• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.390-397
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• 2021

The selective public-benefit direct payment is a system that provides subsidies to farmers that improve the public benefit of agriculture. However, there are limits in improving the public benefit since the current system simply integrates the prior direct payment system. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the public benefit of agriculture by reorganizing the implementation framework. This study uses the analytic hierarchy process and analytic network process to set the priority of the system and propose an implementation framework. A survey was conducted targeting 51 experts for about two months from August 2020. Study results show that the most important goal of the system is its effectiveness. The public beneficial implementation framework of the selective public-benefit direct payment is bundle type. Meanwhile, the effects of the subcategories of the bundle type lack research. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a pilot project for the bundled type system and systematically establish policies by analyzing the effects of the pilot project. This study provided indicators about policy directions through the evaluation of the selective public-benefit direct payment (plan). The results of this study are expected to provide an objective basis for government policies related to the reform of selective public-benefit direct payment systems in the future.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.73-89
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• 2001

The market conditions of sea mustard is changing by overproduction, decreasing price, Import of blanched and salted sea mustard from China into Korea domestic market and increasing market share of sea mustard of China in Japan. In addition, the price support program in sea mustard aquaculture must be modified due to the restriction of domestic support by international organization such as WTO. There are two ways to solve those problems. First is that finding a way to solve the overproduction of sea mustard. One of possible ways is the production adjustment by Marketing Order. Second is that finding an alternative way to replace price support program. The possible way is Direct Payment instead of purchase stockpile system. To introduce marketing Order, outlook center, organization of self-management, production adjustment through output control measure, improvement of market structure, and education/publicity arc necessary. Also, to implement marketing order, setting a model business by government is required. There are two steps for implementation of marketing order. First step is to construct Order Committee including organization of producer, people related marketing. However, this committee must run by government for certain short-term. Second step is to improve quality of product and acceleration of demand. At visual point that enforcement of the first step is completed, government has process that government transfers Order Committees self-correcting. It is desirable that government only conduct the support acts such as quality improvement and acceleration of demand. Also, at early stage it is necessary to have aid system for marketing order For example, we can expect that income increase by production adjustment in long run. However, in short run the income of producer may decrease so, it is required to compensate his economic lose. For compensation, The useful means that can be utilized is direct payment. Direct payment is not continued policy. Also, when production adjustment policy such as Marketing Order has effective results, Direct Payment as an assistant measure must be reduced or abolished. Therefore, when production adjustment acts as an effective tool to control overproduction, Direct Payment system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.4 s.33
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• pp.115-123
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• 2006

The direct payment program for rural landscape conservation in practice since 2005. Recently it is the policy or plan of direct payment for rural landscape conservation attracts great interests as they may help rural people who are very disadvantaged. This paper presents the status of the direct payment program for landscape conservation in rural area and proposed improvements to the program as following; 1) to diversify the plant species, 2) to include other rural elements than plants, 3) to enlarge the areas of crop plantation, 4) to simplify and clarify application process. We sampled two pilot programs, one of spring flower crop and the other of autumn flower crop, and questionnaire surveyed visitors, local government officers and farmers in order to find problems and suggest improvements.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.837-867
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is evaluate the direct payment program for rural landscape conservation and deduce facts to improve. This research is composed with a survey on local government officials and farmers joined this program, and used monitering in selected 41 zones. According to the surveys, this program showed a positive contribution to the effects: village harmony, visitors increase, village income. However, It's contribute in short term objectives, but has not yet reach the ultimate goal such as regional development through visitors and village income. We found some problems in the monitering, on the agreement with farmers, range of village activities, operating AgriX program, etc. Finally, we suggest some proposals ; 1) to redefine the aims and range for the program, 2) to clarify a village action program, 3) to strength the admission procedure, 4) to designate district based on landscape resources survey.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.8 no.3 s.17
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• pp.15-23
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• 2002

The study was performed to establish a criteria which can be served as a reference in preparing upland direct payment program in Korea, by analyzing WTO agreement content and by studying about direct payment program in EU and Japan and by slope analysis using GIS. Slope analysis using GIS was operated by 1/5000 digital map, and a field survey was put in practice, and merits and demerits were deduced. We can propose a criteria to select the disadvantaged areas in aspects of physical condition, farming condition. and economical and social condition is important to regionally classify "less-favored area(LFA)" and LFA division by economical and social condition is needed to identify legally. Therefore, we would propose a criteria which can select "less-favored area" by analyzing WTO agreement content and by studying about direct payment program in EU and Japan and slope analysis using GIS and a field survey.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.323-365
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• 1999

