• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between behavior patterns(DISC) and direct indirect of social support from dental hygienists. The data used in this study were obtained from 171 dental hygienists who have been working on dental hospital or clinic in Pusan and Gyeongsangnam-do from 1st July to 30th August in 2011. In the level of direct indirect of social support according to subjects' general characteristics, higher educational level and non-religion was related with higher in direct of social support(p<0.05), and hygienists who worked in general hospital was related with higher indirect of social support(p<0.01). According to between behavior patterns(DISC) and indirect social support, these score were that I-type 3.55, D-type 3.53, C-type 3.41, and S-type 3.36. All behavior patterns(DISC) were similar with the indirect support. In direct support these score were that S-type 2.98 I-type 2.95, D-type and C-type 2.91. In frequency of behavior patterns(DISC), these were that I-type 56.7%, S-type 16.4%, C-type 14%, and D-type 12.9%. In correlation between factors, direction social support was correlated with I-type(p<.01) and C-type(p<.01) of behavior patterns(DISC). On based on these results, if the change of working environment, working condition will improve social support of dental hygienists. And education program have to developed for dental hygienists.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.582-595
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to investigate the causal relations among attachment, and social support influencing problem behavior in middle school students. The data contains 482 middle school students. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS statistical package for correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. Study results were as follows. The correlations among attachment, social support and problem behavior were significant. The results of the structural equation modeling show that students' social support had direct positive influence on problem behavior, but students' attachment didn't have direct positive influence on problem behavior. That is to say, social support mediated the effect of attachment on problem behavior. These results imply that perceived attachment, and social support influence adolescents' problem behavior. Results suggest that programs that promote social support should be given to reduce problem behaviors of middle school students.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2013

This study focused on adolescents who are studying in middle schools of the Gyeongnam region, aims to provide methods for improving school adjustment among adolescents through the enhancement of family strength. It will examine the effect of family strength on adolescents' school adjustment verify the mediating effect of social support in the influential relationships of school adjustment. The summarizations, obtained in this study are as follows: First, an analysis of the results of the effect of family strength on social support demonstrated that family strength had a positive effect on social support. That is, as family strength was higher, social support increased. Second, an analysis of the results of the effect of family strength on school adjustment show that family strength would have a direct effect on school adjustment, which is positive. Where family strength was higher, school adjustment of adolescents was also higher. Third, the results of the effect of social support on school adjustment when controlling family strength demonstrate that social support would have a positive effect on school adjustment, however, family strength did not predict school adjustment. Therefore, the complete mediating effect of social support in the relationship between family strength and school adjustment was identified. In conclusion, it was identified that family strength had an indirect effect on school adjustment, but not a direct effect. Therefore, it is indicated that indirect intervention through the social support system as well as direct intervention for the improvement of adolescents' school adjustment is required. In addition, it was confirmed that family strength and social support would be more important variables than control variables, which reflect the characteristics of adolescents and family in terms of school adjustment. Therefore, the recognition that the responsibility in adjusting to school is the common role of families, schools, and community going beyond the individual responsibility of adolescents is needed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.165-177
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• 2012

This study examined the effect of social support on infant mother's parenting behavior and mediating effects of parenting stress and depression between social support and maternal parenting behavior. Participants were 2078 mothers of infant (4-10 month) in Korea. Data were analyzed by Structural Equation Model. Major findings were as follows: First, social support showed direct effect on maternal parenting behavior. That was the more mother receive social support, mother show responsive and warmer parenting behavior on infant. Second, maternal parenting stress mediated the effect of social support on maternal parenting behavior. That was the more mother receive social support, the less mother experience parenting stress, which in turn contribute to responsive and warm parenting behavior. Third, Maternal depression didn't mediate the effect of social support on maternal parenting behavior. However, social support and maternal parenting stress showed direct effects on maternal depression. This research suggest the needs for development of diverse social support policies and program to help mothers reduce maternal parenting stress and depression.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.769-779
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• 2020

