• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1623-1627
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• 2005

Heavy metal pollution has become a serious health concern in recent years. Dogs are a very good indicator of the pollution load on the environment. They share people's environment and are exposed to the action of the same pollutants. This study estimated the heavy metal contents in the serum of dogs in domestic districts, and assessed the age, sex, feeding habits, living area, breeding environment and smoking habit of the owners. The findings suggest that dogs can be used to monitor the environmental quality of heavy metals. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in the dog serum from 204 samples (108 male and 96 female) were 0.22${\pm}$0.01 $\mu$g/ml, 0.24${\pm}$0.04 $\mu$g/ml, 0.61${\pm}$0.08 $\mu$g/ml, and 0.50${\pm}$0.06 $\mu$g/ml (for Cd, Hg, Pb, and Cr), respectively. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg, and Cr in the dog serum were higher in Yeongnam including Ulsan, and Seoul higher than those of Chungchong and Honam, especially Pb concentration, which was significantly higher (p<0.01). Concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, and Cr in serum, were increased by age (p<0.05). When commercial pet food was provided to dogs, Cd and Cr concentrations were significantly higher in dog serum than dogs fed a human diet (p<0.01 in Cd and p<0.05 in Cr). Heavy metal concentrations of dogs owned by smoking owners, were higher than non-smoking owners although there was no significant difference.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.361-364
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• 1997

The paper is to report a case of zinc-deficient parakeratotic hyperkeratosis in a dog. In this dermatosis, although an available diagnosis of zinc-deficient dermatosis is to analyse the serum or hair zinc Bevels, exact analysis of zinc is difficult and unreliable due to contamination of zinc by various environmental, physiologic and disease-related factors. Diagnosis may be performed by history, physical examination and blood chemical analysis. Laboratory evaluation revealed hypercholesterolemia and low activities of serum alkaline photophatase and total protein. The dog showed thick crusts at the elbows joint, stifle joint and testis. Zinc sulfate is administered per oral to patient with application of salicylic acid added vaseline ointment on hyperkaratic lesions. The dog is successfully cured.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.166-172
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• 2019

Heart rate is a relatively simple and non-invasive method that is used as an important physiological indicator in many studies and has a close relationship with heart structure and function, cardiovascular disease and sudden cardiac death. In general, appropriately low heart rate during resting means effective heart function and cardiovascular fitness; heart rate at recovery is an important indicator of health and disease condition. We found a beagle dog (Dog_1) with a high heart rate in the previous preliminary experiment. Therefore, purpose of this study was to compare the heart rate response of the Dog_1 with the control group during 12 weeks of interval exercise, to evaluate the structural and functional abnormalities of the heart and to verify the applicability of exercise program. Heart rate was checked during 12 weeks of interval exercise, and after the exercise was over, imaging examination and hematological and serum biochemistry were performed. As a result, Dog_1 (165.6 ± 1.5) showed significantly higher heart rate in low intensity session of interval exercise than control group (133.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.01). In addition, Dog_1 (181.2 ± 1.4) showed significantly higher heart rate than control group (155.1 ± 0.9) in high intensity session (p < 0.01). The heart rate (30 sec, 60 sec) during recovery state was higher in Dog_1 (30 sec: 156.8 ± 4.0, 60 sec: 166.8 ± 5.8) than in the control group (30 sec: 111.2 ± 2.5, 60 sec: 104.0 ± 5.1, p < 0.01). The results of the imaging examination of Dog_1 with high heart rate confirmed that the heart had no functional and structural abnormalities. All beagles with the interval exercise program did not show maladjustment, and in the hematological and serum biochemistry results, all the parameter were within the reference range. If the interval exercise program of this study is used in the future, it is expected to be used as an important basic data to achieve the purpose of health, welfare, and physical fitness improvement of dogs.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.211-215
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• 2018

