• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.139.2-140
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• 2003

Ornithogalum showing mosaic symptoms were collected from the isolated field of National Plant Quarantine Service in Sengrimmyon of Kyungnam province. Electron microscopic examination of negatively strained preparation was filamentous particle of 740nm in lenght. Indirect-ELISA determined that the virus was serologically related to potyvirus. A single major protein band of Mr 30,000 was observed after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Indicator plant test showed masaic, necrotic local lesion and sunken areas in leaves of Nicotiana clevelandii and Tetragonia expansa, while the others of indicator plants did not infect. An enzyme-aided purification protocal was used, which eliminated a highly viscous mucilage from extracts of the Omithogalum. Total RNA extracted from infected Omithogalum leaves were amplified of 411b.p fragment in reverse transcription (RT)-PCR when primers specilic for the coat protein gene. An isolate of Omithogalum mosaic virus (OrMV) of the genus Potyvirus was identified as the casual agent of the disease on the basis of electron microscopic, biological and serological reaction.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2005년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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• pp.162-165
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• 2005

Potato scab, an important disease that affects developing tubers, causes a major problem in potato cultivation. The major potato cultivation areas in Korea are located in two Northern provinces, Gangwon and Gyeonggi, and two Southern provinces, Jeju island, and South Jeolla. In these areas, potato scab is widely distributed and has caused severe problem in potato cultivation. Therefore, potato-growing areas were surveyed for identification and distribution of potato scab pathogens from 1996 to 1999. Pathogenic Streptomyces strains were isolated from potato scab lesions and six representative Streptomyces species were characterized based on their phenotypic and molecular characteristics including, pathogenicity, physiological and morphological properties, analyses of 16SrRNA genes and 16S-23S ITS region, DNA relatedness, production of thaxtomin A, and the presence of nec1 and ORFtnp gene homologs. Three species were identified as previously described Streptomyces scabies, S. turgidiscabies, and S. acidiscabies, while other three species having distinct phenotypics properties were identified as novel S. luridiscabiei, S. puniciscabiei, and S. niveiscabiei.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2003

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains, which cause canker disease in kiwifruit, were collected from kiwifruit orchards in Korea and identified using biochemical and physiological tests. The nucleotide sequences of the 16s rDNA and 16s-23s internally transcribed spacer of the isolates were found to be Identical to those of' the pathotype strain, Kwl 1, of P syringae pv. actinidiae. Remarkably, no coding sequence for phaseolotoxin biosynthesis or phaseolotoxin- resistant ornithine carbamoyltransferase was found by PCR amplification in any of the new Korean isolates of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, although this was clearly identified in the control pathotype Kwl 1 reference strain. In contrast, three primer sets derived from the coronatine biosynthetic gene cluster and DNA from the Korean strains yielded amplified DNA fragments of the expected size. A sequence analysis of the PCR products revealed that P. syringae pv. actinidiae and the Korean strains of pv. actinidiae contain coronafncate ligase genes (cfl)with identical sequences, whereas their. corR genes exhibited 91% sequence similarity. The production of coronatine, instead of phaseolotoxin, by the Korean strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae was confirmed by a bioassay using reference pathovars known to produce coronatine and phaseolotoxin. The genes for coronatine biosynthesis in the Korean strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae were found to be present on plasmids.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.280-289
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• 2018

Previously considered as a component of transcriptional noise, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were neglected as a therapeutic target, however, recently increasing evidence has shown that lncRNAs can participate in numerous biological processes involved in genetic regulation including epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional regulation. In this review, we discuss the fundamental functions of lncRNAs at different regulatory levels and their roles in metabolic balance. Typical examples are introduced to illustrate their diverse molecular mechanisms. The comprehensive investigation and identification of key lncRNAs will not only contribute to insights into diseases, such as breast cancer and type II diabetes, but also provide promising therapeutic targets for related diseases.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by selective destruction of pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells resulting in insulin deficiency. The genetic determinants of T1D susceptibility have been linked to several loci, in particular to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, which accounts for 50% of the genetic risk of developing T1D. Multiple genes in the HLA region, which are in strong linkage disequilibrium, are thought to be involved. Another important locus, with a smaller effect on genetic predisposition to T1D, is the insulin gene. The advent of numerous single nucleotide polymorphism markers and genome screening has enabled the identification of dozens of new T1D susceptibility loci. Some of them appear to predispose to T1D independently of the HLA and may be important in families with T1D who lack strong HLA susceptibility. Other loci may interact with each other to cause susceptibility. The autoimmune response against ${\beta}$-cells can also be triggered by environmental factors in the presence of a predisposing genetic background. Deciphering the environmental and genetic factors involved should help to understand the origin of T1D and aid in the design of individualized prevention programs.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.408-414
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• 2019

