• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

This study was accomplished to identify and analyze vegetation structure of Mountainous Wetlands in Dan-yang and around area, and surveyed from September to November, 2006. 6 sites of total 16 potential Mountainous Wetlands by GIS based wetland forecasting system (Korea National Arboretum, 2006) were identified as wetlands throughout field survey by the indicators such as hydrology, soil and vegetation. By classification system of Korea National Arboretum (2006), types of wetlands were classified into 3 slope-types and 3 flat-types. To understand vegetation structure of wetlands, height, DBH (diameter at breast height), DI (Dominance Index), sociability and constancy were surveyed and the projection diagram and charts ware drawn. As results, Salix koreensis in woody plant layer and Persicaria thunbergiiin and Juncus effusus var. decipiens in herb layer were surveyed as broadly distributed species. The wetlands of Dan-yang around area were similar to those of Chung-ju around area, but the species of plants and hydrology conditions were different. This study is mainly focused on vegetation condition of Mountainous Wetlands. But, further studies on functional assessment for management and restoration of wetlands were necessary.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.378-384
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• 2003

Mesophilically-grown granular sludge seeded in thermophilic UASB reactor was monitored to better understand the start-up process of the reactor. The reactor was fed with a synthetic wastewater containing glucose. As COD loading rate increased stepwise, methane production rate increased. Maximum values of COD removal efficiency (95%) and methane production rate (5.3 l/day) were achieved by approximately day-80 and remained constant afterward. However, physicochemical and microbial properties of granules kept changing even after day-80. Specific methanogenic activity (SMA) was initially negligible, and increased continuously until day-153 and remained constant afterward, showing the maximum value of $1.51{\pm}0.13\;g\;CH_4-COD/g$ VSS/day. Deteriorated settling ability of granules recovered the initial value by day-98 and was maintained afterward, as determined by sludge volume index. Initially reduced granule size increased until day-126, reaching a plateau of 1.1 mm. Combined use of fluorescence in situ hybridization and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) allowed to localize families of Methanosaetaceae and Merhanosarcinaceae in granules with time Quantitative analyses of CLSM images of granule sections showed abundance patterns of the methanogens and numerical dominance of Methanosaeta spp. throughout the start-up period. The trend of SMA agreed well with abundance patterns of the methanogens.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.63-74
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• 1990

The present study was accomplished from March to August, 1990 in order to examine the community structure of aquatic insects and the biological estimation of water pollution levels by the aquatic inseets of Kyungan stream in Kyunggi-do. 1. The aquatic inseets of whole area composed of 78 species, 42 genera, 26 families in 8 roders. 2. The occurrence species number show highest at Gungpyung-ri(29 species) and lowest at Yongin town(1 species) 3. Dominance indices show lowest at Gungpyung-ri(0.35) and highest at Yongin town(1.00) and Choboo-ri(1.00) 4. Species diversity indices show highest at Gungpyung-ri(3.53) and lowest at Yongin town(0.00) 5. The biological estimation of each area's water quality levels based on the diversity index are as follows. Oligosaprobic area : Gungpyung-ri, Muchu-ri $\alpha$ mesosaprobic area : Yooeun-ri, Choboo-ri(K4), upper site of Wangsanri, Yeuk-ri, Wangsan-ri. $\beta$ mesosaprobic area Gonjiam-ri, Dopyoung-ri, Kyungan-ri, Wondang-ri. Polysaprobic area : Yongin town, Choboo-ri(K5)

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate phytoplankton community structure in the Naktong river from January to December in 1999. In water quality, average value of pH were 8.1, BOD 2.5mg/$\ell$, COD 5.0mg/$\ell$, Chl-a 41$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$, and $NH_4^+-N$ 0.08mg/$\ell$, respectively. Phytoplankton were identified 42 genera 76 species. Among these, diatoms were 39 species(51.3%), green algae 25 species(32.9%), cyanobacteria 4 species(5.3%), dinoflagellates 4 repectively. The highest standing crops were 33,023 cells/$m\ell$ in February at the Mulgum and the lowest 79 cells/$m\ell$ in March at the Goryung. Also, Standing crops were increased with proceeding from middle part to lower part. Seasonal succession of phytoplankton represented that Stephanodiscus hantzschii was dominant species in winter, Cyclotella menaghiniana and Synedra acus in spring, C. meneghiniana, S. acus, Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima in summer, and A. granulata var. angustissima and C. meneghiniana in autumn. Ecological important species were 4 species, that are Stephanodiscus hantzschii, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Synedra acus, and Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima. In the community analysis, dominance indices ranged from 0.434(August, Namji) to 0.999(January, February, Mulgum) and diversity indices from 0.026(February, Mulgum) to 3.073(September, Namji). According to the similarity index among the stations, it was generally defind as two areas such as middle(Goryung, Namji and Samryangjin) and lower part(Mulgum).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1141-1152
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• 2013

