• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 2017

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng) is an important medicinal tree found in northeast Asia. In this study, we analyzed the genome-wide distribution of microsatellites in E. senticosus. By sequencing 711 clones from an SSR-enriched genomic DNA library, we obtained 12 polymorphic SSR markers, which also revealed successful amplicons in E. senticosus accessions. Using the developed SSR markers, we estimated genetic diversity and population structure among 131 E. senticosus accessions in Korea and China. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 11, with an average of 7.4 alleles. The mean values of observed heterozygosity ($H_O$) and expected heterozygosity ($H_E$) were 0.59 and 0.56, respectively. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.51 in all 131 E. senticosus accessions. E. senticosus accessions in Korea and China showed a close genetic similarity. Significantly low pairwise genetic divergence was observed between the two regions, suggesting a relatively narrow level of genetic basis among E. senticosus accessions. Our results not only provide molecular tools for genetic studies in E. senticosus but are also helpful for conservation and E. senticosus breeding programs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.35D no.12
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• pp.59-67
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• 1998

In this paper, a rigorous three-dimensional Monte Carlo approach to simulate the sputter yield as a function of the incident ion energy and the incident angle as well as the atomic ejection distribution of the target is presented. The sputter yield of the target atom (Cu, Al) has been calculated for the different species of the incident atoms with the incident energy range of 10 eV ~ 100 KeV, which coincides with the previously reported experimental results. According to the simulation results, the calculated sputter yield tends to increase with the amount of the energy of the incident atoms. Our simulation revealed that the maximum sputter yield can be obtained for the incident atom with 10 KeV for the heavy ion, while the maximum sputter yield for the light ion is for the incident atoms with an energy less than 1 KeV. The sputter yield increases with angle of incidence and seems to have the maximum value at 68$^{\circ}$. For angular distributions of the sputtered particle, the atoms in the direction normal to the surface increase with angle of incidence. Furthermore, we has conducted the parallel computation on CRAY T3E supercomputer and built a GUI(Graphic User Interface) system running the sputter simulator.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2003

A micro sensor array with 4 discrete sensors integrated on a microhotplate was developed for identifying the kinds and quantities of explosive gases. The sensor array consisited of four tin oxide-based thin films with the high and broad sensitivity to the tested explosive gases and uniform thermal distribution on the plate. The microhotplate, using silicon substrate with N/O/N membrane, dangling in air by Al bonding wires, and controlling the thickness by chemical mechanical process (CMP), has been designed and fabricated. By employing the sensitivity signal of the sensor array at 40$0^{\circ}C$, we could reliably classily the kinds and quantities of the explosive gases like butan, propane, LPG, and carbon monoxide within the range of threshold limit values (TLVs), employing principal component analysis (PCA).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2020

Online e-commerce management systems are gradually increasing, and transactions are made in various items. However, the reliability between sellers and buyers is very important in high-priced transactions such as automobiles when used transactions online. Nevertheless, in the existing used trading system, a device that prevents fraud or trusts the seller is insufficient. This paper developed a blockchain-based used transaction management system to improve the reliability that occurs during used transactions. We have improved the safety trading system by developing a trading management system for used cars with the highest amount of used cars in various fields. This system uses Ethereum-based smart contract to guarantee reliability without third party intervention. By designing the contracts required for used car trading by utilizing smart contracts, it was possible to reduce the effort and time of trading participants in the existing used car transactions, while enabling safe transactions. In addition, this system mitigated information asymmetry between buyers and sellers, and reduced and prevented brokerage fees in the distribution process without third parties.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.83-90
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• 2019

In addition to the proliferation of intelligent information technology, the field of disaster management is being approached from a multifaceted perspective. In particular, as the interest in establishing a disaster safety management system using data increases, there is an increasing need for a large amount of big data distribution generated in real time and a systematic management. Furthermore, efforts are being made to improve the quality of data in order to increase the prevention effect of disasters through data analysis and to make a system that can respond effectively and to predict the overall situation caused by the disasters. Disaster management should seek both precautionary measures and quick responses in the event of a disaster as well as a technical approach to establishing governance and safety. This study explores the policy implications of the significance and structure of disaster safety management governance using data.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

