• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.521-524
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The history of biometry dates back to ancient Greek. The ideal body ratio from biometry is used as a guideline in many works of art. Biometry is also used as a medical standard to determine normal or abnormal. Since the biometry of face is so complicated, many surgeons tend to regard preoperative evaluation as a bother and substitute medical records with some photographs. We introduce a new method to measure $MRD_1$ and levator function using digital photographs, which becomes widely used lately. Methods: $MRD_1$ can be measured with the primary-gaze-view photo which is magnified by PhotoshopR 7.0.1. The distance from coneal reflex of ring flash to upper eyelid margin is converted to mm-unit using the piece of ruler attached on the patient's face. Levator function can be measured with up-gaze-view photo and down-gaze-view photo which are superimposed on another. The excursion distance of upper eyelid margin (a) and the excursion distance of eyebrow (b) are measured respectively. The levator function can be assessed through subtraction of two values (a-b). This method is simple and precise and can be applied directly to patient without photos. Results: Using magnified digital photos and computer, this method can reduce personal error and instrumental error. Taking some digital photos doesn't take long time, so it can reduce the effort of preoperative evaluation and discomfort of patients. Conclusion: Digital photo-biometry is useful for retrospective study. Especially reducing personal error, it is useful when the number of specimens is huge. New levator function test is much more useful for Asian-specific eyes than Berke's method allowing frontalis muscle compensation.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
• /
• 제62권4호
• /
• pp.473-490
• /
• 2023

국내외 선행연구들에서는 교수실험을 통하여 학생들의 연속적인 변화에 대한 추론 방식에 대한 정보를 축적해가고 있다. 이들 연구에서는 연속적인 변화를 매끄러운 추론과 덩어리 추론을 하는 학생들이 교수실험에서 함께 수학적 결과물을 구성해가는 장면들을 다루고 있는데, 이들의 결과를 보다 세밀하게 분석하기 위해서는 특정 방식으로 연속적인 변화를 추론하는 학생이 이전 선행 연구들에서의 과제들에 대하여 어떠한 결과물을 구성해가는지 확인할 필요가 있다. 이러한 연구의 필요에 따라, 연구자는 덩어리 추론을 하는 것으로 확인된 고등학교 1학년 학생 한 명을 대상으로 총 14차시의 교수실험을 진행하였다. 본 연구에서는 덩어리 추론을 하는 학생이 '이전 선행연구에서 연속적인 변화에 대한 추론 방식이 다양한 학생들이 구성하였던 수학적 결과물'과 유사한 산출물을 구성해가는 장면을 관찰할 수 있었다. 특히 본 연구에 참여한 학생에게서 '시간-거리함수에서 시간-속력함수를 구성하는 일관된 구성 방식'이 관찰되었으며, 이러한 학생의 독특한 구성 방식에 대한 정보가 후속 연구에 도움이 될 것이라 기대하였다.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.17-32
• /
• 2002

Even though the distance education via web has a great advantage to overcome time and space, its problem is that the management of trainees is not efficient compared with classroom and group education. This problem is a great obstacle to the objects and achievement standards of distance education, giving controversial arguments to the advocators of distance education. Distance educators need to monitor the trainees'participation and responses continuously and offer appropriate feedback to the trainees. However, the existing distance education system only focuses on teaching and learning activities, and as a result, the efficient management function of distance education is not available. Accordingly, the study attempts to find out the appropriate managing elements of distance teacher training in order to effectively achieve the goals of teacher training and the efficient management of distance education. Also, it proposes distance teacher training management system that offers appropriate feedback to trainees, applying the derived elements of distance teacher training to the training processes. To verify the efficiency of the system, hypotheses on related items of distance teacher education and learning types are suggested, and the achievement degree of learning and its relations are investigated through questionnaire of learning types. In addition, a system using UML which is the standard of object-oriented modeling language is devised, so. that mutual management, language independence and convenient development environment as well as reusability can be offered, and so the design standardization and efficient system realization could be achieved, while flexible change of system according to education process and computing environment is possible.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2020

We describe a efficient surface reconstruction method that reconstructs a 3D manifold polygonal mesh approximately passing through a set of 3D oriented points. Our algorithm includes 3D convex hull, octree data structure, signed distance function (SDF), and marching cubes. The 3D convex hull provides us with a fast computation of SDF, octree structure allows us to compute a minimal distance for SDF, and marching cubes lead to iso-surface generation with SDF. Our approach gives us flexibility in the choice of the resolution of the reconstructed surface, and it also enables to use on low-level PCs with minimal peak memory usage. Experimenting with publicly available scan data shows that we can reconstruct a polygonal mesh from point cloud of sizes varying from 10,000 ~ 1,000,000 in about 1~60 seconds.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.399-405
• /
• 2010

