• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.375-379
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• 1998

Some Physico-chemical properties of korean red pepper seed oil were evaluated to find available method to utilize red pepper seeds used as useful cooking oil resources. Samples of red pepper seeds used as oil meterials were native, improved species and they were named such as NS (native spicies dried under sunlight), IS (improved spicies dried under sunlight), NF (native spicies dried by heating), and IF(improved spicies dried by heating), respectively. Moisture, ash, crude protein and crude fat contents of all red pepper seeds were 6.6%∼7.7%, 3.3∼3.5%, 18.25∼19.4% and 26.8∼27.5% in all samples, showing the specially high crude fat and crude protein content in NS. Capsaicin contents in crude red pepper seed oils were shown from 0.06 to 0.08% but after refining process, capsaicin contents were mostly tossed as 0∼0.006%. The types of tocopherol found in crude and refined red pepper seed oils were ${\gamma}$-, ${\alpha}$-, $\delta$-analogues, the amount of total tocopherol in IF was 2.10 mg/g oil which were the highest value of all red pepper seeds. In all red pepper seeds oils main fatty acids were linoleic acid (68∼70%), palmitic acid (14∼16%), oleic acid (10∼11%), and linolenic acid were extemely small amounts. The specific gravity (SG) 0.916∼0.919, refractive index (RI) 1.4724, acid value (AV) 0.26∼0.36, peroxide value (POV) 0.73∼1.19 and Iodine value (IV) 134.35∼134.92 were measured in all red pepper seed oils.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2004

Characteristics of good-quality red pepper powder produced using $N_{2}$-circulated low-temperature drying method were compared with those made through conventional sun and hot-air drying methods. Kimchi and kochujang were prepared with different types of red pepper powder, and their physicochemical and sensory properties were compared. Results revealed Hunter L (lightness), a (redness), and b (yellowness) values of $N_{2}$-circulated low temperature-dried red pepper were highest. Absorbance of crude capsanthin in hot air-dried red pepper powder ($0.584{\pm}0.001$) was significantly lower than sun-dried ($0.848{\pm}0.001$) and $N_{2}$-circulated low temperature-dried products ($0.832{\pm}0.002$. Use of $N_{2}$-circulated low-temperature drying method resulted in the highest amounts at reducing sugar and total vitamin C. Capsaicin content of $N_{2}$-circulated low temperature-dried products were higher than hot air-dried ones. The aL values of kochujaug made with sun-and low temperature-dried red peppers were higher than that of kochujang made with hot-dried red peppers. Physicochemical and sensory evaluation results showed red pepper powders made using $N_{2}$-circulated low-temperature drying method have the best quality among all samples tested.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.288-292
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• 2008

To save cost and time in Kimchi manufacture, the use of raw red-pepper paste and device-mashed vice materials, in place of dried red-pepper powder, was examined. Two kinds of Kimchi were prepared: One with dried red pepper powder and device-not mashed vice materials and the other with raw red pepper paste and device-mashed vice materials. Then pH, total acidity, total viable cell counts, total lactic acid bacteria and sensory characteristics were evaluated. Comparisons of the two Kimchis, indicated that changes in pH, total acidity, the total number of viable cells and total lactic acid bacteria were similar between the two groups. The acceptability score of the Kimchi made using the raw red pepper paste and device-mashed vice materials was slightly lower than that of Kimchi made using the dried red-pepper powder. This color was indistinctly changed since the vice materials were mashed and mixed. In conclusion, the results indicate that when manufacturing Kimchi using device-mashed vice materials, Kimchi of better quality can be made by adding dried red-pepper powder.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2011

