• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.45-54
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• 2017

This thesis mainly deals with the meaning of single eaves buildings which have Chunyeo with Sarae. As a rule, building with single eaves does not construct Sarae. But we can find some special buildings using Chunyeo with Sarae in the corners of the eaves. At this time, many people say that lower part of the member so called Alchunyeo, and upper part of the member so called Chunyeo. And they also say that the using of Alchunyeo was caused by the shortage of timber which can make Chunyeo properly. As a result, single eaves buildings using Chunyeo with Sarae in the corners of the eaves were not caused by the shortage of timber. That kinds of buildings were made by the hierarchy of building. Single eaves buildings with Sarae have lower rank than double eaves buildings, and also have higher rank than those without Sarae. And we have to say that lower part of the member is Chunyeo, and upper part of the member is Sarae.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2002

This research is the second attempt to illustrate the phases of ancient Korean architecture through a comparative study of historical materials such as historical ruins, relics, stone remains and art products. Among these the stone stupa (budo), contains many architectural aspects of old times, which give clues to trace the characteristics of the antient Korean structures. The study brings about following results: 1. The pillar employs an entasis technique, and the bracket system (gongpo) consists of cross beams (changbang) and small supporting blocks (soro) thereupon. A type of the bracket arm (chomcha) is also found on top of the pillar. 2. Windows and doors are assumed from the carved features on the stone stupa to be pair-doors which could be folded twice sideways and upwards. 3. There are two types of eaves; the single eaves and the double eaves consisting of a rafter and a flying rafter. 4. The roof has furrows formed by the concave tiles and the convex ones and also the tiles at the edge of eaves. And there are evidences that a variety of small images of animal and human figures were decorated along on top of the eaves.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.45-59
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• 2009

This thesis mainly deals with what is th Gurodae, recorded of the YeonggeonUigwe and the SanleungUigwe. Gurodae makes diverse appearance In Uigwes.(久老代, 仇老代, 求路代, 仇老臺, 仇露臺, 求露臺, 仇累臺, 九累臺) It seems that Gurdae was an architectural member used on the roof. Especially that was a member of the eaves. Gurodae looks like a Pyeonggodae, located on the end of the rafters. But it differs in the shape compare to that of Pyeonggodae, Gurodae has the shape of combined members, Pyeonggoaed and Chakgo. Chakgo is a member covering the spae, between two Buyeons So Gurodae has the shape of prominence and depression. The result obtained by surveying the Uigwes is the Gurodae is the Gurodae used until 1789. After the publication of HyeonlyungwonUigwe in 1789, that member was no longer existed on the other Uigwes. In 1794, the making Hwaseong fortress, Gurodae divieed into two members, Chopyeonggodae and Chakgo. Since then Chopyeonggodae and Chakgo never combined again.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.171-186
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to find out the recent trends of hanok design based on 58 hanoks appeared in architecture magazines in the last 10 years. The cases are analyzed in terms of location, size, building form, spatial organization, material, roof form, and the ceiling form of living room. The consequences of this study is as follows; Most of the recent hanoks are built in rural area (91.4%), which shows the hanok is not accepted as an urban house type. Hanoks tend to be built in 2 stories whose 2nd floor is smaller than the 1st floor. (34.5%) The preferred size is total floor area of $99.2{\sim}165.2m^2$ (62.0%), 3 rooms (46.6%) with a traditional ondol room (60.3%). The buildings with ㄱ-shape (43.1%) and linear-shape (27.6%) are preferred, and the compact plan type similar with apartment house appears (13.8%). In the roof design that greatly influences the appearance of building, the traditional design factors such as half-hipped roof (55.2%), double eaves (27.6%), and eaves curve tend to be sustained. In terms of spatial organization, most of recent hanoks have double-layed plan (74.2%). The living room mostly has separately defined space. (82.8%) The indoor and outdoor tend to be connected by a narrow wooden veranda (39.7%), while some cases don't have any wooden floor space (48.3%). The entrance is adopted as an important spatial element in front part of building (75.9%), and it influences the appearance of building. The living room, the counterpart of the wooden floor hall in traditional hanok, and kitchen tend to be interiorized. In terms of material, the cement roof tile and red clay brick are preferred. Consequently, the walls of recent hanoks have the image of brick structure rather than the wooden frame structure of traditonal hanok.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.90-105
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• 2021

The shape of the roof is very important, as it determines the beauty of the exterior of Korean wooden architecture. In particular, the curve of the eaves is the most representative of the characteristics of Korean wooden architecture. Rafters and buyeon (浮椽), flying rafters, create curves for the eaves, and buyeon in particular makes the roof lighter and more dynamic. Although the function and role of buyeon are already known, nothing is yet clear about the beginning of its use in Korean ancient architecture. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to determine when buyeon was first used in Korean architecture. To this end, I examined various records, buildings, remains, and artifacts that have architectural shapes in Korea, China, and Japan. The results are summarized as follows. First, the use of buyeon in China appears during the Northern Qi Dynasty (北齊) in the mid-6th century, but became common in the 7th century during the Tang (唐) Dynasty. Second, the use buyeon in Japan appears in the mid-8th century, when the capital was relocated from Asuka (飛鳥) to Nara (奈良). It corresponds with the time that Japan began importing Chinese culture directly. Third, the use of buyeon in Korea may have been introduced to Baekje from China in the mid-6th century, but it was not common. It is believed that it became common after active exchanges with the Tang Dynasty during the Unified Silla Period in the mid-7th century.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.29-43
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• 2001

