• 제목/요약/키워드: Distance-bearing

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A Study on the Behavior of stress path subject to the gap size of metal touch connection (메탈터치 이음부의 틈의 크기에 따른 응력전달 거동에 대한 연구)

  • Hong, Kappyo;Kim, Seok Koo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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    • v.16 no.5 s.72
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    • pp.599-607
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    • 2004
  • As buildings become more high-rise and lightweight in recent years, steel has been utilized more frequently. Based on the American AISC standard, all axial loads could be carried through a bearing load in a column splice, but according to Korean codes, the bearing load has constrained the stress that could be carried by only 25% of all axial loads. Thus, new column splice methods that use metal touch have been examined. In this study, the stress path mechanism, as an intermediation parameter in the gap's magnitude, must be determined. Similarly, the behavioral aspect of the metal touch connection must be sought after comparing and analyzing the results of the test.

Implementation of AUSV System for Sonar Image Acquisition (소나 영상 획득을 위한 무인자율항법 시스템 구현)

  • Ryu, Jae Hoon;Ryu, Kwang Ryol
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.20 no.11
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    • pp.2162-2166
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    • 2016
  • This paper describes the implementation of AUSV system for sonar image acquisition to survey the seabed. The system is controlled by Feed Forward PID algorithm on the vessel for bearing of the thrusters composed of motion sensor and DGPS which calculates the differences between the current location and the destination location for longitude and latitude based on GPS coordinates. As experimental results, the bearing control performance is good that the error distance from the destination positions are under 6m in total survey track of 1km. And the sonar image deviation of a object is under 12 pixels from the manned survey method, which the comparison with the total image quality is almost the same as the manned survey one. Thus the proposed AUSV system is a new method of system can be utilized at the limited survey areas as the surveyor should not be able to approach on sea surface by onboard vessel.

Shallow ground treatment by a combined air booster and straight-line vacuum preloading method: A case study

  • Feng, Shuangxi;Lei, Huayang;Ding, Xiaodong;Zheng, Gang;Jin, Yawei
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.129-141
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    • 2021
  • The vacuum preloading method has been used in many countries for soil improvement and land reclamation. However, the treatment time is long and the improvement effect is poor for the straight-line vacuum preloading method. To alleviate such problems, a novel combined air booster and straight-line vacuum preloading method for shallow ground treatment is proposed in this study. Two types of traditional vacuum preloading and combined air booster and straight-line vacuum preloading tests were conducted and monitored in the field. In both tests, the depth of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) is 4.5m, the distance between PVDs is 0.8m, and the vacuum preloading time is 60 days. The prominent difference between the two methods is when the preloading time is 45 days, the injection pressure of 250 kPa is adopted for combined air booster and straight-line vacuum preloading test to inject air into the ground. Based on the monitoring data, this paper systematically studied the mechanical parameters, hydraulic conductivity, pore water pressure, settlement and subsoil bearing capacity, as determined by the vane shear strength, to demonstrate that the air-pressurizing system can improve the consolidation. The consolidation time decreased by 15 days, the pore water pressure decreased to 60.49%, and the settlement and vane shear strengths increased by 45.31% and 6.29%, respectively, at the surface. These results demonstrate the validity of the combined air booster and straight-line vacuum preloading method. Compared with the traditional vacuum preloading, the combined air booster and straight-line vacuum preloading method has better reinforcement effect. In addition, an estimation method for evaluating the average degree of consolidation and an empirical formula for evaluating the subsoil bearing capacity are proposed to assist in engineering decision making.

Ground Test of Docking Phase for Nanosatellite (초소형위성 지상 환경 도킹 시험)

  • Kim, Hae-Dong;Choi, Won-Sub;Kim, Min-Ki;Kim, Jin-Hyung;Kim, KiDuck;Kim, Ji-Seok;Cho, Dong-Hyun
    • Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.7-22
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    • 2021
  • In this paper, we describe the results of the docking phase test in the ground environment of the rendezvous/docking technology verification satellite under development for the first time in Korea. rendezvous/docking technology is a high-level technology in space technology, which is also very important for accessing and performing tasks on relative objects in space orbit. In this paper, we describe the ground test results that the chaser finally docks the fixed target using an air bearing device. Based on the thrust control algorithm in the docking phase and the relative object recognition and relative distance estimation algorithm using visual-based sensors validated in this paper, we intend to use them for later expansion to rendezvous/docking algorithms in three-dimensional space for testing in space.