The fermentation and quality characteristics of kimchi, made by adding different types of red pepper (semi-dried red pepper, fresh red pepper, dried red pepper) according to drying conditions, were examined for 15 days at $10^{\circ}C$ fermentation. The initial pH was approximately 5.65~5.72 in all groups, and the pH decreased with increasing fermentation time. The color value of a/b showed the highest in kimchi that made with semi-dried red pepper (SDRP-K). The color value of A remained at the initial level for 9 days, regardless of treatments. The color value had a tendency to decrease after 9 days. The lactic acid bacteria increased rapidly during 6 days of storage, but showed no difference among groups. The initial contents of malic acid and succinic acid were in 3.23~4.52 and 6.12~7.97 mg/mL and decreased during fermentation in all groups. The lactic acid and acetic acid were not contained in the beginning, but increased with increasing fermentation periods. The vitamin C content of SDRP-K was 5.20 mg/g, which was significantly higher compared with kimchi that made with dried red pepper (DRP-K), but which did not show any significant difference to kimchi that made with fresh red pepper (FRP-K). As a result of antioxidant activity in optimally ripened kimchi, both $DPPH^+$ and $ABTS^+$ scavenging activities were higher in SDRP-K than any other groups. As a result of the sensory evaluation, overall acceptability was highest in SDRP-K.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2018

Purpose - Unstable vegetable prices have been one of the major concerns in Korean agricultural and food marketing system. The Korean government has implemented a number of policy instruments, including government purchasing programs in order to alleviate fluctuations in vegetable prices. The economic impact of policy instruments has been assessed based on the average monthly price change rate before and after the implementation of the policy. However, this approach failed to provide a net impact of policy measures on price stabilization in the vegetable markets, as policy impacts could not be successfully distinguished from other effects on price changes in the vegetable market. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the net impact of the government purchasing program on the price volatility of dried red pepper which is considered one of the major vegetables in Korea. Research design, data, and methodology - This study develops a monthly dynamic partial equilibrium model of Korean dried red pepper market. Behavioral equations in the model were estimated by OLS and synthetic method based on the annual and monthly time series data from 1993 to 2015. The model is first simulated to yield actual dried red pepper market conditions in 2015 as a baseline and then compared it to the scenario assuming that there were no government purchases of dried red pepper in 2015. Results - According to the ex-post scenario analysis using the developed model, without the government procurements in 2015, the average monthly price change rate and the value of coefficient of variation of dried red pepper in 2015 would be respectably 7.9 percent and 0.10. It is relatively higher than the actual average monthly price change rate and the value of coefficient of variation of dried red pepper in 2015 which were respectively 1.7 percent and 0.06. Conclusions - The ex-post simulation results in this study shows that if there were no government purchases of dried red pepper in 2015, the dried red pepper market would have had much higher volatile price movements. The results of this study would provide useful information for future price stabilization policy of vegetable markets in Korea.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.482-489
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• 1996

건고추를 통고추와 분말고추로 구분하고 감마선 조사기법을 이용, 포장재별(통고추; PC 마대 및 PE/PC 마대, 분말고추; NY/PE - laminated film) 및 저장온도별 품질 안전성 시험을 수행하여 위생화와 장기 안전저장성을 검토하였다. 건고추(통고추)는 실온조건에서 6개월 저장후 기존의 PC마대로 단독포장한 경우에 중량변화, 해충발생, 변색, 성분변화 등의 품질열화로 상품가치를 완전 상실하였으나, PE/PC병용포장후 5-7.5 kGy 범위의 감마선 조사는 실온에서 2년간 장기 안전저장이 가능하였다. 7.5-10 kGy 조사된 분말고추에서도 실온 및 저온($5-10^{\circ}C$)에서 2년간 저장동안 양호한 위생적, 이화학적, 관능적 품질을 유지하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.69-73
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• 1975

