• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.71-74
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• 1986

The author tried to clarify the distribution of the total length and body weight of the file h, Navodos modcstus, caught by trawl net during July, 1984 in the southern sea korea. Among the catches of five times fishing operation, 1540 individuals were randomly sampled for the measurement. The results are summarized as follows; " The distribution of total length showed bimodal type, wbich was able to analyzed into two normal distributions N(17.46, 1. 02^2) and N(22.09, 1. 77^2). And smaller group was much than older one. The age of the sample estimated from the total length distribution of. smaller group was 1. 5 to 2, and the larger group 2. 5 to 4. The relationship between the total length and the body weight can be presented as following equation: $$W=0.01726 L^{2.8507}$$ ' or $$W= 0.01109 L^{3.0}$$ or $$W= 0.01109 L^{3.0}$$.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2005

To prepare oligouronic acids from high-molecular-weight alginates, sea tangle Laminaria japonicus alginates were hydrolyzed at $80^{\circ}C$ for various hydrolysis times (HT). The effects of hydrolysis time on the distribution ratios (DR) of the molecular weights (MW) of the hydrolyzed alginates were in-vestigated. As HT increased, the DR of the alginates with MW>500 kDa decreased ex-ponentially, while those with MW=50-100 kDa or MW<50 kDa increased exponentially. For MW=300-500 kDa, DR increased exponentially until HT reached 60 min, and then decreased exponentially. Similarly, for MW=100-300 kDa, DR increased exponentially until HT reached 90 min, and then decreased.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.312-316
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• 2013

Caffeine is a thermogenic agent that can be used in weight loss products. In order to achieve a sustained release of caffeine, silk fibroin (SF) film was uses as carrier. It has been shown that the loading method of caffeine into SF film affected the uniform distribution of caffeine in the SF film. When caffeine was added directly into SF solution, gelation has been occurred immediately and prevented the uniform distribution of caffeine. On the other hand, caffeine was dissolved in methanol in order to load the caffeine in SF film and crystallize the SF film at the same time. However, due to the fast evaporation of methanol, caffeine was recrystallized on the surface of SF film rather than penetrating into the film. Finally, caffeine was loaded into pre-crystallized SF film and uniform distribution of caffeine could be achieved. There was an initial burst of caffeine during the first 15 min, but after that a sustained release was achieved.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.1537-1542
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• 2018

This study aimed to identify the effects of kinesio taping (KT) applied in a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) pattern on the pain, weight-bearing distribution (WBD), and walking ability of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. Thirty women with KOA were randomly allocated to a control group (n=15) with KT at the quadriceps only, and a PNF pattern group (n=15) with KT at the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscle. Pain intensity was measured using a visual analogue scale during walking. In addition, WBD, and walking ability were measured before and 30 minutes after KT application. The VAS significantly reduced in both groups after the intervention (p<.05). WBD (p<.05, ES=.32) and walking ability (p<.05, ES=.38) showed a significant change in the PNF pattern group, and in the inter-group comparison, the PNF pattern group showed a significant difference compared to the control groups. These results demonstrate that KT application with PNF pattern effectively attenuate the pain and improves WBD and walking ability in KOA patients.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2020

Recently, linear codes constructed from defining sets have been studied widely and determined their complete weight enumerators and weight enumerators. In this paper, we obtain complete weight enumerators of linear codes and weight enumerators of linear codes. These codes have at most three weight linear codes. As application, we show that these codes can be used in secret sharing schemes and authentication codes.

• 한국통계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국통계학회 2000년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.5-12
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• 2000

Meta-analysis refers to quantitative methods for combining results from independent studies in order to draw overall conclusions. We consider hierarchical models including selection models under a skewed heavy tailed error distribution and it is shown to be useful in such Bayesian meta-analysis. A general class of skewed elliptical distribution is reviewed and developed. These rich class of models combine the information of independent studies, allowing investigation of variability both between and within studies, and weight function. Here we investigate sensitivity of results to unobserved studies by considering a hierarchical selection model and use Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to develop inference for the parameters of interest.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.425-448
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• 2003

