• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.966-974
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• 2015

Despite the presence of toll like receptor (TLR) expression in conventional $TCR{\alpha}{\beta}$ T cells, the direct role of TLR signaling via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) within T lymphocytes on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) remains unknown. In the allo-SCT model of C57BL/6 ($H-2^b$) ${\rightarrow}$ B6D2F1 ($H-2^{b/d}$), recipients received transplants of wild type (WT) T-cell-depleted (TCD) bone marrow (BM) and splenic T cells from either WT or MyD88 deficient (MyD88KO) donors. Host-type ($H-2^d$) P815 mastocytoma or L1210 leukemia cells were injected either subcutaneously or intravenously to generate a GVHD/GVL model. Allogeneic recipients of MyD88KO T cells demonstrated a greater tumor growth without attenuation of GVHD severity. Moreover, GVHD-induced GVL effect, caused by increasing the conditioning intensity was also not observed in the recipients of MyD88KO T cells. In vitro, the absence of MyD88 in T cells resulted in defective cytolytic activity to tumor targets with reduced ability to produce IFN-${\gamma}$ or granzyme B, which are known to critical for the GVL effect. However, donor T cell expansion with effector and memory T-cell differentiation were more enhanced in GVHD hosts of MyD88KO T cells. Recipients of MyD88KO T cells experienced greater expansion of Foxp3- and IL4-expressing T cells with reduced INF-${\gamma}$ producing T cells in the spleen and tumor-draining lymph nodes early after transplantation. Taken together, these results highlight a differential role for MyD88 deficiency on donor T-cells, with decreased GVL effect without attenuation of the GVHD severity after experimental allo-SCT.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2003

1. The purpose of study The problem lies in the Sasang-constitutional-medicine is a subjectiveness of diagnosis that can be varied by every donor. Questionnare for the Sasang Constitution Classification II(QSCCII) was invented to solve this problem. This study was conducted for two purpose. The one is re-value the QSCCII. The other is to make a basis to upgrade QSCCII. 2. The method of study QSCCII was administered to 537 patients at Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Hospital. Data was collected during 19 months from september 2000 to march 2002. For the purpose of this study, the collected data was analyzed by crosstabs, variation analysis and discrimination analysis. The analyzing program was SPSS 8.0 for Windows. And using this program I made the judgmental equation to re-value the QSCCII. 3. The result of study 1) not applied intensifying value The diagnostic discrimination abilities of the QSCCII is 61.5% about Taeyangin, 57.7% about Soyangin, 67.2% about Taeumin, 68.8% about Soemin. And its average is 65.0%. 2) applied intensifying value The diagnostic discrimination abilities of the QSCCII is 76.9% about Taeyangin, 59.9% about Soyangin, 68.9% about Taeumin, 71.2% about Soemin. And its average is 67.3%. 3) I propose a new diagnostic possibility with a different discriminant analysis and increase 42.3% of diagnostic discrimination ability considering 25% of accident diagnostic discrimination ability. 4) Development and complement of Taeyangin and Soyangin questions is needed to increase the accuracy of diagnosis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.188-193
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• 2017

Alveolar cleft is a tornado-shaped bone defect in the maxillary arch. The treatment goals for alveolar cleft are stabilization and provision of bone continuity to the maxillary arch, permitting support for tooth eruption, eliminating oronasal fistulas, providing an improved esthetic result, and improving speech. Treatment protocols vary in terms of the operative time, surgical techniques, and graft materials. Early approaches including boneless bone grafting (gingivoperiosteoplasty) and primary bone graft fell into disfavor because they impaired facial growth, and they remain controversial. Secondary bone graft (SBG) is not the most perfect method, but long-term follow-up has shown that the graft is absorbed to a lesser extent, does not impede facial growth, and supports other teeth. Accordingly, SBG in the mixed dentition phase (6-11 years) has become the preferred method of treatment. The most commonly used graft material is cancellous bone from the iliac crest. Recently, many researchers have investigated the use of allogeneic bone, artificial bone, and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein, along with growth factors because of their ability to decrease donor-site morbidity. Further investigations of bone substitutes and additives will continue to be needed to increase their effectiveness and to reduce complications.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.172-183
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• 1995

The nucleophilic substitution reactions of p-substituted benzyl bromide with l-substituted N,N-dimethylanilines in methanol and acetonitrile binary solvent mixture which is known to an isodielectric solvent system kinetically and the results are as follows. The positive charge is developed on the reaction center of the substrate and it means that the bond cleavage is preceded more than bond formation in the transition state on the analogy of Hammett px values. The bond form3tlon is not progressed in the case of electron donating substituent of substrate. However, the bond formation is much developed in the case of electron withdrawing substituent of substrate on the analogy of Hammett py values. The nucleophilic attacking ability is shown a highest at 80% (V/V) methanol content and the bond formation is well progressed at the same methanol composition on the result of a cross interaction coefficient, pxy. The result of transition state structure that is applicated to the potential energy surface model is in accord with the result that Is applicated to the reaction susceptibilities. The reaction Is subject to the polarity-polarizability term more than the hydrogen bond donor acidity term by application to the solvatochromic parameter eouation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2011

Reconstruction following a resection of malignant oral cavity tumors is one of the most difficult problems in recent oral oncology. The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is a thin, pliable soft tissue flap with large-caliber vessels for microvascular anastomosis. Its additional advantages include consistent flap vascular anatomy, acceptable donor site morbidity and the ability to perform simultaneous flap harvest with a tumor resection. For a better understanding of RFFF as a routine reconstructive procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery, the constant anatomical findings must be learned and memorized by young doctors during the special curriculum periods for the Korean national board of oral and maxillofacial surgery. This review article discusses the anatomical basis of RFFF in the Korean language.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1311-1316
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• 2007

