• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1268-1275
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• 2010

Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) and oedema disease (ED) caused by E. coli F18 always result in economic losses to pig producers, and no effective methods of controlling PWD and ED are presently available. FUT1 has been identified as a candidate gene controlling the expression of E. coli F18 receptor. This study examined the correlation between F18ab and F18ac adhesion phenotypes and the polymorphism at position M307 of the FUT1 gene in three pig breeds (231 Large White, 107 Landrace and 109 Songliao Black). The results showed: i) Both the susceptible genotypes (GG and GA) and the adhesion phenotypes (adhesive or weekly adhesive) were dominant in all three breeds with frequencies over 95%. ii) Three adhesion patterns of the two F18 variants F18ab and F18ac, i.e., ($ab^+$, $ac^+$), ($ab^+$, $ac^-$) and ($ab^-$, $ac^-$), were found in all three breeds, and there was no significant difference in the distribution of adhesion phenotypes of the two variants (separately or jointly) among the three breeds (p>0.05). iii) The FUT1 M307 genotypes were completely associated with the F18ab adhesion phenotypes and very strongly associated with the F18ac adhesion phenotypes. All individuals of genotype AA were non-adhesive to both F18ab and F18ac. All individuals of genotype GG or GA were adhesive to F18ab, whereas 11% of them were non-adhesive to F18ac. These results suggest that the polymorphism at FUT1 M307 can be used for marker-assisted selection of PWD and ED resistant pigs.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.133-142
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• 2010

Preconditions for the separation of prescribing and dispensing medicinal herbs in Traditional Korean Medicine are classification of medicinal herbs for general public and special medical uses, establishment of national medicinal herb distribution company of governmental base, restriction in purchase of medicinal herbs for special medical use, partnership between doctors and pharmacists of Traditional Korean Medicine, and coverage of herbal medicine-based medication in national health insurance, etc. The number of Traditional Korean Medicine Pharmacists which was born during 'the herbal medicine conflict' initiated in 1993, goes over 1,000 and will increase by 120 annually. The number of Traditional Korean Medical Doctors is over 17,000 and increases by 850 annually. So in order to engage partnership between two groups, the government have to arrange the number of outputs of each group. Standardization and classification of diagnosis and diseases in Traditional Korean Medicine is a matter of course in the separation of prescribing and dispensing medicinal herbs. Related societies and academies need to do researches with governmental fund first. After these works, we can launch a task force team for implementation of process for the separation of prescribing and dispensing medicinal herbs in Traditional Korean Medicine properly. Entering the national health insurance system for full coverage of Korean Medicine care service will be essential for the patients. Implementation the separation of prescribing and dispensing medicinal herbs in Traditional Korean Medicine would be the core of health insurance coverage for medication.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.784-793
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• 2020

Objective : We attempted to compare the incidence of pyogenic spondylitis (PS) and tuberculous spondylitis (TS) between 2007 and 2016. Furthermore, we investigated the patients who underwent surgery in 2016 compared to that in 2007. Methods : We used a nationwide database managed by the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) in 2007 and 2016. Total 9655 patients with a newly diagnosis of PS or TS were enrolled in PS or TS group. Among them, 1721 patients underwent either fusion or decompression surgery. We analyzed demographic distribution of patients according to gender and age and year of diagnosis. Results : Comparing between 2007 and 2016, the incidence of PS has increased in 2016 than in 2007 (4874 vs. 2431, p<0.0001). Conversely, declination of incidence of TS was discovered in 2016 compared to 2007 (594 vs. 1756, p<0.0001). Females showed predominance over males regarding both PS and TS (5228 vs. 4427, p<0.0001). Among them, the number of PS patients who underwent surgery increased significantly in 2016 relative to that in 2007 (979 vs. 592, p<0.0001). Conclusion : This nationwide study suggests that PS may increase and TS may decrease in Korea. In addition, demand for surgery regarding PS may increase.