Analysis of stability control and the adapted ways for building tunnel anchors and a down-passing tunnel

  • Xiaohan Zhou;Xinrong Liu;Yu Xiao;Ninghui Liang;Yangyang Yang;Yafeng Han;Zhongping Yang
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.395-409
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    • 2023
  • Long-span suspension bridges have tunnel anchor systems to maintain stable cables. More investigations are required to determine how closely tunnel excavation beneath the tunnel anchor impacts the stability of the tunnel anchor. In order to investigate the impact of the adjacent tunnel's excavation on the stability of the tunnel anchor, a large-span suspension bridge tunnel anchor is utilised as an example in a three-dimensional numerical simulation approach. In order to explore the deformation control mechanism, orthogonal tests are employed to pinpoint the major impacting elements. The construction of an advanced pipe shed, strengthening the primary support. Moreover, according to the findings the grouting reinforcement of the surrounding rock, have a significant control effect on the settlement of the tunnel vault and plug body. However, reducing the lag distance of the secondary lining does not have such big influence. The greatest way to control tunnel vault settling is to use the grout reinforcement, which increases the bearing capacity and strength of the surrounding rock. This greatly minimizes the size of the tunnel excavation disturbance area. Advanced pipe shed can not only increase the surrounding rock's bearing capacity at the pipe shed, but can also prevent the tunnel vault from connecting with the disturbance area at the bottom of the anchorage tunnel, reduce the range of shear failure area outside the anchorage tunnel, and have the best impact on the plug body's settlement control.

Lithologic and Structural Controls and Geochemistry of Uranium Deposition in the Ogcheon Black-Slate Formation (옥천대(沃川帶) 우라늄광층(鑛層)의 구조규제(構造規制) 및 지구화학적(地球化學的) 특성연구(特性硏究))