The 3-step cell search has been considered for fast acquisition of the scrambling code unique to a cell in the W -CDMA system. In this paper, the performance of the cell search scheme is analyzed in Rayleigh fading channels. And the system parameters for cell search scheme and the design parameters for the receivers are examined. The probabilities of detection, miss and false alarm for each step are derived in closed forms based on the statistics of CDMA noncoherent demodulator output. Through the analysis, the effect of threshold setting and post detection integration for each step is investigated, and the optimal values of the power allocation for the synchronization channels are also considered. The number of post-detection integrations for each step is a design parameter for the receiver, and the optimum values may depend on not only the power allocation for each channel related to the cell search, but the false alarm penalty time. It is shown that optimal values could be determined through the analysis. Also, the cumulative probability distribution of the average cell search time is obtained.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2014

In this paper, $Al_2O_3$ film deposited by thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) with diluted $NH_4OH$ instead of $H_2O$ was suggested for passivation layer and anti-reflection (AR) coating of the p-type crystalline Si (c-Si) solar cell application. It was confirmed that the deposition rate and refractive index of $Al_2O_3$ film was proportional to the $NH_4OH$ concentration. $Al_2O_3$ film deposited with 5 % $NH_4OH$ has the greatest negative fixed oxide charge density ($Q_f$), which can be explained by aluminum vacancies ($V_{Al}$) or oxygen interstitials ($O_i$) under O-rich condition. $Al_2O_3$ film deposited with $NH_4OH$ 5 % condition also shows lower interface trap density ($D_{it}$) distribution than those of other conditions. At $NH_4OH$ 5 % condition, moreover, $Al_2O_3$ film shows the highest excess carrier lifetime (${\tau}_{PCD}$) and the lowest surface recombination velocity ($S_{eff}$), which are linked with its passivation properties. The proposed $Al_2O_3$ film deposited with diluted $NH_4OH$ is very promising for passivation layer and AR coating of the p-type c-Si solar cell.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.79-84
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• 2007

This paper presents an improved field uniformity in a reverberation chamber, that can be alternatively used for the analysis and the measurement of electromagnetic interference and immunity, with a designed CRD(Cubical Residue Diffuser) that have various dimensions. The Schroeder type CRD is designed for $1\sim3$ GHz band and the FDTD(Finite Difference Time Domain) method is used to analyze the field characteristics. At 2 GHz, the standard deviation of test volume in the reverberation chamber is the smallest and has a good field distribution with a CRD of $40\sim80%$ dimension of one side of the reverberation chamber. The Electric field uniformity gets worse when the dimension of a CRD is either below 40 % or above 80 % of the side wall. The result shows that the standard deviation of the test volume in the reverberation chamber with a CRD of 44 % dimension is improved by 1 dB compared with that of the reverberation chamber with a CRD of 100 % dimension.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.173-179
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• 2008

This paper proposes an efficient 1:N matching scheme for fingerprint identification. Usually, in the minutiae-based matching scheme, fingerprint matching score could be calculated by analyzing geometrical similarity between minutiae from two fingerprints. To calculate the geometrical similarity between them, it is necessary to fingerprint align a fingerprint data with the other one. The final matching score is obtained by bidirectional matching in the common fingerprint matching scheme, because the similarity between two fingerprints varies with the result of alignments. The reliability of matching score by the bidirectional matching is better than by the unidirectional matching, but it takes two times comparing with unidirectional matching. To solve the problem, this paper proposes an efficient 1:N fingerprint matching scheme based on the distribution of bidirectional matching scores for the large fingerprints database. The experimental result shows the usefulness of the proposed scheme.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.8-12
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• 2008

In this paper, we proposes a D-STTD(Double-Space Time Transmit Diversity) communication system with AMC scheme and analyzes its performance using simulation experiments. The AMC scheme selects an optimal channel coding rate and modulation scheme based on the channel response data for signal transmission, creating a balance between error rate and throughput to improve the overall system throughput and transmission quality. The D-STTD scheme complements the conventional STTD(Space Time Transmit Diversity) scheme, yielding about twice the throughput. The simulation results show that the probability of selecting a high MCS(Modulation and Coding Scheme) level increased as the SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio) improved. Furthermore, the D-STTD communication system with AMC scheme provided a more uniform throughput distribution throughout the entire SNR range compared to its counterpart which did not apply AMC scheme. Also, the maximum throughput of the D-STTD communication system with AMC scheme was twice that of a conventional AMC communication system or a STTD communication system with AMC scheme.