Self-efficacy has been extensively evaluated, but no studies have investigated the effect of self-efficacy on the self-reliance of women in poor-households economic productivity. This study analyzes self-efficacy as a personal factor, learning processes, and social support as an environmental factor towards the achievement of self-reliance in women from poor-households in productive economy businesses. Despite the dominant logic of this scheme, there is a need for field-based data regarding whether the variable really supports the sustainable empowerment of poor-households women. This study used the quantitative method through the survey technique. The samples of this study included 250 people collected from five regencies in Indonesia by using a multiple-stage random sampling. The data were analyzed with structural equation modeling. The results show that social support has a significant positive impact on the learning process; social support has a direct negative impact on self-efficacy. The learning process has a direct positive influence on self-efficacy, while social support has a non-significant impact on self-reliance. The learning process has a direct influence on self-reliance. Social support and the learning process both have significant positive impact on self-efficacy. Social support, learning process, and self-efficacy simultaneously have a positive impact on self-reliance in productive economic activities.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.109-123
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of emotional connection with parents, social support, and isolation on unmarried mothers' child-rearing efficacy. The subjects of this study were 194 unmarried mothers. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, and Pearson's correlation using the SPSS 12.0 program. The test of the theoretical model was performed with an analysis of the correlational matrix in the AMOS 7.0 package for path analysis. The results of this study were as follows: First, the number of adult unmarried mothers was higher than that of teen mothers. Most unmarried mothers had a in low monthly income-, were unemployed, and received economic assistance from the government or social welfare institutions as a major source of their income. Their decision to have a child were for the following reason: the desire to have a child, fear of having an abortion, belief that abortion is a crime, and uncertainty about which decision to make, etc. Second, the women's emotional connection with their parents had a direct effect on social support. Social support had a direct effect on isolation:,- however, it did not have a direct effect on parenting efficacy. Third, the women's emotional connection with their parents had a direct effect on isolation. Isolation had a direct effect on parenting efficacy. Fourth, social support mediated by the women's emotional connection with their parents had an indirect effect on isolation and child-rearing efficacy. Isolation mediated the women's emotional connection with their parents and had an indirect effect on child-rearing efficacy.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.334-343
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• 2010

Purpose: The study was done to explore the effect of perception of parental rearing attitude and social support on self-efficacy and stress among school-aged children, then to supply information for health promotion of children and to promote multi-cultural communication between Korea and China. Methods: The participants for this study were 180 elementary students each, from Korea and China. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, $X^2$test, t-test, correlation analysis and AMOS. Results: Social support had a direct effect on self-efficacy for both Korean and Chinese children. In Korea parental rearing attitude had greater direct effect on stress than social support and self-efficacy. But in China only, parental rearing attitude had direct effect on stress. Conclusion: These findings provide support for perception of parental rearing attitude, social support, and self-efficacy as predictive variables of stress in Korean and Chinese school-aged children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.55-66
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• 2002

This purposes of study are to examine the effect of family related stress and social support on the ways of coping of adolescents and provide a ground necessary to improve it. A survey was conducted on 756 adolescents who were living in Naju. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. This study utilized two different models, direct effect model and buffering effect of social support in order to examine the effects of social support on the ways of coping of adolescents. Research findings suggest that the level of coping appeared to be low in general among adolescents. The finding of direct effect model of social support was that mother's support, father's support, sibling's support, lather's grade, mother's grade, and economic level effected the ways of coping of adolescents. But it was not empirically supported that the social support buffered the family related stress on the ways of coping. In other words, the effects of family related stress factor didn't decrease with the increase in the level of social support, however the level of coping increased at a mercy of the age and economic level. Finally, this paper attempted to provide some alternatives to effectively improve the ways of coping among adolescents based on empirical findings.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.99-111
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationships among the related variables of peer relationship. 547 schoolage children's social support, self-esteem, empathy and peer relationship. Subjects of this study were 547 elementary school students residing in Daegu-Si completed questionnaires assessing peer relationship, social support, self-esteem, empathy. The sample variance-covariance matrix was analyzed using AMOS 20.0, and the maximum likelihood minimization function. The goodness of fit was evaluated using the SRMR, RMSEA and its 90% confidence interval, CFI, and TLI. The results were as follow. First, children's social support was found to hadn't direct effect on peer relationship. Second, children's self-esteem, empathy have a direct effect on peer relationship. Third, children's social support have a direct effect on self-esteem, empathy. and children's self-esteem have a direct effect on empathy.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.116-126
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social support (family, healthcare provider, friends/peer), treatment belief, hope, and health status in patients on hemodialysis, and to identify direct and indirect effects of the variables on patients' health status. Methods: The self-regulation model was used to establish a path model. Data were collected from 240 patients. Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, Herth Hope Index, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-12 were used. Data were analyzed using the SPSS and AMOS programs. Results: The model was supported by fit statistics ($x^2=3.33$, p=.343, GFI .995, RMSEA .021, AGFI .968, NFI .986, CFI .999, TLI .993). Family and friends/peer support showed a significant direct influence on hope, while healthcare provider support directly influenced treatment belief. Social support, treatment belief, and hope directly and indirectly influenced health status, explaining 28.7% of the variance. Conclusion: These results show mechanisms underlying connections between social support and health status by demonstrating impact of social support and showing treatment belief and hope as mediators between social context and outcomes. To promote health of patients on hemodialysis, it is necessary for patient, family, healthcare professional, and friends to collaborate.