mental medicine, alcoholic poisoning, drug addiction, juvenile delinquency, counselling and education for school life, etc. (4) The principles of bibliotherapy consist of identification, catharsis, insight and it has self therapeutic principles through the reading. The procedures of bibliotherapy is similar to any other kind of psychotherapy: the participant's statement, diagnosis, treatment, continuous recognition of remedial value. (5) The well suited reading materials for bibliotherapy are literature and biography. Literature and biography are familiar to everyone, because they describe the mentalities, emotions and life styles of human beings. (6) The standard reading lists for bibliotherapy for the proper guidance of juvenile delinquency should be prepared for the solution of developmental tasks, such as, drinking, smoking, friendship, family, love, money, marriage, pregnancy, violence, etc. Finally, Bibliotherapy should be introduced to our school settings and corrections institutions for the proper guidance and prevention of the malpractice of the youths. In addition, we should be endeavor to develop the standard reading lists for bibliotherapy and case study.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2018

Purpose: The present study aimed to review the characteristics of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) programs for alcohol use disorders and to examine the outcomes of such programs. Methods: We searched for domestic and foreign studies that implemented a CBT program for alcohol use disorders, published from 2006 to 2017. Studies that met inclusion/exclusion criteria were selected and a quality assessment was performed using the Risk of Bias (RoB) and Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies (RoBANS) instruments. We utilized a five-stage analysis process, through which nine experimental studies were selected. Results: Of these nine studies, four were randomized controlled trials, four used a quasi-experimental design, and one used a qualitative design. The CBT involved the three domains of cognitive reconstruction, problem solving, and coping. Coping with drinking situations and communication constituted most of the sessions. The outcomes of such interventions showed that CBT had a positive effect on alcohol use and self-evaluation. Conclusion: CBT is an effective way to change alcohol use behaviors, motivation, interpersonal relationships, emotional control, and self-efficacy among patients with alcohol use disorders. This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of CBT-based programs for the treatment of alcohol use disorders.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2017

Objectives It is well known that problem drinking is associated with alterations of brain structures and functions. Brain functions related to alcohol consumption can be determined by the resting state functional connectivity in various resting state networks (RSNs). This study aims to ascertain the alcohol effect on the structures forming predetermined RSNs by assessing their cortical thickness. Methods Twenty-six abstinent male patients with alcohol dependence and the same number of age-matched healthy control were recruited from an inpatient mental hospital and community. All participants underwent a 3T MRI scan. Averaged cortical thickness of areas constituting 7 RSNs were determined by using FreeSurfer with Yeo atlas derived from cortical parcellation estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. Results There were significant group differences of mean cortical thicknesses (Cohen's d, corrected p) in ventral attention (1.01, < 0.01), dorsal attention (0.93, 0.01), somatomotor (0.90, 0.01), and visual (0.88, 0.02) networks. We could not find significant group differences in the default mode network. There were also significant group differences of gray matter volumes corrected by head size across the all networks. However, there were no group differences of surface area in each network. Conclusions There are differences in degree and pattern of structural recovery after abstinence across areas forming RSNs. Considering the previous observation that group differences of functional connectivity were significant only in networks related to task-positive networks such as dorsal attention and cognitive control networks, we can explain recovery pattern of cognition and emotion related to the default mode network and the mechanisms for craving and relapse associated with task-positive networks.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2017

High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used as sweetener, and its overconsumption is become a major health problem. In the present study, we used adult female rats and applied a 28 days HFCS feeding model to monitor the estrous cycle and changes in tissue weights and histology. Adult female rats were divided into three groups. Animals were fed with ad libitum normal chow and (1) 24 hours tap water (Control group), (2) 12 hours HFCS access during dark period and 12 hours tap water (12H group), and (3) 24 hours HFCS only access (24H group). Total exposure period was 28 days. There is no significant change in body weight between control and HFCS-fed animals. Both absolute and relative weights of ovary in 24H animals were significantly heavier than those in control or 12H animals. The absolute and relative weights of the kidney and liver in 24H groups were significantly heavier than those in control or 12H animals. The estrous cycles of the 24H animals were significantly longer. Histological analyses revealed that 24H ovaries were relatively bigger and possessed more corpus lutea than control ovaries. Uterine sections of 12H and 24H animals showed a well-developed stratum vasculare between inner and outer myometrial layers. The number of endometrial glands were decreased in 12H uteri, and recovered in 24H uteri compared to control. Numbers of convoluted tubule in distal region increased in 12H and 24H kidney samples. Liver specimens of 12H and 24H showed the increased number of fat containing vacuoles. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that HFCS treatment for 28 days could induce (1) changes in length of estrous cycle with extended estrous and diestrous stages, (2) altered ovarian and uterine histology, and (3) liver and renal lipid accumulation. These findings reveal the adverse effects of HFCS drinking on the reproductive function and lipid metabolism of female rats.