• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.221-226
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• 1993

To study effective dossage and administration route for scaling, ketamine HCl/propionyl promazine HCl(ketamine) combination and tiletamine HCl/zolazepam HCl(zoletil) were administered in one hundred six dogs. The dogs were toy poodle, Yorkshire Terrier, Pekingese and Chihuahua. Scaling and polishing time, possible treatment time after the first injection of anesthetics, the number of anethesia added, presence of tongue movement during anesthesia, the presence of swaying sign during recovery and respiration were evaluated. The possible treatment time after the first Injection of anesthetic in toy poodle were 26.3${\pm}$3.0 minutes with intravenous(IM) treatment of ketamine 10mg/kg, and 21.4${\pm}$6.6 minutes with intramuscula(IM) treatment of zoletil 8mg/kg, In Yorkshire Terrier were 19.51: 1.7 minutes with IV treatment of ketamine 10mg/kg. 19.0${\pm}$5.2 minutes IM and 20.8${\pm}$6.1 minutes with IM treatment of zoletil 5mg/kg,24.8${\pm}$3,5 minutes with IM treatment of zoletil 8mg/kg. In pekingese were 27.5${\pm}$2.1 minutes with IM treatment of ketamine 10mg/kg,28.0${\pm}$4.2 minutes with IM treatment of zoletil 8mg/kg. In Chihuahua were 19.5${\pm}$1.9 minutes with IV treatment of ketamine 7mg/kg, 17.5${\pm}$1.7 minutes with IM treatment of ketamine 10mg/kg and 20.3${\pm}$3.8 minutes with IM treatment of zoletil 5mg/kg, 21.2${\pm}$5.5 minutes with IM treatment of zoletil 8mg/kg. Swaying sign was observed in all group during recovery time, espically, in toy poodle and Yorkshire Terrier which administered zoletil 8mg/kg IM showed more severe swaying sign. The present results suggested that injection of zoletil 8mg/kg IM might be relatively effective for scaling in Chihuahua Within 20 minutes treatment for scaling in Yorkshire Terrier and Chihuahua, IM treatment of ketamine 7 to 10mg/kg is recommended.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.415-433
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• 1999

Implant stability is the key to long-term successful outcome for osseointegrated implants. To evaluate the initial healing response of bone around HA-coated implants without primary bone contact. 21 HA-coated thread type implants(STERI-OSS?) were placed in the femurs of 5 mongrel dogs, about 1-year old. Implants, 8 mm in length and 3.8mm(experimental 1group), 5.0mm(experimental 2group) and 6.0mm(control group) in diameter, were inserted after 3 holes of 6.0mm in diameter and 10mm in depth were prepared in the surgical sites each dog. Implants were supported by only nonresorbable membrane($Teflon^{(R)}$), in order to prevent the ingrowth of upper soft tissue into the gap between bone and implant, and to maintain each implant to be positioned in the center of the drilled hole. 9 implants with different diameters were inserted in 3 dogs for histologic observation, and 12 implants were inserted in 2 dogs for mobility test and removal torque test. Fluorescent dyes were injected for the observation of new bone formation in order of $Terramycin^{(R)}$, Arizarin $Red^{(R)}$, and $Calcein^{(R)}$ at an interval of 2 weeks. 3 dogs were sacrificed for histologic observation at 4, 8, and 12-week after placement. Light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to qualitatively characterize the bone around HA-coated implant. 2 dogs were sacrificed for mobility test($Periotest^{(R)}$, Simens AG, Bensheim, Germany) and removal torque test($Autograph^{(R)}$ AGS-1000D series, Japan) at 8 and 12-week after placement The results were as follows: 1. Histologic observation showed that osseointegration occurred to both control and experimental groups as time lapse, but delayed bone healing was revealed in 3.8mm group (experimental 1group), compared to contrtol group and 5.0mm group (experimental 2group). 2. The mobility test showed that the experimental groups had no distinguishable movement during experimental periods of 8 and 12-week, and there was no difference in mobility depending on the gap between bone and implant, and time lapse. 3. The removal torque forces were increased depended on the gaps decreasing between bone and implant, and time lapse. The results suggest that HA-coated implant without primary bone contact, based on guided bone regeneration could obtain its stability in all experimental groups as time lapse, but bone healing was delayed in experimental group of 3.8mm. And the results suggested that studies on correlationship between mobility test and removal torque test for implant stability would be necessary.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.470-473
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• 2012

말라세지아성 외이염에 대한 아로마치료법 (아로마오일)과 약침치료법 (아피톡신)을 적용하여 임상증상 개선효과를 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 실시하였다. 실험군 5두는 아로마치료와 약침을 실시하였고 대조군 5두는 케토코나졸을 적용하였다. 임상증상은 대조군과 실험군에서 치료 전에 비해 각각 치료 후 2주 후에 유의성 있는 개선효과를 나타내었다 (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). ALT 수치는 대조군에서 치료 전에 비해 치료 후 1주, 2주 후에 각각 유의성 있는 증가소견을 나타내었다 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). 실험군의 ALT 수치의 변화는 대조군에 비해 치료 1주 후, 2주 후에 각각 유의성 있는 감소소견을 나타내었다 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). 결론적으로 말라세지아성 외이염에 대한 아로마치료법(아로마 오일)과 약침치료법은 효과가 있으며 대조군에 비해 간독성은 적은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.562-565
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• 2011