Crinum asiaticum and Hymenocallis littoralis, commonly known as spider lilies are bulbous perennial and herbaceous plants that widely planted in Malaysia as ornamental. During 2015-2016, symptom of leaf blight was noticed on the hosts from several locations in Penang. The symptom appeared as irregular brown to reddish lesions surrounded by yellow halos. As the disease progressed, the infected leaves became blighted, dried, and fell off with the presence of black microsclerotia and pycnidia on the lesions parts. The present study was conducted to investigate the causal pathogen of leaf blight on C. asiaticum and H. littoralis. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) gene, the causal pathogen was identified as Macrophomina phaseolina. Phylogenetic analysis of combined dataset of ITS and TEF1-α grouped the isolates studied with other isolates of M. phaseolina from GenBank. The grouping of the isolates was supported by 96% bootstrap value. Pathogenicity test proved the role of the fungus in causing leaf blight on both hosts.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2011

The genome of a potyvirus isolate associated with chlorotic spots and vein banding symptoms on Spathiphyllum spp., in Andhra Pradesh state, India was amplified by RT-PCR using degenerate potyvirus primers, amplicons cloned, and sequence (1.6 kb) analyzed. This virus isolate shared maximum identity of 74.8% and 80.2% at coat protein (CP) gene nucleotide (906 nucleotides) and amino acid (302 amino acids) levels, respectively with Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV)-M13 isolate reported from China. But its 3'-UTR (258 nucleotides) had maximum identity of 62.5% with DsMV-Vietnam isolate. The deduced molecular weight of CP is 33.57 kDa and it contained DAG triplet in its N-terminal region. In CP amino acid based phylogenetic analysis, this virus isolate represented a separate branch but closer to DsMV isolates cluster. Based on the molecular criteria set for the discrimination of species and genus in the Potyviridae family, the present virus isolate was identified as a distinct virus species in the genus Potyvirus and proposed the name Spathiphyllum chlorotic vein banding virus (SCVbV).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.356-381
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• 2023

Although immunotherapy has been broadly successful in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and a subset of solid tumors, its clinical outcomes for glioblastoma are still inadequate. The results could be due to neuroanatomical structures such as the blood-brain-barrier, antigenic heterogeneity, and the highly immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioblastomas. The antitumor efficacy of endogenously activated effector cells induced by peptide or dendritic cell vaccines in particular has been insufficient to control tumors. Effector cells, such as T cells and natural killer (NK) cells can be expanded rapidly ex vivo and transferred to patients. The identification of neoantigens derived from tumor-specific mutations is expanding the list of tumor-specific antigens for glioblastoma. Moreover, recent advances in gene-editing technologies enable the effector cells to not only have multiple biological functionalities, such as cytokine production, multiple antigen recognition, and increased cell trafficking, but also relieve the immunosuppressive nature of the glioblastoma microenvironment by blocking immune inhibitory molecules, which together improve their cytotoxicity, persistence, and safety. Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells edited to reduce graft-versus-host disease and allorejection, or induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NK cells expressing CARs that use NK-specific signaling domain can be a good candidate for off-the-shelf products of glioblastoma immunotherapy. We here discuss current progress and future directions for T cell and NK cell therapy in glioblastoma.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2023

Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are widely used genetic markers with applications in human disease diagnostics, animal breeding, and evolutionary studies, but existing genotyping methods can be labor-intensive and costly. The aim of this study is to develop a simple and rapid method for identification of a single nucleotide change. Methods: A modified Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification of Multiple Specific Alleles (PAMSA) and high resolution melt (HRM) analysis was performed to discriminate a bovine polymorphism in the NCAPG gene (rs109570900, 1326T > G). Results: The inclusion of tails in the primers enabled allele discrimination based on PCR product lengths, detected through agarose gel electrophoresis, successfully determining various genotypes, albeit with some time and labor intensity due to the use of relatively costly high-resolution agarose gels. Additionally, high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis with tailed primers effectively distinguished the GG genotype from the TT genotype in bovine muscle cell lines, offering a reliable way to distinguish SNP polymorphisms without the need for time-consuming AS-PCR. Conclusions: Our experiments demonstrated the importance of incorporating unique mismatched bases in the allele-specific primers to prevent cross-amplification by fragmented primers. This efficient and cost-effective method, as presented here, enables genotyping laboratories to analyze SNPs using standard real-time PCR.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2005

Although the pathogenesis of cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is unknown, a familial predisposition has been recognized, with up to $55\%$ of patients having an affected relatives. Genetic linkage studies have recently mapped a gene causing CCM to a segment of the long arm of chromosome 7 (7q). We report herein a genetic linkage analysis conducted on a Korean three generation family with CCM. It's first report in Korean family. A Korean family in which one member had undergone surgery for ubtracerebrak hematoma (ICH) and confirmed the CCM, was evaluated. They were examined clinically (n=18) and by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (n=10). Polymorphic markers (D7S1813, D7S1789) spanning the CCM1 locus on 7q were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction and analysis of linkage was performed in this family (n=17). Six had multiple lesions on brain MR image, one of them being symptomatic, and five were asymptomatic. Seven remaining members were asymptomatic and refused MR image study. One had died of ICH from presumed CCM. Analysis of the pedigree was consistent with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. All affected patients were linked to CCM1. Linkage to CCM1 can account for inheritance of CCM in this family. They had some striking features with a low clinical penetrance and the presence of multiple lesions. These findings have implications for genetic testing of this disorder and represent an important step toward identification of the gene responsible for the pathogenesis of this disease.