• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.243-269
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• 2008

The role of domain-specific causal mechanism information and domain-general conditional probability in young children's causal reasoning on physics and psychology was investigated with the participation of 121 3-year-olds and 121 4-year-olds recruited from seven child care centers in Seoul, Kyonggi Province, and Busan. Children watched moving pictures on physical and psychological phenomena, and were asked to choose an appropriate cause and justify their choice. Results showed that young children's causal reasoning differed depending on domain-specific mechanism. In addition, their causal reasoning on physics and psychology differed by the developmental level of causal mechanism. The interaction of domain-specific mechanism and domain-general conditional probability influenced children's causal reasoning : evident conditional probability between domain-appropriate cause and effect helped children make more inferences based on domain-specific causal mechanism.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.333-354
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• 2008

This study aimed to investigate the role of domain-specific causal mechanism information and domain-general conditional probability in young children's causal reasoning on psychology and biology. Participants were 121 3-year-olds and 121 4-year-olds recruited from seven childcare centers in Seoul, Kyonggi Province, and Busan. After participants watched moving pictures on psychological and biological phenomena, they were asked to choose appropriate cause and justify their choices. Results of this study were as follows: First, young children made different inferences according to domain-specific causal mechanisms. Second, the developmental level of causal mechanisms has a gap between psychology and biology, and biological knowledge was proved to be separate from psychological knowledge during the preschool period. Third, young children's causal reasoning was different depending on the interaction effect of domain-specific mechanisms and domain-general conditional probability: children could make more inferences based on domain-specific causal mechanisms if conditional probability between domain-appropriate cause and effect was evident. To conclude, it can be inferred that the role of domain-specific causal mechanisms and domain-general conditional probability is not competitive but complementary in young children's causal reasoning.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for the Gifted Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.173-180
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify common and domain-specific cognitive characteristics of gifted students based on a hierarchical structural model of human abilities. This study is based on the premise that abilities identified by tests can appear as observable characteristics in test or school situations. Abilities proposed by major models of intelligence were reviewed in terms of their power to explain cognitive characteristics of gifted students. However, due to the lack of their explanatory power and disagreement on common and domain-specific cognitive abilities, a new hierarchical structural model was conceptualized in a unique way based on interrelationships between abilities proposed by the models. The newly established model hypothesizes a cognitive mechanism that accounts for how domain-specific knowledge is formed, as well as which abilities are common and domain-specific, how they are related functionally, and how they account for common and domain-specific cognitive characteristics of gifted students. The cognitive mechanism has important implications for our understanding of the chronically controversial concepts, 'intelligence' and 'knowledge.' Clearer definitions of what intelligence is (g or multiple), what knowledge is, and how knowledge develops ('genetic or environmental,' 'rationalistic or empiricist') may result from this model.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.83-88
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• 2023

This study investigates the fine-tuning of large-scale Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models, specifically OpenAI's Whisper model, for domain-specific applications using the KsponSpeech dataset. The primary research questions address the effectiveness of targeted lexical item emphasis during fine-tuning, its impact on domain-specific performance, and whether the fine-tuned model can maintain generalization capabilities across different languages and environments. Experiments were conducted using two fine-tuning datasets: Set A, a small subset emphasizing specific lexical items, and Set B, consisting of the entire KsponSpeech dataset. Results showed that fine-tuning with targeted lexical items increased recognition accuracy and improved domain-specific performance, with generalization capabilities maintained when fine-tuned with a smaller dataset. For noisier environments, a trade-off between specificity and generalization capabilities was observed. This study highlights the potential of fine-tuning using minimal domain-specific data to achieve satisfactory results, emphasizing the importance of balancing specialization and generalization for ASR models. Future research could explore different fine-tuning strategies and novel technologies such as prompting to further enhance large-scale ASR models' domain-specific performance.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.23.1-23.5
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• 2018

Virus taxonomy was initially determined by clinical experiments based on phenotype. However, with the development of sequence analysis methods, genotype-based classification was also applied. With the development of genome sequence analysis technology, there is an increasing demand for virus taxonomy to be extended from in vivo and in vitro to in silico. In this study, we verified the consistency of the current International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses taxonomy using an in silico approach, aiming to identify the specific sequence for each virus. We applied this approach to norovirus in Caliciviridae, which causes 90% of gastroenteritis cases worldwide. First, based on the dogma "protein structure determines its function," we hypothesized that the specific sequence can be identified by the specific structure. Firstly, we extracted the coding region (CDS). Secondly, the CDS protein sequences of each genus were annotated by the conserved domain database (CDD) search. Finally, the conserved domains of each genus in Caliciviridae are classified by RPS-BLAST with CDD. The analysis result is that Caliciviridae has sequences including RNA helicase in common. In case of Norovirus, Calicivirus coat protein C terminal and viral polyprotein N-terminal appears as a specific domain in Caliciviridae. It does not include in the other genera in Caliciviridae. If this method is utilized to detect specific conserved domains, it can be used as classification keywords based on protein functional structure. After determining the specific protein domains, the specific protein domain sequences would be converted to gene sequences. This sequences would be re-used one of viral bio-marks.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1015-1025
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• 2015