2008년 1월부터 2010년 3월까지 만성 각막 상피 결손증으로 서울대학교 부속 동물병원에 내원한 환자 27마리 (25두: 단안, 2두: 양안)를 대상으로 점안마취 하에 격자 각막 절개법을 적용하였다. 처치 후 7-14일 간격으로 재진하였으며, 형광염색 시 음성이고, 각막 표면이 안정화될 때까지 반복 처치하였다. 이중 86.2%에 해당하는 25안에서 각막 궤양이 치유되었으며, 평균 치유기간은 $15.92{\pm}9.19$일 (7-39일)이었다. 병변이 악화되거나 각막 절개법을 최초로 시행 후 6주가 지나도 병변이 치유되지 않는 4안의 경우, 전신마취 하에 각막 절개법 및 제 3 안검 플랩을 적용하였으며, 2주 후 플랩을 제거했을 때, 병변이 모두 치유된 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 각막 절개법은 만성 각막 상피 결손증에 유용한 치료법이라고 사료되며, 반복적인 처치에도 재발하거나 시술의 성공률을 높이기 위해서는 각막절개법과 제 3 안검 플랩을 함께 실시할 것이 추천된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.447-454
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• 2012

본 실험에서는 propofol과 remifentanil 병용 마취법 사용 시 안압 및 혈액학적 변화를 측정하고 isoflurane 마취 결과와 비교하였다. 건강한 14마리의 비글견을 7마리씩 2군 (PRP군, ISF군)으로 나누었으며 PRP군은 마취 도입 10분 전에 acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg, IV)으로 전마취제 투여하고 atracurium 0.1 mg/kg 투여 후, propofol (5 mg/kg, IV)으로 마취 유도하였다. 마취 유지에는 propofol (0.2 mg/kg/min)과 remifentanil ($0.5{\mu}g/kg/min$)을 사용하였다. ISF군에서는 propofol (5~7 mg/kg, IV)로 마취를 유도하고, isoflurane 흡입마취법으로 마취를 유지하였다. 초기 isoflurane 농도를 3%으로 유지하다가 마취가 안정된 후 1.9%로 낮추어 유지 하였다. 모든 군에서 간헐적인 100% 양압 호흡을 사용해 $CO_2$는 38에서 45 mmHg사이를 유지하고 $SpO_2$는 95에서 100사이를 유지하였다. 총 마취 시간은 90분이었으며 안압, 혈압, 심박수를 각각 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90에 측정을 하였다. 실험 결과 propofol과 remifentanil 병용마취법이 isoflurane 흡입마취법 보다 안정적으로 안압과 혈압을 낮출 수 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.668-673
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• 2010

본 연구는 tramadol과 medetomidine이 개에서 isoflurane의 최소폐포농도에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. Isoflurane의 최소폐포농도는 1 ml의 생리식염수(control), $2{\mu}g$/kg의 medetomidine (M2), 4 mg/kg의 tramadol (T4), $2{\mu}g$/kg medetomidine과 4 mg/kg tramadol (M2T4)의 투여 네 가지 경우에 따라 측정되었다. 실험 중 심박수, 혈압, 호흡수, 호기말 이산화탄소분압, 혈중산소포화도, 체온을 측정하였다. M2, T4, M2T4 투여 후 isoflurane의 최소 폐포농도는 각각 $0.81{\pm}0.17%$, $0.81{\pm}0.14%$, $0.62{\pm}0.13%$로 대조군$1.13{\pm}0.19%$ 에 비해서 낮았다. 심박수는 M2, T4, M2T4 투여 시 낮았고 혈압은 M2T4투여 시에만 유의적으로 높았다. Tramadol 과 medetomidine의 투여 및 두 약물의 혼합투여는 isoflurane의 최소폐포농도를 유의적으로 낮추었다. 특히 tramadol과 medetomidine의 혼합투여는 마취제의 절감효과와 심혈관계에 있어 변화가 적기 때문에 전마취제로서 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.713-717
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• 2010