To develop photo-sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) used in harvesting sunlight and transferring solar energy into electricity, we synthesize novel Ru(II) polypyridyl dyes and describe their characterization. We also investigate the photo-electrochemical properties of DSCs using these sensitizers. New dyes contain chromophore unit of dafo (4,5-diazafluoren-9-one) or phen-dione (1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione) instead of the nonchromophoric donor unit of thiocyanato ligand in cis-[RuII(dcbpy)2(NCS)2] (dcbpy = 4,4'-dicarboxy- 2,2'-bipyridine) coded as N3 dye. For example, the photovoltaic data of DSCs using [RuII(dcbpy)2(dafo)](CN)2 as a sensitizer show 6.85 mA/cm2, 0.70 V, 0.58 and 2.82% in short-circuit current (Jsc ), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (Eff), which can be compared with those of 7.90 mA/ cm2, 0.70 V, 0.53 and 3.03% for N3 dye. With the same chelating ligand directly bonded to the Ru metal in the complex, the CN ligand increases the Jsc value by double, compared to the SCN ligand. The extra binding ability in these new dyes makes them more resistant against ligand loss and photo-induced isomerization within octahedral geometry.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.3211-3217
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• 2013

Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations have been employed to investigate the molecular structures and absorption spectra of three D-${\pi}$-A-type organic dyes (C1-1, D5 and TH208) containing identical ${\pi}$-spacers and electron acceptors, but different aromatic amine electron-donating groups (tetrahydroquinoline, triphenylamine and phenothiazine). The coplanar geometries indicate that the strong conjugation is formed in the dyes. The electronic structures suggest that the intramolecular charge transfer from the donor to the acceptor occurs, and the electron-donating ability of tetrahydroquinoline is stronger than those of triphenylamine and phenothiazine. The computed orbital energy levels of these dyes confirm that the electrons could be injected from the excited dyes to the semiconductor conduction band and the oxidized dyes could be reduced effectively by electrolyte. The TD-DFT results show that the CAM-B3LYP/6-31+G(d, p) is suitable for calculating the absorption spectra. The first absorption band for these dyes is assigned to the HOMO${\rightarrow}$LUMO and HOMO-1${\rightarrow}$LUMO transitions.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 2000

Expansion in the scope and technique of head and neck tumor resection during the past two decades has paralleled precise tumor localization with advanced radiographic imaging and the availability of microvascular free tissue transfer. Especially, the defect reconstruction utilizing free flap results in improvement of patient survival due to decrease of local recurrence by wide resection of cancer. The rectus abdominis free flap has been used widely in reconstruction of the breast and extremities. However, the report of cases on its applications in the head and neck, based on the deep inferior epigastric artery and vein, is rare. This flap is one of the most versatile soft-tissue flaps. The deep inferior epigastric artery and vein are long and large-diameter vessels that are ideal for microvascular anastomosis. The skin area that can be transferred is probably the largest of all flaps presently in use. The versatility of the donor site is due to the ability to transfer large areas of skin with various thickness and amounts of underlying muscle. This article is to report reconstruction of midface defects utilizing the rectus abdominis free flap in 2 patients with maxillary squamous cell carcinoma and discuss briefly considerations in flap design and orbital exenteration, and healing of irradiated recipient site by hyperbaric oxygen therapy with literature review.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.939-945
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• 1997

Several types of 4-substituted-quinoline-2-carboxylic acid derivatives possessing different substituents at C4-position such as sulfonyl, phosphonyl, carbonyl groups, or a flexible alkyl chain have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antagonistic activity at the glycine site on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Of them, 5,7-dichloro-4-(tolylsulfonylamino)-quinoline-2-carboxylic acid 9 was found to have the best in vitro binding affinity with IC50 of 0.57 μM. On the other hand, in compounds 21 and 22 the introduction of flexible alkyl chains on C4 of the quinoline mother nuclei caused a significant decrease of the in vitro binding affinity. In addition, replacement of polar carboxylic acid group on C2 by neutral bioisosteres in compounds 23a-d also seems to be disadvantageous to in vitro activity. In the structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of the 4-substituted quinoline-2-carboxylic acid acid derivatives, it was realized that the substitution pattern on C4 significantly influences on the binding affinity for the glycine site of NMDA receptor and the binding affinity might be increased by the introduction of a suitable electron rich substituent at C4 which has the ability of H-bonding donor.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

In head and neck reconstruction, microsurgeons are faced with various demands, such as thin resurfacing, or three-dimensional reconstruction, and therefore, conventional flap as well as perforator flaps are all useful for the functional and aesthetic reconstruction successfully. Among perforator flaps, the pros and cons of anterolateral thigh perforator flap(ALTp) and thoracodorsal perforator flap(TAp) is compared and selected depending on the surgeon's preference, recipient site condition or patient status. Both flaps can be elevated in a chimeric pattern by combining different aspects of tissue components. Customized or tailored reconstruction as well as 3 dimensional reconstructions are all available with perforator flaps and it is useful in head and neck reconstruction. The most outstanding update in head and neck reconstruction is the perforator based island flap (PBIF) compared to conventional flaps. The conventional local flap has evolved on behalf of the perforator concept and its design becomes more flexible and freestyle with less limitations. Actually, random pattern flap is now a misnomer and most conventional local flaps turn into PBIFs. Finally we can say all conventional donor site becomes universal, depending on the surgeons' preference or idea. Moreover, there is no more "flap of choice" and postoperative results are quite variable by surgeons' ability. Operative procedures and plans are very flexible to freestyle flap. With all these advantages, surgeons should be armed with both conventional and perforator concepts for solving any defects or problems.