• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.965-973
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• 2017

CLA는 탄소가 18개(C18)인 linoleic acid의 이중결합이 C9,C11; C10,C12 위치로 이동됨으로 생성되는 입체이성(c,c; c,t; t,c; t,t)체를 총괄적으로 일컷는 말이다. 이론적으로 가능한 이성체 중에서 c9,t11-CLA가 rumen bacteria, lactic bacteria, 버섯균 등의 linoleate isomerase에 의해 linoleic acid로부터 생합성된다. 그러나 linoleic acid를 알카리 이성화로 합성한 CLA에는 이론적으로 가능한 모든 CLA 이성체가 존재한다. 그 중 c9,t11-CLA와 t10,c12-CLA가 약 45%씩 동일량 존재한다. CLA가 1939 년 linoleic acid의 elaidinization 반응에서 처음으로 소개되었으나 그 이후에는 과학적인 이용가치가 없어 과학자들의 관심의 대상이 되지 않았다. 그러나 1987년에 CLA가 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)으로 유도한 mouse skin carcinogenesis에서 항암성이 있다는 보고 이후 CLA에 관한 연구는 급속도로 증가하여 현재까지 약 6,100 연구논문이 발표되었다. CLA와 c9,t11-CLA 및 t10,c12-CLA 이성체는 in vitro와 in vivo에서 항암성, 항당뇨성, 항혈압성, 항동맥경화성, 면역증강성, 항산화성, 체지방감소성, testosterone 생산성 등의 생물학적 기능이 갖는다고 밝혀졌다. 이들 생리활성에 c9,t11-CLA와 t10,c12-CLA가 in vitro와 in vivo에서 다른 활성을 보이고 있다. 특히, 합성 CLA에 소량 혼합되어 있는 t,t-CLA가 carcinogen으로 유도한 동물모델이나 암세포에서 다른 이성체 보다 강한 항암성을 보이는 결과는 앞으로 더 많은 연구의 대상이 될 것이다. 본 총설에서는 CLA 관련 연구가 시작된 1939년부터 현재까지의 CLA 연구 트렌드를 살펴보고 밝혀진 주요 기능성을 보고한다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.36-49
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• 2013

Objectives The goal of this review is to investigate clinical and experimental studies on external application treatment for atopic dermatitis in Korean literature and to propose for the better method of clinical studies in order to seek more effective treatment. Methods Electronic researches were performed with KTKP, OASIS, National Assembly Library, Korean Medicine Database, KISS, DBpia, and KISTI. Results and Conclusions In Twenty six studies, the numbers of clinical and experimental studies are respectively 10 (38.46%) and 16 (61.54%). The numbers of studies that used herbal complex were 20 (76.92%), and out of that, 6 studies had used a single herbal medicine (23.08%). The external application with oriental medicine for the atopic dermatitis used with Phellodendri Cortex (7), Sophorae Radix (6), Scutellariae Radix (6), Lonicerae Flos (5), Coptidis Rhizoma (5) and so on. Among the clinical studies, the 5 studies were double-blind and randomized-controlled study (50%). The numbers of studies that used Hanifin and Rajka Diagnostic Criteria (1980) were 6 (60%), and that used the Diagnostic Criteria in Korean Atopic Dermatitis (2005) were 4 (40%). Among the clinical studies, categories to evaluate of atopic dermatitis are respectively SCORAD Index (80%), Total IgE (80%), Eosinophil count (70%) and so on. All of the clinical studies (100%) showed a statistically significant decline in atopic dermatitis according to the SCORAD Index, Modified SCORAD Index, the Clinic index score. Among the experimental studies, the numbers of studies that used NC/Nga mice were 9 (56.25%), and out of that 5 studies used BALB/c mice (31.25%). Most of the studies (68.75%) used DNCB as allergy inducing materials. The scales for evaluation of atopic dermatitis were Clinical skin severity score, Histopathologic examination, Immunohematologic examination, safety test and so on. In 12 cases (75%) of experimental studies, the IgE level of experimental group showed a statistically significant decline after using external application. In 8 study cases (50%), Clinical skin severity score of experimental group showed a statistically significant decline after using external application.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to determine whether Rhus verniciflua Stokes with Latin name Lacca Sinica Exsiccata, and Eucommia ulmoides Oliver with Latin name Eucommiae Cortex Extract Combination (ILF-RE) improves laboratory test results in participants with liver function disorder. Methods : This study was conducted at Woosuk university Korean medicine hospital where participants with high serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels from 45 to 135 U/L were enrolled. Subjects received ILF-RE 3.6 g (1.2 g/day as ILF-RE) or placebo 3.6 g for 12 weeks. It was confirmed that urushiol was not detected in ILF-RE. The primary outcomes were the decrement degree of serum ALT and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels between two groups. The secondary outcomes were the decrement degree of serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and fatty liver index (FLI) levels between two groups. Adverse events, skin prick tests, laboratory tests, and vital signs were observed and analyzed to confirm the safety of ILF-RE.1) Results : In the ILF-RE group, the liver function index ALT, GGT, lipid metabolism index TG, and fatty liver index FLI were significantly decreased compared to the placebo group. There was no significant difference in ILF-RE group in terms of adverse events, severe adverse events, skin prick test, laboratory test, and vital signs compared with placebo group. Conclusions : ILF-RE was found to be effective in improving liver function. In addition, no clinically significant adverse events or body changes were observed during this study.