• Water for future
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-70
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• 1977

The analysis performed here is aimed to increase the familiarity of hydrologic process especially for the small basins which are densely gaged. Kyung An and Mu Shim river basins are selected as a representative basin according to the criteria which UNESCO has established back in 1964 and being operated under the auspice of Ministry of Construction. The data exerted from these basins is utilized for the determination of characteristics of procipitation and runoff phenomena for the small basin, which is considered as a typical Korean samall watershed. The study found that the areal distribution of preciptation did not show any significant deviation from the point rainfall. Since the area studied is less than 20 km#, the pointrainfall may be safely utilized as a representative value for the area. Also the effect of elevation on the precipitation has a minor significance in the small area where the elevation difference is less than 200m. The methodology developed by Soil Conservation Service for determination of runoff value from precipitation is applied to find the suitability of the method to Korean river basin. The soil cover complex number or runoff curve number was determined by comsidering the type of soil, soil cover, land use and other factors such as antecedent moisture content. The average values of CN for Kyung An and Mushim river basins were found to be 63.9 and 63.1 respectively under AMC II, however, values obtained from soil cover complex were less than those from total precipitation and effective precipitation about 10-30%. It may be worth to note that an attention has to be paid in application of SCS method to Korean river basin by adjusting 10-30% increase to the value obtained from soil cover complex. Finally, the design flood hydrograph was consturcted by employing unit hydrograph technique to the dimensionless mass curve. Also a stepwise multiple regression was performed to find the relationship between runoff and API, evapotranspiration rate, 5 days antecedentprecipitation and daily temperature.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.525-532
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• 2013

Recently. smartphones have been popularized rapidly and now located deep in our daily life, providing a variety of services from banking, SNS (Social Network Service), and entertainment to smart-work mobile office through apps. Such smartphone apps can be easily downloaded from what is known as app store which, however, bears many security issues as software developers can just as easily upload to it. Military apps will be exposed to a myriad of security threats if distributed through internet-basis commercial app store. In order to mitigate such security concerns, this paper suggests a security guidelines for establishing a military-excusive app store and security verification system which prevent the security hazards that can occur during the process of development and distribution of military-use mobile apps.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.109-124
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• 2020

Facing the 4^th Industrial Revolution era, researches on artificial intelligence have become active and attempts have been made to apply machine learning in various fields. In the field of finance, Robo Advisor service, which analyze the market, make investment decisions and allocate assets instead of people, are rapidly expanding. The stock price prediction using the machine learning that has been carried out to date is mainly based on the prediction of the market index such as KOSPI, and utilizes technical data that is fundamental index or price derivative index using financial statement. However, most researches have proceeded without any explicit verification of the prediction rate of the learning data. In this study, we conducted an experiment to determine the degree of market prediction ability of basic indicators, technical indicators, and system risk indicators (AR) used in stock price prediction. First, we set the core parameters for each financial indicator and define the objective function reflecting the return and volatility. Then, an experiment was performed to extract the sample from the distribution of each parameter by the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method and to find the optimum value to maximize the objective function. Since Robo Advisor is a commodity that trades financial instruments such as stocks and funds, it can not be utilized only by forecasting the market index. The sample for this experiment is data of 17 years of 1,500 stocks that have been listed in Korea for more than 5 years after listing. As a result of the experiment, it was possible to establish a meaningful trading strategy that exceeds the market return. This study can be utilized as a basis for the development of Robo Advisor products in that it includes a large proportion of listed stocks in Korea, rather than an experiment on a single index, and verifies market predictability of various financial indicators.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.637-644
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• 2004

