• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.151-159
• /
• 2020

This study examined the environment and landscape aspects of rural villages, which are based on agriculture, to regenerate a disappearing rural village. The lifestyle and living conditions in this area were examined and the field survey of this area was carried out. The main negative factors at the rural landscape and living environment, such as rural households garbage, compost piles, and farming wastes, were found. An improvement plan of the landscape in this area was then determined. The disposal conditions according to the garbage types were analyzed through a survey with the residents directly. Through this survey, the current negative factors in landscape were checked and various improvement methods were assessed. Based on this, an institutional framework about landscape improvement of a village was developed, and a fundamental resource that can improve the environment of rural communities by this system is suggested.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.331-337
• /
• 2018

The decommissioning of nuclear power plants is generally executed in five steps, including preparation, decontamination, cutting/demolition, waste disposal and environmental restoration. So, for efficient decommissioning of nuclear power plants, worker safety, effects compared to cost, minimization of waste, possibility of reuse, etc., shall be considered. Worker safety and measurement technology shall be secured to exert optimal efficiency of nuclear power plant decommissioning work, for which accurate measurement technology for systems and devices is necessary. Typical In-Situ methods for decommissioning of nuclear plants are CZT, Gamma Camera and ISOCS. This study used ISOCS, which can be applied during the decommissioning of a nuclear power plant site without collecting representative samples, to take measurements of the S/G Water Chamber. To validate the measurement values, Microshield and the GEANT4 code was used as the actual method were used for modeling, respectively. The comparison showed a difference of $1.0{\times}10^1Bq$, which indicates that it will be possible to reduce errors due to the influence of radiation in the natural environment and the precision of modeling. Based on the research results of this paper, accuracy and reliability of measurement values will be analyzed and the applicability of the direct measurement method during the decommissioning of NPPs will be assessed.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.175-179
• /
• 1979

One of the major problems in tile activated sludge system has been difficulty in separating the microbial solids from the treated effluent and in returning them to the aeration tank. Another problem has been the digestion of the excess activated sludge. In constrast, it has not been difficult to separate the microbial solids from the treated effluent from the biological fixed-film systems(RBC process, Trickling Filter, FAST process). These systems have also featured less sludge production. Recently, it was proposed to experiment with the RESMAS process in order to eliminate the settling tank and sludge concentration facilities and to reduce the quantity of excess sludge for final disposal. The effluent quality could be predicted by .the concept of the maximum accumulation capacity. However, the hydraulic characteristics of the screen media in the RESMAS reactor were not dynamic. The object of the present study is to evalute the sludge accumulation rate and effluent quality prediction in the REMSMAS process designed in the dynamic hydraulic structure. This process can eliminate the final sedimentation tank and sludge concentration tank needed in the RBC, CMAS, Trickling Filter and FAST processes. Also, the effluent quality is desirable to compare with other processes. It appeared that the value of the sludge holding capacity was higher than those of the RESMAS and FAST processes, and the periods of the critical operating time were proportional to the substrate hydraulic loadings.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.66-70
• /
• 2001

In this study farm soil was tested under artificial acid rain(pH = 5.34), which is average pH of Pusan metropolitan area. and to find out the soil's acid neuralization capacity, soil acidity, CEC(cation exchange capacity)and akaline meatals, such as K, Ca and Na were tested. Because oyster shells(OS) had portion of alkaline metals, OS could play a role in acid soil amendment. And soil addition of sewage treatment sludge(STS) could be a alternative for disposal method. The purpose of this study is to evlauate acid soil amendment using STS and OS. In case of soil and STS, mixing ratio was10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3. And STS mixed OS was also added in acid soil as same ratio as STS. Throught the experiment, soil acidity was stationary state with slight decrease, and CEC was also stationary state but with slight increase. Allkaline metals showed differences in concentration, but all of them were tend to decrease. In conclusion, STS mixed OS could play a part in amendment of acid soil.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.585-597
• /
• 2008

The aim of this study was to find an analytic solution to the problem of determining the optimal capacity (lot-size) of a batch-storage network to meet demand for a finished product in a system undergoing random failures of operating time and/or batch material. The superstructure of the plant considered here consists of a network of serially and/or parallel interlinked batch processes and storage units. The production processes transform a set of feedstock materials into another set of products with constant conversion factors. The final product demand flow is susceptible to short-term random variations in the cycle time and batch size as well as long-term variations in the average trend. Some of the production processes have random variations in product quantity. The spoiled materials are treated through regeneration or waste disposal processes. All other processes have random variations only in the cycle time. The objective function of the optimization is minimizing the total cost, which is composed of setup and inventory holding costs as well as the capital costs of constructing processes and storage units. A novel production and inventory analysis, the PSW (Periodic Square Wave) model, provides a judicious graphical method to find the upper and lower bounds of random flows. The advantage of this model is that it provides a set of simple analytic solutions while also maintaining a realistic description of the random material flows between processes and storage units; as a consequence of these analytic solutions, the computation burden is significantly reduced.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.167-188
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to suggest safety education on life science inquiry activity, which subjects on the exploration and autonomous research to the relevant topics, mainly done by the science high school students. Investigation was made on subjects of research activity proposed from Life science and autonomous research from science high school students by examine thoroughly 2009 revised education curriculum. To prevent school laboratory accidents, education of basic safety regulations and general precautions should be repeatedly notified by clear statements and expression to each topic. Expressing the safety factors considering the themes of autonomous inquiry and activities presented in the course of education should be done, so that students should not experience laboratory accidents by reason of ignorance. From the beginning of organization to performing research, safety rules about disposing chemicals and tools wastes occurring during research should be noticed and expressed in precautions following waste disposal system should be adopted. It is necessary to level up the accessibility of information about the laboratory safety rules to confirm to the every student, and also ensure the takeover of the clean-up and use of utilities at the time of search end in order to prevent the incidence of laboratory accidents during the thorough stages of biological inquiry activities.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.39 no.4 s.179
• /
• pp.441-450
• /
• 2006