The following experiments were designed to examine the effect of serum of spayed dogs on superovulation response in mice and rats. In Experiment 1, female mice at diestrus (n=30) were divided into three equal groups and superovulated with either administration of 5 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) or recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) (reducing dose from 2.5 to 0.5 IU) and 5 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administered 48h later. Serum of spayed dogs was administered intraperitoneally at a reduced dose from 0.1 to 0.025 mL in a 48 h period. In Experiment 2, female rats (n=30) at diestrus stage were divided into three equal groups. Superovulation was induced using either 30 IU PMSG, or a dose reduced from 5 to 1 IU rFSH and 25 IU hCG administered 48h later. Serum of spayed dogs was administered in a reduced dose from 0.6 to 0.1 mL in a 48 hour period. Female mice and rats were mated 24 h following hCG administration. On day 14 after mating, animals were euthanized and ovarian sections were fixed for histopathological evaluation and corpus luteum (CL) counting. No significant difference observed in mean (${\pm}SEM$) number of CLs between the PMSG group and the mice that received serum of spayed dog ($10.4{\pm}1.3$ vs $9.2{\pm}1.0$). Mean (${\pm}SEM$) number of CLs tended to be lower in rats that received serum of spayed dog than those of rats which received either PMSG or rFSH ($15.1{\pm}1.9$ vs $23.6{\pm}3.1$ and $23.1{\pm}2.9$, P=0.06, respectively). In conclusion, serum of spayed dogs is able to induce a superovulatory response in mice and rats.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.377-380
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• 2017

An 8-year-old, shih-tzu female dog was referred due to neurological signs including paraparesis and back pain. On the complete blood count, hematologic analysis showed elevated leukocytosis. Serum biochemical analysis revealed elevated serum alkaline phosphatase concentration and C-reactive protein concentration. On the neurologic exam, the dog was suspected to have thoracolumbar myelopathy. On magnetic resonance imaging, there were masses within the spinal canal at L1-3 intervertebral disc space that were located dorsal to spinal cord. It was hyperintense on T1-, T2-weighted magnetic resonance images, Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and fat suppression images. The contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images showed no enhancement. The lesions were well circumscribed. The spinal cord was compressed and displaced ventrally by the mass. After removal of the masses via L1-L3 dorsal laminectomy, pyogranulomatous inflammation was confirmed by histopathological examination. Six months after surgery, the dog recovered uneventfully and remained fully ambulatory with no neurological deficits. This case demonstrates the utility of magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of spinal canal pyogranulomatous inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 2009

A 6-year-old, spayed female Miniature Pinscher dog with chronic vomiting lasted for 7 weeks was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University. Physical examination, complete blood counts, serum chemistry, gastroscopy, upper gastrointestinal series, endoscopic biopsy and histopathological examination were performed for the diagnosis. The complete blood counts and serum biochemistry revealed no remarkable effect to the patient's general condition. Gastroscopy revealed erosion, erythema in mucosal surface of gastric lesions and endoscopic biopsy performed. No significant findings in upper gastrointestinal series were observed, and histopathologic examination revealed infiltration of lymphocyte in the gastric mucosa. Based on these findings, the dog was diagnosed with lymphocytic gastritis. The dog were treated by metronidazole and ranitidine with hypoallergenic diet, and then the patient showed no vomiting or other complications.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the serum creative kinase(CK) activity and CK isoenzyme in Jindo dog. Serum CK activity and CK-isoenzyme were analyzed in 53 Jindo dogs of both sexes. The mean value and normal range of serum CK activity were 24.1 lu/$\ell$ and 7-91 lu/$\ell$, respectively, in 29 female dogs, 24.8 lu/$\ell$ and 8-89 lu/$\ell$ in 24 male dogs. The CK activity of the Puppy showed a tendency to be higher than that of the adult. There was no significance between Puppy and adult. Three isoenzymes (CK-MM, CK- BB, and CK-MB) were recognized in serum. The mean percentages of female and male were as follows: 48.31fp and 48.1% for CK-MM, 35.49) and 33.61fp for CK-BB, and 8.2% and 10.1% for CK-MB in the puppy and 46.21% and 46.1 % for CK-MM, 36.3% and 37.6% for CK-BB and 10.5% and 9.5% for CK-MB in the adult.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.204-209
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• 2021