• 태양에너지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1982

The Solar Energy R&D Department of KIER under the auspice of the Korean government is pushing hard on the development of the passive solar technology with high priority for the expeditious widespread use of solar energy in Korea, since the past few years of experiences told us that the active solar technology is not yet ready for massive commercialization in Korea. KIER has completed the construction of the Solar Energy Research & Test Center in Seoul, which houses the major facilities for its all solar test programs. The Center was designed as a passive solar building with great emphasis on the energy conserving ideas. The Center is not only the largest passive building in Korea, but also the exhibit center for the effective demonstration of the passive heating and cooling technology to the Korean public. The Center was designed to satisfy the requirements based on the technical and economical criteria set by the KIER. Careful considerations, therefore, were given in depth in the following areas to meet the requirements. 1) Passive Heating Concepts The Center employed the combination of direct and indirect gain system. The shape of the Center is Balcomb House style, and it included a large built-in sunspace in front. A partition, consists of transparent and translucent glazings, separates the sunspace and the living space. Since most activities in the Center occur during the day time, direct utilization of the solar energy by the living spaces was emphasized with the limited energy storage capacity. 2) Passive Cooling Concepts(for Summer) Natural ventilation concept was utilized throughout the building. In the direct gain portion of the system, the front glazing can be openable during the cooling season. Natural convection scheme was also applied to the front sunspace for the Summer cooling. Reflective surfaces and curtains were utilized wherever needed. 3) Auxiliary Heat ing and Cooling System As an auxiliary cooling system, mechanical means(forced convection system) were adopted. Therefore forced air heating system was also used to match the duct work requirements of the auxiliary cool ing system. 4) Effect ive Insulation & Others These included the double glazed windows, the double entry doors, the night glazing insulation, the front glazing-frame insulation as well as the building skin insulation. All locally available construction materials were used, and natural lightings were provided as much as possible. The expected annual energy savings (compared to the non-insulated conventional building)of the Center was estimated to be about 80%, which accounts for both the energy conservation and the solar energy source. The Center is being instumented for the actual performance tests. The experimental results of the simplified tests are discussed in this paper.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2004

