• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

N fertilizer required by rice could be reduced greatly in the rice-barley double cropping system than in the rice single cropping system. This study was conducted to investigate how much of the N fertilizer during the early stage of rice in the rice-barley double cropping system, could be saved compared to that in the rice single cropping system. This experiment was carried out at the paddy field of the National Crop Experiment Station in Suwon, Korea during three years from 1999 to 2001. Amounts of soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) and SPAD values of rice leaf during rice growing season in the rice-barley double cropping system were higher than those in the rice single cropping system under the same amount of N application during two years. Yield and N uptakes of rice at harvesting time were also higher in the rice-barley double cropping system than in the rice single cropping system during two years. Yield and N uptake of rice in the rice single cropping system were decreased when basal N fertilizer was omitted, but those reductions were not found by either omitting basal N fertilizer or omitting N fertilizer at tillering stage in the rice-barley double cropping system during 2000 and 2001. But yield and N uptakes of rice were decreased by 70 kg/10a and 2kgN/10a by the omission of both N application at basal and tillering stages in the rice-barley double cropping system in 2002. It was concluded that N fertilizer as much as tillering N fertilizer could be saved in the rice-barley double cropping system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to investigate the soil nitrogen credit of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the nitrogen balance of soybean in soybean-barley cropping systems. Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley­soybean double cropping system. The barley-soybean double cropping system was treated with two different levels of nitrogen fertilizers, 0 nitrogen fertilizer (BS-F0), and standard nitrogen fertilizer (BS-F1). Nitrogen and organic matter concentrations in soil of BS-F1 plot on October, 2001 were increased $4.8\%\;and\;5.9\%$, respectively, compared with those on October, 2000. The ranges of BNF rate in soybean were $69.1\~ 88.2\%$ in two years, and the rate was the highest in BS-F0 plot and the lowest in SM plot. The ranges of nitrogen harvest index (NHI) in all treatments were $83.9\~86.7\%$. The yield was 270 kg/10a in BS­F1 plot and 215 kg/10a in BS-F0 plot. However, the nitrogen balances were +0.6 kg/10a of gain of soil nitrogen in BS-F0 plot and -0.4 kg/10a of loss of soil nitrogen in BS-F1 plot. In comparisons of SM and BS-F1 plots, although the seed yields were similar in two plots, the loss of soil nitrogen was higher in SM than BS-F1 plot. Overall, our results suggest that barley-soybean double cropping system was more effective in respect to seed productivity and soil nitrogen conservation than soybean monocropping system, and the N credit to following crops by soybean cultivation was identified in soybean double cropping system.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2012

This experiment was carried out to determine the harvesting day after heading of barley for highest total forage yield in double cropping with corn at paddy field in middle region. The fresh barley yield was the highest at the harvest of 20 days after heading, but the dry matter yield and TDN yield were the highest at the harvest of 25 days after heading because of higher dry matter rate. The dry matter yield of corn after the harvest of 25 days after heading was decreased about 16 percent than that of the check, sowing on april 25. But total fresh yield of corn monoculture was lower about 31 percent, and decreased 28 percent of dry matter and 23 percent of TDN yield, respectively, than that of the double cropping system with corn and barley. In double cropping system at paddy field, the total forage yield was the highest at the harvest of 25 days after heading of barley and grew corn subsequently. Although yield of corn was reduced by late sowing, the total forage yield was increased by double cropping system compared with corn monoculture.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.337-347
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• 2016

Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and methane ($CH_4$) were measured in a rice-barley double cropping and rice mono cropping paddy fields, which are located in the southwestern coast of Korea, over a one-year period. Net ecosystems $CO_2$ exchange (NEE) and ecosystem respiration (Re) were estimated by the eddy covariance (EC) method, and an automatic open/close chamber (AOCC) method was used to measure $CH_4$ fluxes. Environmental factors (solar radiation, air temperature, precipitation etc.) were also measured along with fluxes. After the quality control and gap-filling, the observed fluxes were analyzed. As a result, NEE was -603.0 and $-471.5g\;C\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$ in rice-barley double cropping and rice mono cropping paddy field, respectively. $CH_4$ emissions increased during the course of flooded days and were similar in two cropping paddy field. Accoding to rough results considering only fluxes of $CO_2$ and $CH_4$, it was estimated that the carbon absorbation in rice-barley double cropping paddy field was higher than that in rice mono cropping paddy field by $128.9g\;C\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2008

