• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.156-157
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• 2008

• 약학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.163-166
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• 1977

To establish a convenient quantitative method for dammarane glycosides in Korea ginseng, the ginseng roots harvested at the cultivation areas of Ga Pyeong, Geum San and Jeung Pyeong were dried, powered, extracted with methanol and hydrolyzed. The ginseng root obtained at Gang Hwa was divided into three parts: main root, laterial root and cortex, and then these were treated in the same manner as the above. The various hydrolysates thus obtained were subjected to the analysis by an instrument coupled with flame ionization detector. The results showed that panaxadiol contents in the ginsengs of the three different cultivation sites were similar. However, the lateral root of Gang Hwa ginseng was found to contain the largest amount of panaxadiol among the three parts of ginseng. This method of the analysis for panaxadiol in ginseng was found to be one with relative rapidity and ease.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to compare the color and microstructure of powder, redness, brownness, and antioxidative activity in extruded ginseng, white ginseng and red ginseng extracts. The colors of extruded dry ginseng powder (moisture content 30%, barrel temperature $110^{\circ}C$, and screw speed 200 rpm) were similar to those of red ginseng. Intact cell wall structure was examined in dried root ginseng at $70^{\circ}C$ (A), white ginseng with skin (D), white ginseng without skin (E), and red ginseng (F) under a scanning electron microscope. The cell wall was not detected in samples B and C (dry ginsengs extruded with 25% and 30% moisture contents, respectively). Intact starch granules were detected in samples A, D, and E under a scanning electron microscope. Melted starch granules were detected in samples B, C, and F. Colors (L, a, b) of 50% EtOH extracts were similar in samples C and F. Browniness and redness of extracts were high in extruded dry ginseng and red ginseng extracts. Extruded dry ginseng (B) showed higher electron donation ability and phenolic content than the other samples.

• 생약학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum conditions for extraction of soluble acidic polysaccharides from ginseng marc. Method of carbazole-sulfuric acid was applied to determine the amount of acidic polysaccharides in ginseng marc. The amounts of soluble acidic polysaccharides in water extract of ginseng marc were increased with increasing extraction temperature. The contents of acidic polysaccharides were not significantly different despite the extraction time increasing from 0.5 hours to 6 hours. To estimate the rehydration rate of the freeze dried polysaccharide, the extracted acidic polysaccharide fraction powder was determined the amount of soluble acidic polysaccharides by carbazole-sulfuric acid method again. The rehydration rate of acidic polysaccharides from water-extract of red ginseng marc at room temperature was 100%. On the other hand, the rehydration rate of acidic polysaccharide of red ginseng marc at boiling temperature was about 50%. The rehydration rate of acidic polysaccharides from water-extract of white ginseng marc at room temperature was 50%. The rehydration rate of acidic polysaccharide of red ginseng marc at boiling temperature was about 40%. The rate of soluble acidic polysaccharide of Red Ginseng is higher than that of White Ginseng. We can find out the maximum extraction method of soluble acidic polysaccharide from ginseng marc.

• 생약학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.39-43
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• 1983

Polyamine constituents of fresh Panax ginseng root and dried white ginseng were extracted with 5% trichloroacetic acid, respectively. The isolation of polyamine constituents was conducted by the cation exchange chromatography using $Dowex-50W{\times}8$ resin and the detection was performed with TLC. Identification of the polyamine was carried out by the methods of IR, NMR, MS spectroscopy and GLC. Polyamine constituents of white and fresh ginseng root were identical and composed of five different polyamines. The major polyamine in white and fresh ginseng root was determined as putrescine.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2017

Background: The chemical constituents of Panax ginseng are changed by processing methods such as steaming or sun drying. In the present study, the chemical change of Panax ginseng induced by steaming was monitored in situ. Methods: Samples were separated from the same ginseng root by incision during the steaming process, for in situ monitoring. Sampling was sequentially performed in three stages; FG (fresh ginseng) ${\rightarrow}$ SG (steamed ginseng) ${\rightarrow}$ RG (red ginseng) and 60 samples were prepared and freeze dried. The samples were then analyzed to determine 43 constituents among three stages of P. ginseng. Results: The results showed that six malonyl-ginsenoside (Rg1, Rb1, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rb2) and 15 amino acids were decreased in concentration during the steaming process. In contrast, ginsenoside-Rh1, 20(S)-Rg2, 20(S, R)-Rg3 and Maillard reaction product such as AF (arginine-fructose), AFG (arginine-fructose-glucose), and maltol were newly generated or their concentrations were increased. Conclusion: This study elucidates the dynamic changes in the chemical components of P. ginseng when the steaming process was induced. These results are thought to be helpful for quality control and standardization of herbal drugs using P. ginseng and they also provide a scientific basis for pharmacological research of processed ginseng (Red ginseng).

