Journal of Veterinary Clinics (한국임상수의학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics (한국임상수의학회)
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A Case of Isoniazid Intoxication in a Dog

  • Oh, Jimin (Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Hong-Seok (Liebe Animal Medical Center) ;
  • Kang, Ji-Houn (Western Veterinary Medical Center) ;
  • Kang, Byeong-Teck (Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Yang, Mhan-Pyo (Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Hakhyun (Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2021.03.28
  • Accepted : 2021.07.28
  • Published : 2021.08.31
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Abstract

A seven-month-old castrated male Chihuahua weighing 1.6 kg presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizure following ingestion of isoniazid. Emergency treatment with three doses of diazepam (total 1.5 mg/kg, intravenous [IV]) and phenobarbital (15 mg/kg IV) was administered. The seizure stopped after administration of propofol (constant rate infusion [CRI]; 0.2 mg/kg/min). Blood analyses showed mildly increased serum blood glucose concentration, hyperkalemia, and hyperphosphatemia. On suspicion of isoniazid toxicity, activated charcoal (1 g/kg, orally), lipid emulsion (CRI; 9 mL/hr), and pyridoxine hydrochloride (70 mg/kg IV) were added to the treatment regimen. Twelve hours after presentation, the dog showed increased serum liver enzyme activities, serum blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrations indicating hepatic and renal failure. Twenty-two hours after presentation, blood analysis still revealed increased liver enzyme activities, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrations with low blood glucose concentration. Twenty-six hours after presentation, the dog's vital signs deteriorated and the owner elected for the dog to be euthanized. This is the first report of the clinical course of isoniazid toxicosis in a dog in South Korea. Furthermore, to our best knowledge, this is the first report where secondary multiple organ failure was observed due to isoniazid toxicosis. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of isoniazid toxicosis in dogs. Rapid initiation of treatment after clinical recognition is warranted in such cases.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank the owner of the dog included in this report. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2021R1F1A1061799).

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