  • Lee, Dai Sung;Yun, Suckew;Lee, Jong Hyeog;Kim, Jeong Taeg
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.19 no.spc
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    • pp.19-41
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    • 1986
  • Structural, radioactive, petrological, petrochemical, mineralogical and stable isotopic study as well as the review of previous studies of the uranium-bearing slates in the Ogcheon sequence were carried out to examine the lithological and structural controls, and geochemical environment in the uranium deposition in the sequence. And the study was extended to the coal-bearing formation (Jangseong Series-Permian) to compare the geochemical and sedimentologic aspects of uranium chemistry between Ogcheon and Hambaegsan areas. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The uranium mineralization occurs in the carbonaceous black slates of the middle to lower Guryongsan formation and its equivalents in the Ogcheon sequence. In general, two or three uranium-bearing carbonaceous beds are found with about 1 to 1.5km stratigraphic interval and they extend from Chungju to Jinsan for 90km in distance, with intermittent igneous intrusions and structural Jisturbances. Average thickness of the beds ranges from 20 to 1,500m. 2. These carbonaceous slate beds were folded by a strong $F_1$-fold and were refolded by subsequent $F_1$-fold, nearly co-axial with the $F_1$, resulting in a repeated occurrence of similar slate. The carbonaceous beds were swelled in hing zones and were shrinked or thined out in limb by the these foldings. Minor faulting and brecciation of the carbonaceous beds were followed causing metamorphism of these beds and secondary migration and alteration of uranium minerals and their close associations. 3. Uranium-rich zones with high radioactive anomalies are found in Chungju, Deogpyong-Yongyuri, MiwonBoun, Daejeon-Geumsan areas in the range of 500~3,700 cps (corresponds to 0.017~0.087%U). These zones continue along strike of the beds for several tens to a few hundred meters but also discontinue with swelling and pinches at places that should be analogously developed toward underground in their vertical extentions. The drilling surveyings in those area, more than 120 holes, indicate that the depth-frequency to uranium rich bed ranging 40~160 meter is greater. 4. The features that higher radioactive anomalies occur particularly from the carbonaceous beds among the argillaceous lithologic units, are well demonstrated on the cross sections of the lithology and radioactive values of the major uranium deposits in the Ogcheon zone. However, one anomalous radioactive zone is found in a l:ornfels bed in Samgoe, near Daejeon city. This is interpreted as a thermal metamorphic effect by which original uranium contents in the underlying black slate were migrated into the hornfels bed. 5. Principal minerals of the uranium-bearing black slates are quartz, sericite, biotite and chlorite, and as to chemical composition of the black slates, $Al_2O_3$ contents appear to be much lower than the average values by its clarke suggesting that the Changri basin has rather proximal to its source area. 6. The uranium-bearing carbonaceous beds contain minor amounts of phosphorite minerals, pyrite, pyrrhotite and other sulfides but not contain iron oxides. Vanadium. Molybdenum, Barium, Nickel, Zirconium, Lead, Cromium and fixed Carbon, and some other heavy metals appear to be positive by correlative with uranium in their concentrations, suggesting a possibility of their genetic relationships. The estimated pH and Eh of the slate suggests an euxenic marine to organic-rich saline water environment during uranium was deposited in the middle part of Ogcheon zone. 7. The Carboniferous shale of Jangseong Series(Sadong Series) of Permian in Hambaegsan area having low radioactivity and in fluvial to beach deposits is entirely different in geochemical property and depositional environment from the middle part of Ogcheon zone, so-called "Pibanryong-Type Ogcheon Zone". 8. Synthesizing various data obtained by several aspects of research on uranium mineralization in the studied sequence, it is concluded that the processes of uranium deposition were incorporated with rich organic precipitation by which soluble uranyl ions, $U{_2}^{+{+}}$ were organochemically complexed and carried down to the pre-Ogcheon sea bottoms formed in transitional environment, from Red Sea type basin to Black Sea type basin. Decomposition of the organic matter under reducing conditions to hydrogen sulfide, which reduced the $UO{_2}^{+2}$ ions to the insoluble uranium dioxide($UO_2$), on the other side the heavy metals are precipitated as sulfides. 9. The EPMA study on the identification of uraninite and others and the genetic interpretation of uranium bearing slates by isotopic values of this work are given separately by Yun, S. in 1984.

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A Study on Transportation Characteristics of Debris dependent on Geologic Conditions (지질조건에 따른 사태물질 이동특성 고찰)

  • Chae Byung-Gon;Kim Won-Young;Lee Choon-Oh;Kim Kyeong-Su;Cho Yong-Chan;Song Young-Suk
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.15 no.2 s.42
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    • pp.185-199
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    • 2005
  • Properties of sliding materials are dependent on the lithology because debris is the product of rock weathering processes. In order to characterize transportation behavior of debris dependent of debris types, this study selected 26 debris flows over three areas composed with different rock weathering types and topographic conditions. Analyses of lithology, weathering, and topographic characteristics were performed by detailed field survey. Based on the field survey data, transportation behavior of debris was studied at the aspect of the relationship of grain size and volume of debris as well as topographic conditions. According to the study results, change of slope angle is very influential factor on runout distance of debris among the topographic factors. Because the sliding velocity and the energy of debris are frequently changed and more irregular on an undulating slope, the unout distance of debris is larger than that of an uniformly dipping slope. Runout distance of debris is also influenced by volume and grain size of debris. Volume of debris in the gabbro is four or five times larger than that of the granite area because it is controlled by the lithology. Considered with grain size distribution, runout distance of debris is longer in the gabbro area which is composed with irregular grain size bearing large corestones than that in the medium grained granite area.