Insect fauna were surveyed in 2011 at Ungok wetland, Obeygol, located in Gochang, Jeonbuk, Korea. In total, 149 species belonging to 11 orders and 57 families were surveyed. Among them, Lepidopterans composed 23.5% (35 species) of the total insect numbers surveyed, comprising the most abundant group, and followed by Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Odonata with a composition of 22.1% (33 species), 17.4% (26 species), and 10.1% (15 species), respectively. Bothrogonia japonica Ishihara was the most dominant species, and followed by Gastrophysa atrocyanea Motschulsky and Celastrina argiolus (Linnaeus). Phytophagous insects accounted for 60 percent of the total species. Dominance index was the highest in spring by 0.21. Diversity, richness, and evenness indices were the highest in summer by 4.07, 11.84 and 0.96, respectively. In the study area, the legally-protect species were grouped into five groups; 9 export-restricted species, 17 endemic species, 28 indicator species, 1 climate-sensitive biological indicator and 3 southern characteristic species. Additionally, twenty forest insect pest species were surveyed, belonging to 5 orders and 15 families. Therefore, it is required to conduct long-term monitoring and appropriate management based on the ecological characteristic of the habitats to continuously conserve and maintain of wetland.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 1998

The fish fauna and community structure were surveyed at the Naerin Stream of Puk'an River from June 1996 to September 1997. The fishes collected were 36 species, 28 genera belonging to 10 families, in which 16 species were endemic species of Korea. Oncorhynchus mykiss was an exotic fish. The dominant species was Zacco temmincki(relative abundance 42.94%), and subdominant species was Moroco kumgangensis(12.91%). The rare species less than 0.03% of all were Opsariichthys bidens, Squalidus japonicus coreanus, Misgurnus mizolepis, Leiocassis ussuriensis and Siniperca scherzeri. The species diversity, evenness, and dominance index on the fish community were 0.947, 0.609, and 0.218.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.484-492
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to compare the ichthyofauna between the eelgrass bed waters located in the open sea and the nearby sea free of eelgrass, and this study collected a total of 26 species. Comparing the fish collected on the eelgrass bed (St.2) of Geomun-do coast with the fish collected on the coastal waters (St.1) void of the nearby eelgrass bed, the fish collected from the eelgrass bed included 19 species, 413 individual with 16,110.6g in weight while the fish collected from the coastal waters void of the eelgrass bed included 19 species, 290 individuals with 12,961.5g in weight. Accordingly, it was found that the population size and biomass of the fish collected from the eelgrass bed were higher than the coastal waters void of the eelgrass. This study could identify that diversity, richness, evenness index except dominance were also much higher even in the result of cluster analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2000

Bacterial wilt(Ralstonia solanacearum) is one of the major diseases of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in the world. This study was conducted to investigate degree of dominance, selection, and correlation between leaf shape and degree of bacterial wilt resistance in flue-cured tobacco. The degree of disease caused by bacterial wilt was evaluated in parents, F$_1$, F$_2$ and F$_3$ populations of two crosses, BY 4 x NC 95 and BY 4 x Coker 86, in the infected field. The leaf shape index was also measured in parents and F$_2$ population of BY 4 x NC 95. The incidence of bacterial wilt was observed in the middle of June and peaked in late July, when the highest value of pathogen density reached 1.0 x 10$^{6}$ colony forming unit per gram. It was concluded that the inheritance mode of risestance to bacterial wilt in the above two crosses of susceptible and resistant varieties was recessive and polygenic. The resistance to bacterial wilt was significantly correlated with leaf shape in F2 generation of BY 4 x NC 95. But certain plants having narrower leaves were also resistant to bacterial wilt. It is considered that the bacterial wilt resistant lines having narrower leaves could be selected. The selection for bacterial wilt resistance in the F$_2$ population might be effective.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 2008

The Purpose of this study was to offer the raw data for drawing up the conservation plan by analysing natural vegetation in Midongsan, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. The period of survey was from July to October, 2004 and the size of plot was 100$m^2$. In the results of analyzing the physical environments, the range of altitude was 303${\sim}$550m and soil pH was 5.4${\sim}$6.8. The angle of slope was 3${\sim}$57% and topographical factor was composed of ridgeline. In the results of analyzing a importance percentage, the dominant species in tree layer, Pinus rigida, P. densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Q. variabilis and Q. acutissima, P. rigida, Q. mongolica, Q. acutissima, Platycarya strobilacea and Q. variabilis in subtree layer, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Symplocos chinensis for pilosa, Lindera obtusiloba, L. erythrocarpa, Rhus trichocarpa and Weigela subsessilis in shrub layer. In the results of species diversity index, species diversity (H') was from 1.2401 to 2.5540, maximum species diversity (H'max), from 1.9459 to 2.8904, evenness (J'), from 0.5644 to 0.8836, dominance (D), from 0.1164 to 0.4356.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.117-129
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• 2010

The present study was undertaken in moist temperate forest of Mandal-Chopta area in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. The aim of the present study was to assess the physical properties of soils in relation to the forest structure and composition. Twelve forest types according to the altitude, slope aspect and species compositions were selected for the study. Physical properties of soil i.e., soil colour, soil texture (per cent of sand, silt and clay), moisture content, water holding capacity, porosity, bulk density (gm/$cm^3$) and void ratio were analyzed for three different depths viz., (i) 'upper' (0-10 cm), (ii) 'middle' (11-30 cm) and (iii) 'lower' (31-60 cm) in all the selected forest types. Phytosociological and diversity parameters viz. total basal cover ($Gha^{-1}$), stem density ($Nha^{-1}$), tree species richness, Simpson concentration of dominance and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were also calculated for each forest type. This study also provides the comparisons between the results of physical analysis of the present study with numerous other previous studies in the temperate Himalayan region of the Uttarakhand.