The digital revolution is happening much more quickly and Internet Commerce and Electronic Commerce is having a profound influence on the global trade and internal commerce, revolutionize the way of doing business, especially retail and direct marketing. Owing to Internet, an increasing share of business transactions occurs online. Electronic payment is essential for the smooth progress of the electronic commerce as electronic payment plays the important role in the electronic commerce, that is, the value transfer resulting from the electronic commerce. So far, there have not been a considerable emphasis on the risks residing in the electronic payment and money. So, this paper deals with the risks in the electronic payment and money, in particular technical risks and social risks, and the reliability-increasing schemes to prevent the risks in the electronic payment. The reliability-increasing schemes relate to the security of the electronic payment systems and certification authority and key management, transaction rules between the parties concerned in the electronic payment.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.101-108
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• 2007

To execute a construction project, many construction participants are engaged in the project. Especially many subcontactors role is very important, but their contract statute seems weaker rather than prime contractor. So to protect the subcontractor and to activate fair subcontract, Fair Transactions in Subcontracting Act was enacted. Direct payment to subcontractor clause of the act can protect subcontractor from the fear of insolvency of prime contractor, on the other hand can cause dispute about the interpretation of defect liability. Therefore the positive act and regulation were examined, and the effects of direct payment to subcontractor were analyzed. And the treatment direction of direct payment were suggested in this paper. Summary is as follows; (1) Statute of subcontractor for the ordering subject must be considered (2) Contract relationship must be reflected in the performance bond, subcontract bond, and subcontract construction conditions (3) To clarify the defect liability for the direct payment, retainage to guarantee the repair during contract period may be reflect on the subcontract construction conditions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.385-388
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• 2020

At present, the payment system in Thailand changes from a paper-based system to a cashless payment system. A coin has its two sides, so the cashless payment has its advantages and disadvantages. This article describes the general advantages and disadvantages of a cashless society in Thailand in the COVID-19 situation. The cashless payment in Thailand consists of credit cards, automated teller machines, direct debit, mobile/Internet banking, e-Wallet, PromptPay, and QR code. The cashless payment is able to assist the government for tax collection accuracy and facilitates users to make financial transactions more transparent and efficient. In addition, the cashless system provides benefits to businesses in which they are able to increase sales and expand business by providing convenient, safe and faster services to customers in making payment for goods/services. It assists businesses to save time and cost of cash management and reduce the paperwork. The cashless payment made the life of students, housewives, and elderly people very easy to carry out financial transactions and there is no need to meet the financial institution staff. This payment system needs advanced technology system skills, a smartphone, and a technology facility. Finally, the cashless payment can reduce the spreading of COVID-19.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.43-56
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• 2020

Purpose - This study was carried out to analyze the influential factors of how consumers methodize purchasing agricultural products via direct market. It further utilizes the Discrete Choice Model to analyze consumer decision specifically with regards to individual markets and store attributes. Research design and methodology - This study will use the multinomial logit model to interpret the influential factors behind selecting a specific market to purchase from. This study establishes 'online direct-purchase' as the base category with 'direct farm markets', 'local foods direct markets', 'produce boxes (CSA)' as substitutes. Results - Firstly, the variety of products, price and freshness had a positive influence on choosing 'direct farm markets' while convenience of payment and transportation had a negative influence. Second, freshness and store attributes had a positive influence on choosing 'local foods direct markets' but product price and packaging, location accessibility had a negative influence. And although product creditability had a positive influence on purchasing 'produce boxes (CSA)', product price had a negative influence. Conclusions - Accordingly, there is a need for the South Korean government to encourage the adoption of mobile payment through smartphone applications in direct farm markets to vitalize direct agricultural purchasing. However, this does need to be approached cautiously as price has a conflicting affect for each method of purchase.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-81
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• 2007

Types of agricultural policy can be catagorized into two general cases: price and income supports. Income supports are any government program designed to provide farmers with higher incomes than they would receive otherwise. These direct cash payments to farmers are known as "deficiency payment" or "direct payment" because they compensate the farmer for the failure of the market to provide farmers with adequate prices. The direct payment to environment-friendly agriculture is a form of income supports for the agriculture production using less pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Because no significant regulation exists on the use of fertilizers substituting chemical fertilizers for crop, the role of the payment on reducing environmental impacts of agriculture is not entirely clear. This uncertainty is likely to be particularly severe in the case that farmers with low-quality land showing greater demand for fertiliser have an incentive to transition to environment-friendly agriculture. The paper shows the case of the current payment system in Korea.