Meta-analysis refers to quantitative methods for combining results from independent studies in order to draw overall conclusions. We consider hierarchical models including selection models under a skewed heavy tailed error distribution proposed originally by Chen et al. (1999) and Branco and Dey (2001). These rich classes of models combine the information of independent studies, allowing investigation of variability both between and within studies, and incorporate weight function. Here, the testing for the skewness parameter is discussed. The score test statistic for such a test can be shown to be expressed as the posterior expectations. Also, we consider the detail computational scheme under skewed normal and skewed Student-t distribution using MCMC method. Finally, we introduce one example from Johnson (1993)'s real data and apply our proposed methodology. We investigate sensitivity of our results under different skewed errors and under different prior distributions.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1001-1006
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• 2004

In order to examine the anti-arthritic properties of ShinEumHur(SEH)-herbal acupuncture, an adjuvant-induced arthritic rat was generated by the intra-articular injection of dried cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis emulsified in squalene into the right knee joint. Fifty microliter of SEH extract was injected into Zusanli(ST36) acupoint on the ipsilateral hind paw every other day for 2 weeks. The body weight, knee circumference, squeak threshold, and weight distribution ratio were analyzed as the assessment methods addressing arthritic symptoms such as arthritic pain, edema, and tenderness. The weight distribution ratio was measured by a digital-type analgesia instrument using the dual channel scale that separately measures the weight the arthritic rat distributes to each hind paw, and thus quantifies both of swelling and pain severities at once. The therapeutic effects of SEH-herbal acupuncture, assessed by squeaking threshold and weight distribution ratio, were observed on 8th day after the arthritis induction as compared to saline group and control group. On 10th day, SEH-herbal acupuncture therapy significantly started to alleviate the growing pattern of knee circumference of an arthritic rat in the range of 0.2㎝. However, the loss of body weight was not significantly recovered. Taken together, the SEH-herbal acupuncture exhibited the significant therapeutic efficiency to treat adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in rat.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on the activity of the upper trapezius and erector spinae according to the length difference of the backpack using electromyogram (EMG). We also conducted a study comparing the center of pressure (COP) and weight distribution before and after using Wii® balance board. Thirty individuals were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=14) wearing a backpack with a short right strap length and a control group (n=16) wearing a backpack with the same strap length. Data were collected by dividing into groups, carring a 15% weight backpack and walking for 20 minutes on a treadmill. As a result of analyzing the EMG data, there was no significant change in the upper extremity muscle activity of the control group, but it was significantly decreased in the right upper trapezius activity of the experimental group (p<0.05). In addition, there was a significant change of COP in the experimental group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference of the weight distribution in both groups. Recognizing mechanical changes in the body that may occur due to the asymmetry of the strap length is thought to be helpful for systematic ergonomic intervention according to changes in the external environment in the future.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 1998

Studies on the distribution and growth of the mud mussel, Musculista senhousia, were carried out in the mud-tidal flat near Mokpo from August 1996 to July 1997. The patch distribution of the mussel was observed in the middle part of the tidalflat during the study period. Annual mean density was 8,215${\pm}$1,394 ind./m2 and annual mean biomass was 1,966.43${\pm}$668.49 g TWwt/m2 in total wet weight, 760.04${\pm}$279.13 gMWwt/m2 in meat wet weight, 209.93 ${\pm}$ 49.41 gMDwt/m2 in meat dry weight, and 109.66${\pm}$58.78 gAFDW/m2 in ash-free dry weight. The monthly mean size of shell length varied from 11.00 mm to 16.97 mm. Relationship between shell length (SL) and shell height (SH) showed a positively significant regression (SH=0.482SL+0.791, R2=0.940, P<0.001). Regressions of total wet weight (TWwt) (TWwt=7.601${\times}$10-5SL3.052, R2=0.905, P<0.001), and meat wet weight (MWwt) (MWwt=1.127${\times}$10-5${\times}$SL3.404, R2=0.784, P<0.001) on shell length were positively allometric, with highly significant correlation coefficient. The relationships between SL and meat dry weight (MDwt), and AFDW were MDwt=9.813${\times}$10-6${\times}$SL2.928 (R2=0.421), and AFDW=1.015${\times}$10-5${\times}$SL2.922(R2=0.810), respectively. The condition factor of the mussel has been increased from March and formed a peak in July and August. It was sharply dropped in September. These results suggest that the gonadal development of the species commenced to be occurred in spring and that main spawning occurred between August and September.