This paper proposes an expert system with the knowledge learning capability which can enhance the safety and effectiveness of substation operation in the automated substation as well as existing substation by inferring multiple events such as main transformer fault, busbar fault and main transformer work schedule under multiple inference mode and multiple objective mode and by considering totally the switch status and the main transformer operating constraints. Especially inference mode includes the local minimum tree search method and pattern recognition method to enhance the performance of real-time bus reconfiguration strategy. The inference engine of the expert system consists of intuitive inferencing part and logical inferencing part. The intuitive inferencing part offers the control strategy corresponding to the event which is most similar to the real event by searching based on a minimum distance classification method of pattern recognition methods. On the other hand, logical inferencing part makes real-time control strategy using real-time mode(best-first search method) when the intuitive inferencing is failed. Also, it builds up a knowledge base or appends a new knowledge to the knowledge base using pattern learning function. The expert system has main transformer fault, main transformer maintenance work and bus fault processing function. It is implemented as computer language, Visual C++ which has a dynamic programming function for implementing of inference engine and a MFC function for implementing of MMI. Finally, it's accuracy and effectiveness is proved by several event simulation works for a typical substation.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.134-146
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• 2005

Research about QoS in the ad-hoc networks for stable service of various applications has been needed as the expectation about the realization of the ad-hoc networks grows bigger. Existing researches about QoS in the ad-hoc network had the problems which can not guarantee the quantitative services or create the overhead. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm of QFAN(QoS Framework for Ad-hoc Networks) the framework to resolve such problems and considered application of the proposed algorithm into the ad-hoc networks. Our model can guarantee the minimum bandwidth of the real-time traffic as minimized the overhead. And, disproportionate distribution of bandwidth problem can resolve by the proposed algorithm through the fair share between real-time traffic and best-effort traffic about available bandwidth. We design both the TiRe(Tiny Reservation) and the ADR(Adaptive Drop Rate) control algorithm to apply the proposed QFAN. Using simulation, we confirm fair share of available bandwidth between real-time traffic and best-effort traffic as guarantee minimum required bandwidth of real-time traffic.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2005

The popularity of Web service is ever increasing. As the number of services and clients continue to increase, the problem of providing a system that scales with this increase is becoming more difficult. A costly and ineffective method is to buy a new system that is more powerful every time the load becomes unbearable. h more cost effective solution is to expand the system as the need arises. This is the approach taken in Web cluster systems. However, providing effective scalability in a Web cluster system is stil1 an open issue. In this study, we implement a Web cluster system based on Layer 7 switching technique on Linux. The implementation is based on a design proposed and implemented by Aron et al., but on the FreeBSD. Though the design li the same, due to the vast difference between the FreeBSD and Linux, the implementation presented in this paper is totally new. We also propose the Dual Scheduling (DS) load distribution algorithm that distributes the requests to the system resources by observing the variations in the request rate. We show through measurement on our implementation that the DS alorithm performs considerably bettor than previous algorithms.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.600-607
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine if Likert scales had been properly utilized in community nutrition research. A total of 527 research articles published in the 32 issues of Korean Journal of Community Nutrition from the volume 5, issue 1 in 2000 to the volume 10, issue 2 in 2005 were screened and 55 articles were found to have utilized one or more Likert scales for the studies. Therefore, 109 Likert scales used in the 55 studies were reviewed regarding the name, statement and response items, reliability and validity check, and analysis method. The scales were mostly referred as Likert scales (60%) or Likert-type scales (27%). Some scales were found to be referred as Likert scales although they were Likert-type scales when judged based on the information given in the respective articles. However some scales couldn't be judged for the rightness of the names because the information given for the scales in the articles was not enough. About 23% of the scales consisted of items less than 6 or more than 30, and therefore found to be inappropriate. The percentage of the scales listing all the statement items in the articles was only 25%. Most of the scales (85%) included 5 response items, and the rest included 4 (7%), 7 (6%), or 3 (2%). The percentages of the scales including appropriate center and end items were only 2% and 22%, respectively. Less than half of the scales (41%) were found to have been checked for reliability and only one scale was reported to have been checked for validity. In some scales (6%), the responses were scored improperly for analysis. The responses to the scales were frequently found to have been analyzed by parametric statistics such as mean, ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson's correlation, which might be a problem depending on the size and distribution of study samples. In conclusion, there is much room for improvement in the use of Likert scales in community nutrition research.