Blind equalization techniques have been used in broadcast and multipoint communications. In this paper, two criteria of minimizing Euclidian distance between two probability density functions (PDFs) for adaptive blind equalizers are presented. For PDF calculation, Parzen window estimator is used. One criterion is to use a set of randomly generated desired symbols at the receiver so that PDF of the generated symbols matches that of the transmitted symbols. The second method is to use a set of Dirac delta functions in place of the PDF of the transmitted symbols. From the simulation results, the proposed methods significantly outperform the constant modulus algorithm in multipath channel environments.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 1994

Two methods, the numerical method of CPQRA and the manual method of IAEA, were used to estimate the effect distance from release and dispersion of toxic materials. The Gaussian plume model which has a weather stability class D with wind velocity of 5m/s was applied to calculate dispersion of toxic materials. Also, probit function were employed to evaluate the human fatality as a result of exposure to toxic gases. Furthermore, concentration of toxic materials corresponding to LC$_{50}$ for 30 min could be determined by setting Pr as 5.0 and solving the probit function. Calculations were conducted by employing chlorine and ammonia as toxic materials because they are not only most commonly used In chemical plants but also very harmful to humans. Calculated results by employing toxic materials indicated that the effect distance from the CPQRA method was between the minimum and maximum distance from the method proposed by IAEA.A.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.177-187
• /
• 1989

연마된 단일 모드 광섬유를 이용하여 파장 분할 광결합기를 만들때 결합계수는 파장과 두 코아 사이의 거리에 따라서 다르다. 파장 분할은 중심 파장에 따른 결합 계수의 변화율의 함수이며 두개의 코아 사이의 거리에 따라서 변화율이 다르다. 본 논문은 두개의 파장을 분리할 때 최소의 파장 분할 구간을 얻을 수 있는 조건을 두개의 코아 사이의 거리의 함수로 제시하여 파장범위에 따르는 최적화가 다르다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제20권B호
• /
• pp.219-226
• /
• 2000

In this paper, we propose a new novel method for similarity search that supports time warping. Our primary goal is to innovate on search performance in large databases without false dismissal. To attain this goal, we devise a new distance function $D_{tw-lb}$ that consistently underestimates the time warping distance and also satisfies the triangular inequality. $D_{tw-lb}$ uses a 4-tuple feature vector extracted from each sequence and is invariant to time warping. For efficient processing, we employ a multidimensional index that uses the 4-tuple feature vector as indexing attributes and $D_{tw-lb}$ as a distance function. We prove that our method does not incur false dismissal. To verify the superiority of our method, we perform extensive experiments. The results reveal that our method achieves significant speedup up to 43 times with real-world S&P 500 stock data.

• 경영과정보연구
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.81-101
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 군 조직의 비공식적 멘토링 관계에 있는 조직구성원의 성격특성인 심리적 유사성과 내재적 통제위치, 가치관 성향인 개인주의와 권력거리가 멘토링 기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 육군 사단급의 초급간부 547명을 대상으로 실증분석을 실시하였다. 검증결과 첫째, 심리적 유사성과 내재적 통제위치는 멘토링 기능에 긍정적 영향을 주었다. 둘째, 권력거리 성향은 멘토링 기능에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면 개인주의 성향은 가설의 의도와는 다르게 멘토링 기능에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 군 조직의 비공식 멘토링 관계에서 멘티가 멘토와 심리적 유사성을 높게 지각하거나 내재론자 또는 개인주의 성향이 강한 멘티일수록 멘토링 기능을 많이 지원받는다고 지각하고 있었다. 반면에 권력거리를 높게 지각하는 멘티일수록 멘토링 기능을 상대적으로 적게 받는다고 인식하였다. 본 연구를 통해 군 조직의 멘토링 관계에서 멘토링 기능에 영향을 주는 변인들의 중요성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 본 분석결과가 공식적 비공식적 멘토시스템 운영 및 향후 멘토링 관계 연구에 일조할 수 있다는데서 의의를 찾을 수 있을 것이다.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2009

In this paper, statistical distribution functions are developed for distance determination of stellar groups. This method depends on the assumption that absolute magnitudes and apparent magnitudes follow a Gaussian distribution function. Due to the limits of the integrands of the frequency function of apparent and absolute magnitudes, we introduce Case A, B, and C Gaussian distributions. The developed approaches have been implemented to determine distances to some clusters and stellar associations. The comparison with the distances derived by different authors reveals good agreement.