고추의 열풍건조방법(熱風乾燥方法)이 품질(品質)에 미치는 영향을 연구한 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1. 절단건조(切斷乾燥)의 경우 생기는 부분적(部分的)인 탈색(脫色)은 묽은 염산의 처리로 방지(防止)할 수 있었으며 염산처리가 capsaicine 함량(含量)에는 별 영향(影響)을 주지 않았다. 2. 건조온도(乾燥溫度)는 고추의 capsanthin 함량(含量)에 영향을 주어 온도(溫度)의 상승은 capsanthin 함량(含量)의 감소(減少)를 초래(招來)하였다. 건조방법(乾燥方法)에 있어서 절단건조(切斷乾燥)고추는 원형건조(原形乾燥) 고추보다 capsanthin 함량(含量)이 높았고 장기(長期) 저장 후의 외관적색도(外觀赤色度)가 원형건조(原形乾燥)에 비하여 높았다. 또한 $60^{\circ}C$에서 절단건조(切斷乾燥)를 하면 일광건조(日光乾燥)보다 오히려 높은 capsanthin 함량(含量)을 보였다. 3. 건조온도(乾燥溫度)는 capsaicine 함량(含量)에는 별로 큰 영향이 없었으나 건조방법(乾燥方法)에 따라서는 상당한 차이를 보여 절단건조(切斷乾燥)의 경우 원형건조(原形乾燥)에 비하여 $20{\sim}30%$의 capsaicine 감소(減少)가 있었다. 한편 원형건조(原形乾燥)고추는 일광건조(日光乾燥)고추보다 높은 capsaicine 함량(含量)을 보였다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2021

Dried red peppers are frequently contaminated with mycotoxins during storage. To determine the effect of storage environments on fungal occurrence and subsequent mycotoxin accumulation in dried red peppers, we monitored red pepper powder and whole fruit samples for fungal occurrence under various temperatures and relative humidity (RH) conditions during 340 days. Fungal occurrences fluctuated in both pepper forms throughout the storage but they were higher in pepper powder than whole one, higher under low temperatures (-20℃, 0℃, or 4℃) than others (10℃, 25℃, or 30℃), and higher under RH 93% than RH 51% and 69% in both peppers. The samples exhibiting high fungal occurrences were associated mainly with dominant species such as Aspergillussydowii, Penicillium solitum, P. roqueforti, P. polonicum, or P. chrysogenum. Mycotoxigenic species, including A. flavus, A. ochraceus, A. westerdijkiae, A. tubingensis, and P. citrinum, were also detected throughout the samples. Although mycotoxins were not detected in the samples, mycotoxigenic potential of A. flavus, A. ochraceus, and A. westerdijkiae isolates were confirmed. These results show that low temperatures (-20℃, 0℃, or 4℃) and/or high surrounding RH (>93%) are not safe environments for storage of dried red peppers as fungal growth can occur under these conditions.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.329-333
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• 2003

Fruits of 'Manita', a red pepper cultivar, and 'HL', a cultivar bred for single-harvest, cultivated by direct sowing method were harvested simultaneously. The red fruits were freeze-, sun-, indoor-, hot-air $(65^{\circ}C)$, and excessive hot-air (50% longer time) dried. For Manita. ASTA values of freeze- and indoor-dried red pepper were the highest $(153.6{\sim}168.4)$, and those of sun- and hot air-dried ones were $119.2{\sim}131.5$. Excessive hot-air drying decreased the redness by about $9{\sim}15%$ compared to normal hot-air drying. For HL, ASTA values $(150.3{\sim}171.7)$ of indoor-dried red peppers were much higher than other dried peppers. Red pigment in HL was destroyed easily during sun drying, showing values of only $49.2{\sim}69.2$. By excessive hot-air drying, the redness did not decrease, compared to normal hot-air drying. The organic acid contents of both cultivars were higher in sun- and hot-air-dried ones than freeze- and indoor-dried ones. Copsaicinoid contents of both cultivars decreased up to 22% by excessive hot-air drying compared to normal hot-air drying. Sugar contents were lower in all drying methods other than freeze drying for both cultivars.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.262-271
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• 1989

Red pepper is one of the most important agricultural products in Korea. Generally, raw red pepper is dried after harvest and the dried red pepper is powdered. Washing process is necessary to produce clean powder before powdering process. This study, therefore, was performed to analyze the drying characteristics of the rewetted red pepper and the energy utility during hot-air-convective and infrared-radiant drying. Drying effectiveness, De, was defined for the analysis of energy utility in this study, and its value was determined according to the energy source. Infrared-radiant drying was more favorable than convective drying according to drying effectiveness. But the temperature variation was appeared between the radiant surface and opposite surface of red pepper in infrared-radiant drying.