• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study is to present the basic data required for effective communication by identifying the effects of communication within the hospital organization on organizational conflict and organizational performance. Methods: For this study 298 medical workers and general administrative staff working in small and medium hospitals were selected. Results: Upward and downward communication had a negative effect on individual conflict and on upward, and horizontal communication between individuals. Likewise, horizontal communication had a negative effect on conflict between groups. Upward, downward, and horizontal communication are defined based on organizational performance. It has been shown to affect. Conclusions: In order to improve conflict management and performance within hospital organizations, effective communication plans appropriate to the situation and targets have to be developed.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2009

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to find the ground why constitution must be classified into 4 types. 2. Methods I analysed the basic presuppositions to class 4 Type Constitution in Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). And I connected the presuppositions with other theories from the viewpoint of directional properties of human body. 3. Results and Conclusions The most important presupposition to class 4 Type Constitution and apply to clinical therapy in SCM is that there is native strength and weakness of lung's Exhale Dispersing Qi, liver's Inhale Gathering Qi, spleen's Ascending Yin Qi and kidney's Descending Yang Qi. If there is superior tendency of Qi flow direction in human body, 6 directions(upward, downward, forward, backward, outward and inward) will be remarkable. But, in embryonic period, the outer skin is originated from the back(ectoderm) and the alimentary canal is from the front(endoderm). Therefore 4 directions(upward, downward, outward and inward) will be more remarkable, and those directions are included in the former presupposition.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 2014

This paper considers a reverse supply chain with simultaneous recovery of used products and manufacturing of brand-new ones. Recovered products are downgraded and have to be sold in a market different from that of brand-new products at a different price. In case of a shortage of recovered product inventory, a brand-new item, if available, can be offered at the price of a recovered product. In other words, one-way demand substitution is allowed. We address the joint decision of when to manufacture brand-new product, when to recover returned product, and how to control demand substitution to maximize the hybrid production system's profits. To this end, we propose a Markov decision Process model and investigate the structure of the optimal policy. Performance comparison is numerically implemented between the models with and without downward demand substitution option under different operating conditions of the system parameters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.199-202
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• 2014

In recent years the downtown, Top-down method has been applied in a major method to solve the complaints due to noise, vibration, dust and safety issues such as cracking due to settlement when the excavation close to the building. Until it is installed underground permanent foundation, the Pre-founded Column is a pile foundation as well as a column to bear the upper construction load. The Pre-founded Column is constructed by PRD method generally. The EnP(Enlarging Pile) method can be expanded locally boring diameter of the embedment zone as compared to the PRD method existing general. Since the bearing capacity is increased by the boring diameter is expanded, the embedment length is reduced, the construction cost is reduced.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2759-2764
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• 2008

Turbulent mixed convection in heated vertical annulus is investigated using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) technique. The objective of this study is to find out the effect of buoyancy on turbulent mixed convection in heated vertical annulus. Downward and upward flows with bulk Reynolds number 8500, based on hydraulic diameter and mean velocity, have been simulated to investigate turbulent mixed convection by gradually increasing the effect of buoyancy. With increased heat flux, heat transfer coefficient first decreases and then increases in the upward flow due to the effect of buoyancy, but it gradually increases in downward flow. The mean velocity and temperature profiles can not be explained by the wall log laws due to the effect of buoyancy, too. All simulation results are in good quantitative agreement with existing numerical results and in good qualitative agreement with existing experimental results.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 2010

Air curtains are widely used for gates of shopping mall, warehouse, cold stores and refrigerated display cabinets. The purpose of the air curtain is to reduce the infiltration of outdoor air and heat loss from the air conditioning space to ambient air. The discharge angle of air curtain is very important as the sealing efficiency is affected by it. This paper presents a performance of single jet air curtain in heating space when the discharge angle of nozzle changes. A numerical simulation is used to study the influence of various parameters on the efficiency of the downward-blowing air curtain device which is installed inside of the wall above the door. The performance of the air curtain is evaluated by sealing efficiency which provides the assessment of the energy savings. A condition of discharge angle that has the highest sealing efficiency is proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.4-7
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• 2013

In recent downtown high land due to an increase in the utilization of land from the property line to maximize the proximity of the construction and use of underground structures has increased. The nature of urban underground retaining structure construction safety, environmental management, and civil contrast situations, construction periodt perspective, this method is widely used in the backhand. Recent Patents DP method and the method of the DBS method than in the SPS process is deleted according to the PRD process cost savings are generated. The workability and safety study of two kinds of method, such as air speed, and considering the reduction of indirect costs in terms of economic efficiency is considered to be a superior method.

• Language and Information
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2009

It has been observed that not all negative polarity items (NPIs) are licensed in the same negative contexts, and different NPIs may be licensed by different negative expressions. This shows that Ladusaw's (1979) downward entailment is not precise enough to account for the distributional patterns of NPIs (van der Wouden, 1997; van der Wouden and Zwarts, 1993; Zwarts, 1986, among others). One well-known attempt to deal with this issue is to divide negative expressions into several subtypes. Using boolean semantics, Zwarts (1986; 1998) distinguishes three kinds of downward entailing licensors and accounts for heterogeneous NPI-licensing conditions by means of the semantic strength of negative expressions. This approach has been adopted to define Korean negation (Nam, 1994; Chung, 1993; Chung, 1997; Hwang, 2009). In this paper, however, we argue that the boolean semantic approach for negation is not adequate in characterizing the properties of Korean negative expressions and explaining the contexts of licensing Korean NPIs.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.133-140
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to clarify the seismic capacity and the characteristics in the hysteretic behavior of RC structures with non-seismic detailing. Interior and exterior beam-column subassemblages were selected from a ten-story RC building and six 1/3-scale specimens were constructed with three variables; (1) with and without slab, (2) with and without hoop bars in the Joint region, (3) upward and downward direction of anchorage for the bottom bar in beams of exterior beam-column subassemblage. The test results have shown; (1) in case of interior beam-column subassemblage, there is no almost difference between nonseismic and seismic details in the strength and ductility capacity; (2) the Korean practice of anchorage (downward and 25 $d_{b}$ anchorage length) in the exterior Joint caused the 10％~20％ reduction of strength and 27％ reduction of ductility iii comparison with tile case of seismic details; and the existence of hoop bars in the joint region shows no effect in shear strain.n.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.2839-2846
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• 2021

In this study, experiments of downward-facing flow boiling were conducted to investigate material effects on CHF. Experiments were conducted using aluminum, copper, and carbon steel. It was found that different materials had different CHFs. Aluminum has the biggest CHF while copper has the lowest CHF for each mass flux. After experiment, surface wettability increased and surface became rougher, which was probably due to the oxidation process during nucleate boiling. The CHF difference is likely to be related to the surface wettability, roughness and thermal effusivity, which influences the bubble behavior and in turn affects CHF. Further studies are needed to determine which factor is dominant.