추간판 탈출증은 개에서 일반적인 신경학적 질병이다. 수의 신경학 임상에서 흉요추 추간판 탈출증의 비수술적 치료 또는 수술적 치료의 결과는 잘 보고되어 있다. 그러나 경추 추간판 탈출증의 비수술적 치료 또는 수술적 치료의 결과에 대해서는 상대적으로 적게 알려져 있다. 우리의 목적은 경추 추간판 탈출증을 가진 개에서의 수술적 치료와 비수술적 치료후의 결과에 대해 체계적으로 조사하는 것이다. 수술적 치료를 실시한 개의 치료 성공률(100%, 25/25) 이 비수술적 치료를 실시한 개의 치료 성공률(51.4%, 18/35) 에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 비수술적 치료군에서 치료 성공률과 척수 압박률과는 부정적인 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 경추 추간판 탈출증을 가진 개에서의 수술적 치료는 비수술적 치료에 비해 더 효과적이었다. 또한 CT 또는 MRI 상에서 확인된 척수압박의 정도는 비수술적 치료에서 유용한 예후의 지표가 되었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.631-634
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• 2010

본 연구는 대전시와 강원도에서 사육중인 개 252두 (암컷: 127두, 수컷: 125두, 실외견: 147두, 실내견: 105두)를 대상으로 ELISA kit (SNAP 4Dx, IDEXX Lab. USA)를 이용하여 심장사상충증, 아나플라즈마증, 보렐리아증 및 얼리키아증에 대한 혈청학적 방법으로 발생율을 조사하였다. 아나플라즈마증은 암컷에서 실내견보다 실외견에서 유의성 있는 높은 감염율을 나타내었다. 또한 얼리키아증에서는 연령별로 분석한 결과, 실외견에서 실내견보다 4세미만, 4-7세사이, 7세 이상에서 각각 유의성 있는 높은 감염율을 나타내었다. 본 연구는 임상가들에게 유용한 임상자료로 활용될 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.5-41
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was performed to analyse four week repeated dose toxicity of Sweet Bee Venom(Sweet BV) extracted from the bee venom in Beagle dogs. Methods: All experiments were conducted under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) at Biotoxtech Company, a non-clinical study authorized institution. Male and female Beagle dogs of 5-6 months old were chosen for the pilot study of four week repeated dose toxicity of Sweet BV which was administered at the level of 0.56mg/kg body weight which is eighty times higher than the clinical application dosage as the high dosage, followed by 0.28 and 0.14mg/kg as midium and low dosage, respectively. Equal amount of excipient(normal saline) to the Sweet BV experiment groups was administered as the control group every day for four weeks. Results: 1. No mortality was witnessed in all of the experiment groups. 2. All experiment groups were appealed pain sense in the treating time compared to the control group, and hyperemia and movement disorder were observed around the area of administration in all experiment groups, and higher occurrence in the higher dosage treatment. 3. For weight measurement, Neither male nor female groups showed significant changes. 4. In the urine analysis, CBC and biochemistry didn't show any significant changes in the experiment groups compared with control group. 5. For weight measurement of organs, experiment groups didn't show any significant changes compared with control group. 6. To verify abnormalities of organs and tissues, thigh muscle which treated with Sweet BV, cerebrum, liver, lung, kidney, and spinal cords were removed and conducted histologocal observation with H-E staining. In the histologocal observation of thigh muscle, cell infiltration, inflammatory, degeneration, necrosis of muscle fiber, and fibrosis were found in both thigh tissue. And the changes were depend on the dose of Sweet BV. But another organs were not detected in any abnormalities. 7. The proper high dosage of Sweet BV for the thirteen week repeated test in Beagle dogs may be 0.28mg/kg in one time. Conclusion: Above findings suggest that Sweet BV is relatively safe treatment medium. Further studies on the subject should be conducted to yield more concrete evidences.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1983

The in vivo and in vitro buffer capacities of true plasma and tissue buffer capaciies were compared on dogs. Intracellular pH was determined on skeletal muscle by a modification of the method of Schloerb and Grantham using $C^{14}$ DMO. The in vivo curve for plasma or extracellular fluid has a much lower slope than the in vitro curve. The in vivo slope of skeletal muscle in the dog is approximately 20 sl. The slope for skeletal muscle in vivo falls between the in vitro and in vivo slopes of true plasma. It appears that intracellular hydrogen ion varies linearly with extracellular hydrogen ion when $CO_2$ tension is changed. Both hydrogen ion gradient and Hi/He ratio vary in skeletal muscle, with an increase in $CO_2$ tension. Infusion of 0.3N HCl gave two distinct patterns, the $H_i-H_e$ gradient decreased; and it would appear that very little hydrogen ion as such penetrated to the inside of the cells during the time of observation. Although lactic acid presumably enters the cell and the same of larger load was given as was used for hydrochloric acid, only very mild intracellular acidosis resulted, ostensibly due to metabolism of this substrate. Gluconic acid produced a more severe acidosis, both intracellularly and extracellularly, but with both of these acids the hydrogen ion gradient decreased and the $H_i/H_e$ ratio also decreased. The experiments on the dogs with hemorrhagic shock the hydrogen ion increase producing the acidosis originates inside the cells. Even so, the hydrogen ion gradient increased only very slightly in the acute experiments. This may suggest that even over short intervals of time skeletal muscle cells have a capacity to pump out hydrogen ions at a rate which maintains approximately the normal $H_i/H_e$ gradient when the source of the hydrogen ion is in the interior of the cell.