Because main barley straw management is changing these days from off-fields to burning that may relate to air quality concerning the global warming, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of barley-straw management practices on greenhouse gas emissions during rice cultivation in rice-barley double cropping system. The treatments were barley straw burning, off-field usage of barley straw and incorporation of barley straw in paddy fields. Laboratory experiment showed that burning of barley straw at the rate of $4.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ emitted GHGs in the amounts of 4,607, 19.5, and $0.9kg\;ha^{-1}$ of $CO_2$, $CH_4$, and $N_2O$, respectively. During the rice cultivation of the rice-barley double cropping system, the highest GHG emission by evaluated close-static chamber method was observed from the soil incorporation of barley straw with 387 and $1.0kg\;ha^{-1}$ of $CH_4$ and $N_2O$, respectively. The GHGs emissions from the barley straw burning and off-field usage treatments were 233 and $160kg\;ha^{-1}$ for $CH_4$ and 0.80 and $0.79kg\;ha^{-1}$ for $N_2O$, respectively. The barley straw burning treatment showed the greatest GHGs emission among barley straw management practices in rice-barley double cropping system when considering GHGs emissions both during burning and from paddy fields during the cropping seasons. As a result, the GHGs emissions recorded in the barley straw incorporation to soil and off-field usage treatments were 22.4 and 66.8%, respectively, less than sum of GHGs emissions from the burning of barley straw and from paddy fields during rice cultivation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.459-463
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• 2001

Changes of rice yield and soil physicochemical properties of the dry-seeded rice-barley double cropping system were investigated for 10 years from 1990 to 1999. Generally, seedling stand was more unstable in the rice-barley cropping system regardless of barley straw addition or removal than in the rice single cultivation as indicated by higher standard deviation of seedling stand across year. Rice yield in rice-barley double cropping cultivation was increased due to barley straw application starting from the second year, recording 2 to 19％ increase (average of 9％ for 10 years) due to higher spikelet number. Protein content and Mg/K equivalent ratio were similiar among the barley straw applied field, rice single crop and barley straw removed plots. Also, amylose content was not significantly different among cropping patterns. Physicochemical properties of soil was improved by applying the barley straw; soil porosity was higher and content of organic matter and cation exchange capacity of Ca increased but those of Mg and K did not differ.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.364.4-364
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• 2001

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.488-490
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• 2006

In double cropping fields, there has been a risk of increase rice stripe viral disease outbreaking as the vector, small brown planthopper that overwinter in barley fields increases. Especially rice cultivation in Honam region has two types of cropping system such as rice only cropping in a season and double cropping both of rice and barley. In double cropping system, harvesting of barley could induce migration of the vector from barley to rice field. We found that the vector's density was different in rice fields by distance from barley field. The vector's density in rice field was highest 63 numbers within one meter from the neighbor barley field, and the numbers reduced greatly as the distance from barley field increases. The disease incidence according to rice cultivation methods was different, Donjin 1 was appeared to be a susceptible variety showing 2.4% and 2.5% of disease incidence in direct and transplanting cultivation, respectively. The small brown planthopper in a nearby rice field reach peak 3 days after the barley field was harvested.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2010

In this study, changes in virus disease occurrence and yield were monitored in conventional cropping system(rice-barley) and soybean-barley double cropping system in virus-prone area for 5 years. Also, changes in the density of Polymyxa graminis, a fungal vector, was investigated. In assay tests, mixed infection of Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) was observed. Disease severity was in the range of 7~9 in conventional cropping system. In continuous cropping of soybean-barley and 3-yearfallow land, disease severity also was around 7. However, disease severity was reduced to medium level (5) when barley cultivation was paused for one or two years in soybean-barley cropping. When barley cultivation was paused for a year, the density of P. graminis, a fungal vector for BaYMV and BaMMV, reduced in barley root and soil. Similarly, barley growth was also enhanced by adopting fallow seasons. Compared with the fifth year of conventional cropping, the number of tillers per $m^2$ was increased by 158 when barley cultivation was paused for an year in soybean-barley cropping. When soybean and barley were cultivated continuously or complete fallow period was extended to three years, plant height and the number of tillers of barley were decreased. Yield components of barley in soybean-barley cropping were superior to those in rice-barley cropping. Compared with the fifth year of conventional cropping and soybean-barley cropping, culm length of barley was 1.3~2.3 cm higher and the number of tillers per $m^2$ was 36~90 higher when barley cultivation was paused for one or two years. However, those in continuous cropping of soybean-barley and 3-year-fallow land were lower compared with conventional cropping. Similarly, yield was increased when barley cultivation was paused for one or two years in the third, forth, and fifth years when compared with conventional cropping.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted from 2002 to 2004 at paddy field of National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon to investigate the select the promising double cropping system on growth, yield and nutritive value of summer forage(silage corn, sorghum$\times$ sudangrass hybrid, japanese millet, jobs tear, rice) and winter forage(rye, barley, Italian ryegass) and also to determine the best double cropping system necessary to maximize the total forage yield of winter forages plus summer forage crops. Among agronomic characteristics, lodging tolerance appeared to be highest in the summer forage crop including silage corn, jobs tear and rice compared to other forage crops. And lodging tolerance appeared to be highest in the winter forage crop including barley compared to rye and Italian ryegrass. The highest dry matter yield of 27,766 kg/ha, 27,296 kg/ha and 25,365 kg/ha obtained from an whole crop barley+sorghum$\times$ sudangrass hybrid, rye+sorghum$\times$ sudangrass hybrid and Italian ryegrass+sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid double cropping sequence in combination among the fifteen cropping systems((P<0.05). And dry matter yield of barley+silage corn and rye+silage com were 23,766 and 23,572 kg/ha.