A seven-month-old castrated male Chihuahua weighing 1.6 kg presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizure following ingestion of isoniazid. Emergency treatment with three doses of diazepam (total 1.5 mg/kg, intravenous [IV]) and phenobarbital (15 mg/kg IV) was administered. The seizure stopped after administration of propofol (constant rate infusion [CRI]; 0.2 mg/kg/min). Blood analyses showed mildly increased serum blood glucose concentration, hyperkalemia, and hyperphosphatemia. On suspicion of isoniazid toxicity, activated charcoal (1 g/kg, orally), lipid emulsion (CRI; 9 mL/hr), and pyridoxine hydrochloride (70 mg/kg IV) were added to the treatment regimen. Twelve hours after presentation, the dog showed increased serum liver enzyme activities, serum blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrations indicating hepatic and renal failure. Twenty-two hours after presentation, blood analysis still revealed increased liver enzyme activities, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrations with low blood glucose concentration. Twenty-six hours after presentation, the dog's vital signs deteriorated and the owner elected for the dog to be euthanized. This is the first report of the clinical course of isoniazid toxicosis in a dog in South Korea. Furthermore, to our best knowledge, this is the first report where secondary multiple organ failure was observed due to isoniazid toxicosis. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of isoniazid toxicosis in dogs. Rapid initiation of treatment after clinical recognition is warranted in such cases.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.442-447
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• 2001

A 2-year-old 4.0-kg female Shih Tzu with history of hematemesis and melena was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul national University for further evaluation and treatment. During physical examination, the dog revealed mild depression, dry mucous membrane and abdominal pain. Hematologic values were normal and serum chemical values showed increased serum bile acid (53.47 umol/l, preprandial), fasting serum ammonia concentration (184 g/dl), alanine transferase (98 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (871 U/L) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (21 U/L), and decreased blood urea nitrogen (4 mg/dl), total protein (4.1 g/dl) and albumin (1.2 g/dl). Microhepatica was shown in abdominal radiography. During the ultrasound examination, dilated tortuous vein communicating with caudal vena cava ws observed near the stomach. Intraoperative jejunal vein portography was performed during laparotomy to confirm the location and size of shunt vessel. According to history taking, physical examination, hematologic and serum chemical examination and radiographic study, it was diagnosed as single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. The anomalous vessel (7 mm, o.d.) that enter the caudal vena cava from the left gastric vein, near the level of the diaphragm, was identified. A Ameroid constrictor (5 mm, i.d.) was applied to the shunting vessel near the caudal vena cava. Hematologic and serum chemical values recovered gradually and were revealed normal values 4 months after surgery. Four month after surgery serum bile acids concentrations were 0.56 $\mu$mol/l (preprandial) and 18.45 umol/l (postprandial). Abdominal radiograph showed normal gastric axis and it revealed normal size of the liver. Fine texture and increased echogenecity of liver and enlargement of portal vein were shown in ultrasonography. Single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt might be treated surgically using Ameroid constrictor.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.249-252
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• 2009

A 6-year-old, neutered male, Schnauzer was presented with a one year history of weight loss and exercise intolerance. Physical examination revealed abdominal distention and ecchymosis on the abdominal skin. CBC and serum chemistry profiles revealed anemia and increased serum liver enzymes. Ultrasonography revealed a large liver mass which was characterized by multiple hypoechoic lesions. Postmortem examination revealed primary hepatic hemangiosarcoma. The tumor had extended to the mesentery and diaphragm, but distant metastasis was not found. This case report describes primary hepatic hemangiosarcoma which is very rare in a dog.