본 연구는 화장품에서 빈번히 사용되고 있는 다양한 자극원에 대한 녹두추출물의 자극완화 효과를 알아보기 위한 임상연구에 관한 것이다. 녹두는 해독 작용이 탁월하여 예로부터 민간요법이나 화장료의 재료로 사용되어 왔다. 그러나, 녹두의 생물학적인 효능 및 구성 성분을 구체적으로 밝혀낸 연구는 전무한 실정이다.. 우리는 기존의 연구를 통하여 녹두의 에탄을 추출물이 항산화 및 항염증 효과가 우수한 것을 확인하고 이러한 효능을 제공하는 유효물질인 비텍신(vitexin)과 이소비텍신(isovitexin)을 분리해낸 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 녹두추출물의 항염증 기작을 살펴보고자 흰쥐 복강 비만세포로부터의 항원 유도성 히스타민 유리 억제능 및 5-lipoxygenase 활성 억제능을 측정하였다. 그 결과 녹두추출물은 농도 의존적으로 히스타민 유리를 억제시켰지만 5-lipoxygenase 활성을 억제하는 효과는 나타내지 않았다. 또한, 현재 화장품에 널리 사용되고 있는 자극 유발 물질인 lactic acid, retinol, 방부제 등에 대한 녹두추출물의 자극완화 효과를 알아보기 위하여 다양한 임상 연구를 수행하였다. 20명의 피험자를 대상으로 실시한 인체 첩포시험 결과, 5.0％ lactic acid, 4000 IU retinol, 1.0％ Preservative mixture가 들어간 제형에 2.0％ 녹두추출눌을 첨가할 경우 각각 60％, 30％, 50％ 정도의 우수한 자극 억제 효과를 보여주었으며, 주관적인 자극을 평가하는 피부 자극감시험 결과도 2.0％ 녹두추출물을 함유하는 제형에서 약 50∼30％의 자극완화 효과를 보여주었다. 마지막으로, 30명의 피험자를 대상으로 4주간 실시한 double-blind usage test 결과 역시 녹두추출물을 화장품에 사용하였을 경우 우수한 항자극 효과를 보임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2010

Background : To demonstrate the efficacy of moxibustion therapy, randomized controled trials are required. But, clinical trials of moxibustion had limitations due to the absence of a sham moxibustion model for an appropriate placebo. Objectives : To develop a new sham moxibustion model based on the thermal characteristics of commercial indirect moxibustion, especially temperature, and to evaluate whether it could be applied in clinical trials. Methods : By applying heat insulation, we created a sham moxibustion device that was indistinguishable from a real one with the naked eye. It also stimulated heat but had inert remedial value. A clinical trial was performed on subjects to test double blinding. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups, a treatment group and a sham group. Acupoint Zusanli($ST_{36}$) was used in each group for 3 times. A sham acupuncture credibility questionnaire was modified into a moxibustion credibility questionnaire and was filled out after treatment. Results : No major difference was detected in the subjects' baseline data. Most subjects and practitioners could not distinguish the sham moxibustion device from the real one. But, subjects who had experience of moxibustion therapy more likely to distinguish the sham moxibustion device from the real one than subjects who didn't have experience of moxibustion therapy. The treatment group showed a significant difference in the VAS(Visual Analog Scale) for intensity of sensation during treatment than that of the sham group. Conclusions : The sham moxibustion device in this study is proved sufficient and credible to be applied in investigations of the effect of moxibustion. But it is more appropriate for the people who don't have experience of moxibustion therapy.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.27-44
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• 2020

Objectives : The authors conducted randomized, Double-blinded, and placebo-controlled parallel-group clinical experiment study to evaluate efficacy of fermented soybean(Bio-Peptone)cream in pruritus. Methods : The research had been conducted for 4 months from the date of IRB approval(May 26 in 2017) to Sept 2017. The experiment started by randomly distributing 25 subjects with pruritus into experimental group and control group, respectively. The experimental group applied fermented soybean(Bio-Peptone)cream twice a day, in the morning and evening, for one week on itchy area. The effect of the product was evaluated by comparing the PSS(Patient subjective score), moisture level by measuring skin moisture content(Corneometer) and transepidermal water loss(Tewameter), and the Korean version of Skindex-29(index of quality of life improvement) before applying the cream, after applying the cream for one week and after stop applying the cream for one week. The control group conducted identical experiment with the experimental group, except the control group applied placebo instead of the fermented soybean(Bio-Peptone)cream. Results : Pruritus, criterion of the first validation testing, indicates fermented soybean(Bio-Peptone)cream tend to reduce pruritus compare to placebo, although the result is not statistically noticeable. Significant difference in reduction of prutitus, the second validation test was not discovered in both groups. Corneometer and life quality tend to be improved with soy cream than placebo, but not statistically effective and both groups did not show any difference in terms of Tewameter measurement. Conclusions : The result of clinical experiment didn't prove that the fermented soybean(Bio-Peptone)cream is more effective in reducing pruritus than placebo, statistically. The clinical use of soybean product for pruritus requires further studies to be verified.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.241-260
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• 1995