The development of diverse polymyxin derivatives is needed to solve the toxicity and resistance problems of polymyxins. However, no platform has generated polymyxin derivatives by genetically engineering a polymyxin synthetase, which is a nonribosomal peptide synthetase. In this study, we present a two-step approach for the construction of engineered polymyxin synthetases by substituting the adenylation (A) domains of polymyxin A synthetase, which is encoded by the pmxABCDE gene cluster of Paenibacillus polymyxa E681. First, the seventh L-threonine-specific A-domain region in pmxA was substituted with the L-leucine-specific A-domain region obtained from P. polymyxa ATCC21830 to make polymyxin E synthetase, and then the sixth D-leucine-specific A-domain region (A_6-D-Leu-domain) was substituted with the D-phenylalanine-specific A-domain region (A_6-D-Phe-domain) obtained from P. polymyxa F4 to make polymyxin B synthetase. This step was performed in Escherichia coli on a pmxA-containing fosmid, using the lambda Red recombination system and the sacB gene as a counter-selectable marker. Next, the modified pmxA gene was fused to pmxBCDE on the chromosome of Bacillus subtilis BSK4dA, and the resulting recombinant strains BSK4-PB and BSK4-PE were confirmed to produce polymyxins B and E, respectively. We also succeeded in constructing the B. subtilis BSK4-PP strain, which produces polymyxin P, by singly substituting the A_6-D-Leu-domain with the A_6-D-Phe-domain. This is the first report in which polymyxin derivatives were generated by genetically engineering polymyxin synthetases. The two recombinant B. subtilis strains will be useful for improving the commercial production of polymyxins B and E, and they will facilitate the generation of novel polymyxin derivatives.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.21-41
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• 2005

An Enterprise Architecture (EA) Framework is a tool which supports implementation of the Enterprise architecture that is used to enhance the interoperability of the IT components. In this paper, we propose a framework named as ENAE (ENterprise Architecture Framework) which combines enterprise architecture unit (AU), reference model, and association relationship between domain model. Architecture Unit is defined as a minimum set of a business process and its associated components such as application system and technical components. An EA can be designed and implemented by the aggregating the related AUs including association relationship between Architecture Units. Because UML model has limitations to describe business domain semantics because it is designed for general purpose, we adapt the DSM (Domain Specific Modeling) concept. We describe association relationship between Architecture Units designed by Domain Specific Modeling through Topic Map. Session 2 describes related works about Enterprise Architecture frameworks, Domain Specific Modeling, and Topic Map, while Session 3 explains components of the ENAF. Finally Session 4 shows the case study for implementation of the new Framework called ENAF.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.159-161
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• 2002

Bacteriophage lambda integrase carries out the site-specific recombination of lambda. Integrase contains two DNA binding domains with distinct sequence specificity, namely arm-type binding and core-type binding domains. The amino-terminal arm-binding domain is structurally related to the three-stranded $\beta-sheet$ family of DNA-binding domains. Integrase binding to the high affinity arm-type site by the amino-terminal domain facilitates Int binding to the low affinity core-type site, where the cleavage and strand exchange occurs. The amino-terminal domain of Int also modulates the core-binding and catalysis through intramolecular domain-domain interaction and/or intermolecular interactions between Int monomers. In addition, the amino-terminal domain interacts cooperatively with excisionase during excision. This indicates that amino-terminal domain of Int plays an important role in formation of proper higher-order nucleoprotein structure required for lambda site-specific recombination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2017

Implementation of Model-based Systems Engineering(MBSE) depends on a model supporting efficient communication among engineers from various domains. And SysML is designed to create models supporting MBSE but unfortunately, SysML itself is not practical enough to be used in real-world engineering projects. SysML is designed to express generic systems and requires specialized knowledge, so a model written in SysML is less capable of supporting communication between a systems engineer and a sub-system engineer. Domain Specific Languages(DSL) can be a great solution to overcome the weakness of the standard SysML. A SysML based DSL means a customized SysML for a specific engineering domain. Unfortunately, current researches on SysML Domain Specific Language(DSL) for the plant engineering industry are still on the early stage. So as the first step, we have developed our own SysML based Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) creation environment and P&ID itself of a specific plant system, using a widely used SysML authoring tool called MagicDraw. P&ID is one of the most critical output during the plant design phase, which contains all information required for the plant construction phase. So a SysML based P&ID has a great potential to enhance the communication among plant engineers of various disciplines.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.341-367
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• 2008

This study propose a model relating supplier's use of IOIS(Inter-Organizational Information Systems) to strategic benefits through extension of Subramani's research model. In extended model, collaboration serves as a safeguard for relationship-specific intangible asset. Specifically, we evaluate how two patterns of IOIS use by supplier(exploitation and exploration) relate to two specific types of relationship-specific intangible asset(business process specificity and domain knowledge specificity), which in turn are posited to promote collaboration and strategic benefits. To explore the current study, questionnaire survey was conducted on 72 first-tier supplier firms in the manufacturing industry. Based on the survey results, we posits the following : (1) Each pattern of IOIS use directly promotes a specific type of relationship-specific intangible asset. The path of the relationship between IOIS use for exploitation and domain knowledge specificity is positive but not significant. The other paths are positive and significant. (2) Both types of relationship-specific intangible asset have a positive and significant impact on collaboration. (3) Domain knowledge specificity influences on strategic benefits but business process specificity does not have an effect on them. (4) Collaboration affects supplier's strategic benefits. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the mechanism of how the pattern of IOIS use can result in strategic benefits for supplier firms.