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2006

증숙단계별 고려홍삼의 조직학적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 시료는 6년근 고려인삼을 60분, 120분동안 증숙한 후 수분함량을 $13{\pm}0.5%$ 까지 건조 후, 수직 수평으로 절단하였다. 조직은 표피, 피층, 목질부로 구분하여 주사전자현미경으로 비교 관찰하였다. 증숙 없이 건조된 시료는 세포막이 유지되고 그 안에 전분입자의 결정성이 유지되어 있었다. 반면에 증숙시간이 연장될수록 호화 후 건조에 따른 수축으로 인하여 조직이 치밀하여지고, 세포조직 사이의 도관, 수지관 등의 동공 및 세포막의 구분이 없어진 것이 특징이었다. 또한 수산화칼슘 족정은 증숙시간 60분 이상에서는 발견되지 않았다. 이러한 원인은 내용성분이 호화 된 후 건조로 인해 조직이 수축되기 때문으로 생각된다. 이로서 증숙단계에 따른 홍삼 조직의 분명한 특성을 비교 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1988년도 학술대회지
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• pp.147-150
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• 1988

망내계에서 강한 탄소제거 활성을 나타내는 다당류를 Panax식물속에서 조사하였다. 건조한 P. notoginseng 에서 sanchinan-A라는 활성을 지닌 다당류를 분리하였다. Sanchinan-A의 분자량은 약 1,500,000 D 정도로 추정되며 6번 산소위치에 가지가 있는 $\beta$-D(1-3)-galactan 구조를 가지고 있다. 3개의 glactosyl units에 2개 정도의 빈도로 6번산소위치에 주로 $\alpha$-L-arabionfuranosyl이 있으며 일부는 $\beta$-galactopyranosyl-(1-6)-$\beta$-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-$\beta$-D-galactopyranosyl 가지가 있다. 건조한 P. japonicus의 근경에서도 활성을 지닌 몇가지 다당류가 분리되어 그 구조가 규명되었다. 건조한 P. ginseng의 뿌리에서는 강한 활성을 지닌 몇가지 다당류가 분리되었다. 이들 화합물의 구조는 현재 구명중이다. 홍삼의 물 추출물에서는 활성을 보이지 않았으나 투석한 분획에서는 현저히 망내계기능을 강화시켰다. 그러나 이러한 활성도는 분리과정에서 소실되었다. 이러한 사실로 보아 인삼중에서는 활성물질을 안정화 시키는 어떤 물질이 그 분획중에 존재하기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.951-956
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to prepare black ginseng and evaluate its antitumor activity. In order to achieve such aim, 5 year fresh ginsenges were steamed at 95'E for 3 hr in pottery apparatus and dried at $60^{\circ}C$ for 12-36 hr. This process was repeated again nine times in same condition. Among the ginseng saponins in black ginseng, the amount of Ginsenoside $Rg_3$ was examined by HPLC. 10.05 mE of Ginsenoside $Rg_3$ was obtained from 1 g of dried black ginseng prepared. The extract of black ginseng exhibited stronger cytotoxic activity against MCF-1, HT-1080 and Hepa 1C1C7 tumor cell lines in vitro than the extract of red ginseng. Also, the extract of black ginseng exhibited stronger antitumor activity(33%) in BDFl mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma cells(LLC) than the extract of red ginseng(23%). From these results, it was concluded that Black ginseng had antitumor activity suggesting its application for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 1979

The effects of ginseng extracts on carbon dioxide generation, alcohol fermentation, and yeast cell production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated. The results are as follows. 1) In the process of fermentation, CO2 generation by yeast is faster in ginseng extracts media of 0.3%, 0. l% than in control. As the concentration of the extracts increases by 0.7% and 1.5%, CO2 generation is decreased. Among all these concentrations, CO2 generation is fastest in 0.3% of the extracts. 2) In the process of fermentation, the production of alcohol is larger in the order of 0.3%, 0.7% and 0.1% than in the control and least in 1.5%. 3) The number of yeast cell rapidly increased from 12 hours to 18 hours after cultivation and conspicuously increased in the order of 0.3%, 0.7%, 0.1%, control and 1.5%. 4) Dried yeast cell weight increased more in all the above concentration than control and among these it increased visibly in 0.3% of the extracts.