The Maori's traditional clothing materials, basic forms of dress, and the pattern and technique of tatoo were examined in the present study in order to deepen the appreciation of the cultural heritage of the Maori. The research method employed was the analysis of written materials. And a fild-trip was also made for the study. The study was limitted to the traditional culture of body adornment of the Maori including the clothing which is preserved and practicing by them at the present day, and the origin and the process of the historical development of those are not included in the scope of the present study. Followings are the results of the study: (1) By far the most widely used fiber for Maori clothing is abtained from what is commonly called New Zealand Flax. The fiber of kiekie(Freycinetia baueriana) and cabbage trees(Cordyline spp.) may also be used. The strong, long-lasting fiber of toi(cordyline indivisa) is used for a prestige warrior's cloak. Flat strips of ti kauka(Cordyline australi) are also used as thatch on rain cloaks. (2) Regardless of technique used, Maori weaving is always worked horizontally from left to right. Traditionally the work was suspended between two upright turuturu or weaving sticks. As the work progressed a second pair of uprights was used to keep the work off the ground. These uprights were moved forward as required. Because the weaver sat on the ground, the working edge was kept at a height that was comfortable to reach. No weaving tools are used, the wefts(aho) being manipulated by the fingers. The two main Maori weaving techniques are whatu aho patahi(single-pair twining) and whatu aho rua(double-pair twining). (3) The Maori wore two basic garments - a waist met and a cloak. The cloth of commoners were of plain manufacture, while those of people of rank were superior, sometimes being decorated with feather or dyed tags and decorated borders. Children ran more-or-less naked until puberty, being dressed only for special events. Some working dress consisted of nothing more than belts with leaves thrust under them. Chiefs and commoners usually went barefoot, using rough sandals on journeys over rough country (4) The adornment of men and women of rank was an important matter of tribal concern as it was in chiefly persons that prestige of the group was centred, The durable items of Maori persons adornment were either worn or carried. Ornaments of various kinds were draped about the neck or suspended from pierced earlobes. Combs decorated the head. Personal decorations not only enhanced the appearance of men and women, but many had protective magical function. The most evident personal ornament was the hei-tiki made of jade or other material. Maori weapons were treasured by their owners. They served on bottle and were also personal regalia. A man of rank was not fully dressed without a weapon in hand. Also weapons were essential to effective oratory. (5) No man or woman of rank went without some tattoo adornment except in extremely rare instances when a person was too sacred to have any blood shed. The untattooed were marked as beeing commoners of no social standing. This indelible mark of rank was begun, with appropriate rite and ritual, at puberty. And tattoo marked the person as being of a marriageable age. Maori tattoo was unlike most traditional tattoo in that its main line were 'engraved' on the face with deep cuts made by miniature bone chisels. The fill-in areas were not tattooed with cuts but with the multiple pricks of small bone 'combs' that only lightly penetrated the skin surface. The instrument of tattoo consisted of small pots of pumice or wood into which was placed a wetted black pigment made from burnt kauri gum, burnt vegetable caterpillars or other sooty materials. A bird bone chisel or comb set at right angles on a short wooden handle was dipped into the gigment, that a rod or stick was used to tap head of this miniature adze, causing penetration of the skin surface. Black pigment lodged under the skin took on a bluish tinge. A full made facial tattoo consisted of major spirals with smaller spirals on each side of the nose and sweeping curved lines radiating out from between the brows over the forehead and from the nose to the chin. The major patterns were cut deep, while the secondary koru patterns were lightly pricked into the skin.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.516-522
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• 2009