Distance Identification for Maximum Change in Ship Collision Risk through a Coast Guard Patrol Ship Experiment (해양경찰 함정 실험을 통한 선박충돌 위험도의 변화가 최대인 거리 식별에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Dae-Sik;Yim, Jung Bin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.447-454
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    • 2017
  • Using two large coast guard ships at sea, we created four encounter situations ($000^{\circ}$, $045^{\circ}$, $090^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$) with high possibility of collision, from 3 NM up to 0.25 NM. As relative distance was gradually decreased, the subjects were measured at 0.25 NM intervals and perceived ship collision risk (PSCR) was determined by looking at the opponent ship. Characteristics were statistically analyzed using the obtained data. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of collision risk values obtained from twelve intervals, from 3 NM to 0.25 NM relative to encounter situations by curve fitting with appropriate polynomials, to determine the distance from which the change in perceived collision risk is greatest. As a result, an optimal regression equation for each distance interval was derived from each analysis direction. The greatest variation in average collision risk value was over the range 1.25 ~ 1 NM, and the collision risk value was largest at 1 NM. The maximum change in perceived collision risk was at 1 NM. These results can contribute to preventive guidelines to minimize human error in close proximity situations with a high probability of ship collision.

Theoretical and experimental studies on influence of electrode variations in electrical resistivity survey for tunnel ahead prediction (터널 굴착면 전방조사를 위한 전기비저항 탐사에서 전극의 변화가 미치는 영향에 대한 이론 및 실험연구)

  • Hong, Chang-Ho;Chong, Song-Hun;Hong, Eun-Soo;Cho, Gye-Chun;Kwon, Tae-Hyuk
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.267-278
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    • 2019
  • Variety of tunnel ahead prediction methods have been performed for safe tunnel construction during tunnel excavation. Pole-pole array among the electrical resistivity survey, which is one of the tunnel ahead prediction method, has been utilized to predict water-bearing sediments or weak zone located within 5 times of tunnel diameter. One of the most important processes is the estimation of virgin ground resistivity and it can be obtained from the following process: 1) calculation of contact area between the electrodes and the medium, and 2) assumption of the electrodes as equivalent spherical electrodes which have a same surface area with the electrodes. This assumption is valid in a small contact area and sufficient distance between the electrodes. Since the measured resistance, in general, varies with the electrode size, shape, and distance between the electrodes, it is necessary to evaluate the influence of these factors. In this study, theoretical equations were derived and experimental tests were conducted considering the electrode size, shape, and distance of cylindrical electrodes which is the most commonly utilized electrode shape. Through this theoretical and experimental study, it is known that one should be careful to use the assumption of the equivalent half-spherical electrode with large ratio between the penetrated depth and radius of the cylindrical electrode, as the error may get larger.

Growth and Yield as Affected by Controlled Crowns of the New Ever-bearing Strawberry 'Goha' in Highlands (신품종 사계성 딸기 '고하'의 고랭지 여름재배 시 관부수와 화방제거에 따른 생육 및 수량)

  • Lee, Jong Nam;Kim, Hye Jin;Kim, Ki Deog;Yoo, Dong Lim;Im, Ju Sung;Yeoung, Young Rok
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.41-45
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    • 2014
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of crown numbers on growth and yield of ever-bearing strawberry (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa Duch.) 'Goha' cultivar. Strawberry seedlings were planted with $55{\times}30cm$ distance on April 29, and the randomized block experimental was designed by putting the crown numbers by 1, 3, 5 and crown-unremoved as the control. At the early growth stage, as the numbers of crown decreased, the size of leaf became larger and inflorescence diameter became thicker. Plant height became higher as the number of crown increased at the final harvesting time. Fresh weight of crown-unremoved plants was 118 g, showing 77.2 g higher than that of plants with one crown. Numbers of the developed inflorescence of plants with five crowns and crown-unremoved was 20.1, whereas 6.8 of plants with one crown, resulted in 13.3 more crowns. However, crown number did not significantly affect the fruit quality. As the crown number increased, the average fruit weight was lighter and the marketable fruit rate was shown to decrease significantly. The marketable yield of crown-unremoved plants was $17,372kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$, showing 68% higher than plants with one crown. Therefore, crown management without thinning crowns was recommended and inflorescence thickness less than 3 mm should be removed for successful production of ever-bearing strawberry 'Goha' cultivar during summer season.