This paper examined characteristics of folk houses related to climate in Cheju island using climate data, documents and field survey data. Precipitation and humidity affect characteristics of folk houses in the southern parts of the island during summer while in winter, northern parts are mainly affected by wind. Chuck-gub has been shown through all over Cheju island due to the characteristics of precipitation. Jaechangmoon exists in southern parts of the island and these parts are experienced high humidity in summer The double-row room houses, the low eaves, gentle slop roof and stone wall are distributed through Cheju island and is related to wind. The double door is common in the northern parts because of strong winter monsoon, and Yimoonkan exists in the coastal area of the northern parts. Outer wall, Pung-Che and Gorangche are affected by winter monsoon and abundant precipitation. Gorangche has shown through both the northern parts and southeastern parts. Folk houses in the southern parts are more open than in northern parts. Folk houses in the northern parts are divided into the coastal type and the piedmont type. In the southern parts, they are subdivided the eastern type and the western type by the appearance of Gorangche.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8408-8415
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to propose and analyse new technology of structural elements design for Korean-style house(Hanok). Design of modern apartment building adopts many aesthetic elements from Hanok, however, these are only for the decorations of interior. In this study, projected Hanok eaves were studied in terms of the length of solar insolation. Inclined front slab system has been proposed utilizing sloping roof to an apartment building section. This system can provide the same sunshine radiation length and outside view to all levels of building to overcome the limitation of traditional hanok. It also can be applied to all residences the vertical garden concept of hanok. Inclined slab system showed 20% more efficient than flat slab system in terms of solar insolation length. This study also suggested a double deck slab system for not only reducing apartment floor impact noise but also connecting concept of traditional maru system in hanok. Double deck system reduces 66% of floor impact noise comparing with single deck slab of modern apartment buildings.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.139-151
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• 2018

The National Base Map construction consists of the regular correction work of dividing the whole country into two regions and carrying out the modification Plotting by aerial photographs every two years as well as the real time updating work of correcting the major change feature within two weeks by the field survey and the As-Built Drawing. In the case of the Building Layout Drawing of Korea Real estate Administration intelligence System(KRAS) used for real time updating work of the National base map, the coordinate transformation error is included in the positional error when applied to the National Base Map based on the World Geodetic Reference System as the coordinate system based on the Regional Geodetic Reference System. In addition, National Base Map is registered based on the outline(eaves line) of the building in the Digital Topographic Map, and the Cadastral and Architecture are registered based on the building center line. Therefore, the Building Object management standard is inconsistent. In order to investigate the improvement method, the network RTK survey was conducted directly on a location of the Building Layout Drawing of Korea Real estate Administration intelligence System(KRAS) and the problems were analyzed by comparing with the plane plotting position reference in National Base Map. In the case of the general structure with the difference on the Building center line and the eaves line, beside the location information was different also the difference in the ratio of the building object was different between Building center line and the eave. In conclusion, it is necessary to provide the Base data of the double layer of the Building center line and the outline of the building(eaves line) in order to utilize the Building Layout Drawing of Korea Real estate Administration intelligence System(KRAS). In addition, it is necessary to study an organic map update process that can acquire the up-to-dateness and the accuracy at the same time.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.4 s.44
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• pp.87-100
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• 2005

We have focused on the roof construction method of Urban Hanok in Bukchon, Seoul. The Urban Hanok, urban traditional housing type, had been evolved In modern context from 1930's to 1960's. We have confused Urban Hanok with traditional Hanok, because they have similar figures. But Urban Hanok have the characteristics as a result of the roof construction method. The purpose of this paper is to define Urban Hanok more concretely, thus we payed attention to the roof structure, specially to the comer that each roof structure meets. So we got some characteristics of the roof construction method of Urban Hanok in Bukchon. First, the roof construction methods of the roof are transformed at the corner parts, where three purlin structure and five purlin structure meet. The collision of the different roof structure has made a lot of types. Second, the roof slope of Urban Hanok is more gentle than traditional Hanok, that is caused by ornamental double eaves and awnings. Finally these characteristics are results of the compact lot size in urban neighborhood. The construction method is a inclusive word that contain materials, composition, ornament and social common sense. With the understanding on the roof construction method of Urban Hanok, we can define the identity and the value of Urban Hanok, And we can suggest the policy and the design guidelines for the reservation and rehabilitation for Urban Hanok of Bukchon, Seoul.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.95-108
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to develop the plastic greenhouse models which are structurally safe under the weather condition of Seongju and have the dimensions suitable for oriental melon cultivation as well. To grasp the structural features of greenhouses in Seongju, the field survey was conducted on 406 farmhouses which included 2,068 greenhouses. The field survey showed that the roof shape of arch type accounted for the highest rate, but recently even span or peach type became more popular and the width and height of greenhouse tended to increase as the period of use was short. The relationship of the width, ridge height and eaves height were established based on field survey data. Using climate data of Gumi adjacent to Seongju, the regressions were determined for the design wind speed and design snow depth depending on recurrence period. To design the greenhouse models against weather disasters in Seongju, the optimal design loads are 23.7 cm of snow depth and $33.8m{\cdot}s^1$ of wind speed. As the design results, four models of single-span greenhouse, two models of double-span greenhouses including extension were developed.