총 108명의 피시험 자원자들을 대상으로 각각 54명씩 두 군으로 무작위 배정한 후 12주 동안 시험제제를 섭취시키고 피부 색조도와 주름 정도, 혈청 내 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 변화를 이중맹검법으로 평가한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 12주 동안의 시험제제 섭취 성실성 (순응도)에 대한 익명의 자가응답조사 결과, 응답에 응한 피시험 자원자 45명 중 31명이 90$\sim$100%, 14명이 70$\sim$80%의 비율로 시험 제제를 섭취하였다고 응답하여, 순응도는 만족할 만한 수준이었다. 2) 대조군 (가나다 군)은 남자 22명, 여자 32명으로서 평균 연령 22.8 $\pm$ 3.0세였으며, 시험군 (ABC 군)은 남자 25명, 여자 29명으로서 평균 연령 23.0 $\pm$ 3.4세로 군간 차이가 없었다. 그 외 시험시작전 군별 최소홍반량, 자외선 조사전후의 피부 색조도는 모두 동일한 수준으로 평가되었다. 3) 상완부 내측 피부에 자외선으로 유도한 인공 색소 침착 후 미백 효과를 측정한 색차계 L값의 변화도 ($\Delta$L값)는 12주째에 시험군 ($\Delta$L = 3.817 $\pm$ 2.228)에서 대조군 ($\Delta$L = 2.731 $\pm$ 2.138)보다 유의하게 높았다 (p = 0.011). 4) 안면부 안와 주위 주름을 대상으로 모사판을 획득하고 영상 분석한 음영 비율을 주름 완화 유효 백분율로 비교한 결과, 8주, 12주에 시험군에서 대조군보다 유의한 증가를 나타내었다 (p = 0.0217, p = 5.317E-06). 5) 혈청 내 유효성분 vitamin E ($\alpha$-tocopherol) 농도의 정량적 변동을 시험제제 섭취 전과 섭취 12 후에 측정한 결과, 시험군에서 대조군보다 유의하게 증가하였다 (p = 0.0001). 6) 시험제제를 12주간 섭취한 후 측정한 결과들을 종합하여 볼 때 ABC 군이 가나다 군에 비해 피부의 미백 및 주름 완화 효과가 유의하게 높은 것을 알 수 있었는데, ABC군이 LGNC-5를 유효 성분으로 함유한 시험제제를 섭취한 군이었다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2006

화장품에서 색조 화장품 분야에서 분체의 함유율이 높은 투웨이케익, 팩트, 페이스파우더와 같은 파우더류 제품은 함유되는 분체의 물성이 품질에 큰 영향 인자로 작용하기 때문에 분체의 복합화, 금속비누 처리, 아미노산처리, 실리콘처리, 불소 처리등을 통한 품질 향상을 목적으로 표면처리가 시도되어 왔다. 위와 같은 파우더류 제품중에 투웨이케익은 커버력이 가장 요구되는 제품으로서 부착성이나 퍼짐성과 같은 부가품질의 동시 구현이 다른 파우더류 제품보다 어려우며, 화장을 두껍게 느끼거나 답답하다는 사용자들의 잠재불만도 존재하는 제품군이다. 본 연구는 투웨이케익 제품의 중요품질인 부착성과 퍼짐성을 향상시키고, 친화성을 충분히 고려한 새로운 표면처리 방법으로서 피부성분과 구조를 모사하여, 스킨케어에 주로 사용하는 성분들로 나노베시클을 제조하여 그 구조를 파괴하지 않은 상태로 표면 처리하는 방법에 대한 것이다. 분체를 제조하기 위해 먼저, 레시친, 세라마이드, 초산토코페롤, 부틸렌글리롤을 사용하여 고압.유화로 나노유화물을 제조하였고, 이것을 수상에 분산된 체질안료 분산액에 투입, 2가 금속염 용액을 투입한 후, 여과, 건조과정을 통해 나노베시클이 피복된 새로운 기능의 분체를 얻었다. 피복되는 공정에서는 금속염의 농도에 따라 피복량이 결정됨을 확인하였고, 피복된 파우더의 물성에서는 현재 주로 사용하는 실리콘 처리체질안료에 비해 본 연구를 통해 제조된 파우더의 마찰계수가 낮았으며, 외력에 의한 부착성 평가에서도 파우더의 이탈량이 적은 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 이를 함유한 투웨이케익과 함유하지 않은 투웨이케익의 평가에서도 같은 경향의 결과를 나타내었다.