The on-land seismic survey in Korea was begun in mid-1960s. Kim et al.(1967) of Korea Geological Survey reported on the result of gravity and seismic reflection surveys conducted in the Pohang area for the period of 1963-64 to assess its possibility of oil entrapment. Hyun and Kim (1966) carried out a refraction survey on the tunnel wall. Since then, the KGS geophysicists had conducted seismic surveys on Kyungsang sedimentary basin as a main project for several years. In 1970s, on-land seismic surveys had been conducted for various purposes such as site investigation for the nuclear power plants and industrial complex, exploration for ground water, mineral resources and underground tunnel. The first reflection survey with CMP acquisition was attempted in 1978 by using a digital recording system. But most of on-land seismic surveys had employed the refraction method until 1980s. In 1990s, high resolution reflection and various borehole seismic surveys such as tomography, uphole, downhole, cross-hole methods have been attempted by universities and engineering companies. The applications of on-land seismic surveys have been enlarged for both academic and industrial purposes such as investigation of geologic structure of the fault and tidal flat area, construction of highway, railroad and dam, geothermal energy and mineral resource exploration, environmental assessment for waste disposal sites and archaeological investigations. In 2002, the first crustal seismic survey was carried out on the profile of 294km length across the whole peninsular. It is expected that the advanced technology and experience acquired through offshore seismic surveys, which have been conducted in continental shelf of Korea and foreign oil fields, will stimulate the more active on-land seismic explorations.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.575-593
• /
• 2012

This paper briefly introduces the scope and objectives of SKB Task 8, which is an international cooperative research project. In addition, the hydraulic behaviors of bentonite buffer focusing on the interactions between bentonite and a rock mass with a joint were investigated using TOUGH2 code as part of a sub-mission of Task 8a. The effects of a rock joint and high capillary pressure of bentonite on the re-saturation properties and pressure distribution in a buffer were identified and successfully incorporated in the TOUGH2 code. Based on the numerical results, it was found that the speed of re-saturation in bentonite surrounded by a rock mass with a joint is 2.5 to 12 times faster than that in a condition without a rock joint, while the degree of saturation in the lower part of the buffer material is generally higher than in the upper part in both the cases of with and without a joint. It can be anticipated that the results obtained from this study can be applied to an estimation of the full saturation time and a determination of optimum thickness with regard to the design of the bentonite buffer in a high level waste disposal system.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.99-111
• /
• 2014

To verify welfare needs, rural health and environmental factors were compared between agricultural and nonagricultural groups over the past 10 years. Based on a survey of rural life by the Rural Development Administration, whose sample included agricultural (72.8%) and nonagricultural (27.2%) groups, all factors were analyzed using SAS ( 9.3). For rural home heating, the use of oil boilers (77.2%-78.0%) decreased (53.0%-53.7%) over the same period, whereas that of electric boilers increased (21.9% and 13.5% for agricultural and nonagricultural groups, respectively). The joint water- supply increased, and the use of flush toilets (52.4% to 84.5% in the agricultural group and 64.6% to 81.4% in the nonagricultural group) and hot-water bathing was higher in the agricultural group (79% to 92.6%) than in the nonagricultural group (72.2% to 87.6%) at the p<0.001 level. Incineration accounted for the largest portion of household waste until 2006, when it was replaced by other treatment methods such as the pay-per-treatment option (44.4% and 68.3% in the agricultural and nonagricultural groups, respectively) (p<0.001). Garbage disposal in 2001 was mainly burial or animal feed, but separate collection increased in 2010 (42.2% and 64.3% in the agricultural and nonagricultural groups, respectively) (p<0.001). The self-perception of health was lower in the agricultural group than in the nonagricultural group (2.96 to 2.74 on a five-point scale in the agricultural group and 3.07 to 2.98 in the nonagricultural group). Drinking decreased less in the agricultural group (criteria: one point once a week,; 1.48 to 1.20) than in the nonagricultural group (1.13 to 0.80) at p<0.001, and a similar pattern was found for smoking (p<0.001). Health screening decreased in the last 10 years (scoring based one point/1-2 times per year,: 0.94 to 0.64 in the agricultural group and 1.08 to 0.69 in the nonagricultural group;p<0.01). These results indicate that various health and environmental factors were less favorable to farmers except for bathing in comparison to nonagricultural living in the same area. This suggests that people in agriculture are less likely to live and work in favorable environments than those outside the sector and thus indicates a need for more attention to the national health welfare system for farmers for systematic realization.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.61-74
• /
• 2012

Industrial complexes in Korea have been vigorously established by economic development plan and development policy of industry in 1960s. Recently, Korean government has promoted Eco Industrial Park (EIP) project to recycle by-products and wastes in industrial park In this study, we analyzed the physical and chemical properties for the sludges discharged from A industrial complex. And we investigated the economic feasibility and environmental impact of sludge to energy facilities. The analysis results indicated that the petrochemical industry were 92% in sludge production, the highest treatment amount was landfill, followed by incineration and recycling and then ocean disposal. Wastewater sludge and process sludge samples are collected and analyzed to use as basic data on economic feasibility and environmental impact. Weighted average heating value of sludge samples was 3,891kcal/kg. Based on this data, installation and operation costs, operation returns of operating the drying facility are estimated, compared with cogeneration facility. And this study examines how the payback period of each simulation(total 8 case) with the important parameter changes. As a result, it was found that what needs the shortest payback period is 3years with connection of drying facility and cogeneration facility based on the government's financial subsidy system.