• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.562-571
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• 2016

Purpose: In this study the costs and benefits of a home health care program were examined to evaluate the economic feasibility of the program. Methods: The study participants included 349 patients in the community who had been registered at a home health care center for 5 years. The costs and benefits of the program were analyzed using performance data and health data. The benefits were classified as the effects of pressure ulcer care, skin wound care and catheters management. The program effect was evaluated on the change of progress using transition probability. Benefits were divided into direct benefit such as the savings in medical costs and transportation costs, and indirect benefits which included saving in productivity loss and lost future income. Results: Participants had an average of 1.82 health problems. The input cost was KRW 36.8~153.3 million, the benefit was KRW 95.4~279.7 million. Direct benefits accounted for 53.4%~81.2%, and was higher than indirect benefits. The net benefit was greater than 0 from 2006 to 2009, and then dropped below 0 in 2010. Conclusion: The average net benefit during 5 years was over 0 and the benefit cost ratoi was over 1.00, indicating that the home health care program si economical.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.189-191
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• 2004

This paper presents summary results of direct interview survey of Korean industrial customers conducted to evaluate the direct and short duration interruption costs resulting from local random electrical supply interruptions. The cost is evaluated using the questionnaires authors designed, which are mainly on the experience or preparatory actions consumers Predicted they would take. Economic evaluation of reliability that traditionally takes into account duration and frequency of interruption does not accurately reflect the lost value or economic impacts of industrial customer, especially large size, caused by any kind of interruption. So, to imply the substantial difference in costs incurred by different customer group, the authors apply the international standards, i.e. IEC, IEEE, to the analysis on the interruption costs.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.249-256
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• 1999

This study is intended to propose a systematic procedure for the development of the reliability-based seismic safety and cost-effective Performance criteria for design and upgrading of long span PC bridges. In the paper, a set of cost function models for life cycle cost analysis of bridges is proposed. The total life cycle cost functions consist of initial cost and direct/indirect damage costs considering repair/replacement costs, human losses and property damage costs, road user costs, and indirect regional economic losses. The damage costs are successfully expressed in terms of Park-Ang median global damage indices and damage probabilities. The proposed approach is successfully applied to model bridges in both regions of a moderate seismicity area like Seoul, Korea and a high one like Tokyo, Japan. It may be expected that the proposed approach can be effectively utilized for the development of cost-effective performance criteria for design and upgrading of various types of bridges as well as long span PC bridges.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.908-912
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• 2005

Construction Cost Indices are values for measuring fluctuations in direct construction costs which include material costs, labor costs, and equipment costs for construction operations. In Korea, Korea Institute of Construction Technology (KICT) has been assessing and announcing these indices since January, 2004. The main goals of this paper are to look over the calculation process for those indices and then present the trend in construction costs according to the types of facilities with the past construction cost index data. Also, this paper traces the origin of the occurrence of significant changes on those indices through the further analysis of the trend. In addition, this paper shows the practicality of the indices and the way how to put them to practical use. An alternative estimate method using the indices is suggested for compensating the changes of construction costs caused by price fluctuations.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

Objective : To estimate the socioeconomic costs of obesity in Korea,1998. Methods : The 1998 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(1998 NHNES) data was used and 10,880 persons who had taken health examinations were selected for study. Essential hypertension, NIDDM(non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, coronary heart disease, stroke were included as obesity related disease. The data of direct costs of obesity was obtained from the National Federation of Medical Insurance. The category of indirect costs was the loss of productivity caused by premature death and admission, time costs, traffic costs, nursing fees due to obesity. Multiple logistic regression model was developed to estimate prevalence odds ratio by obesity class adjusted demographic and socio-ecnomic factors and calculate PAF(Population Attributable Fraction) of obesity on obesity related disease. And we finally calculated the socioeconomic costs of obesity in relation to BMI with PAF. Results : The direct costs of obesity were 2,126 billion${\sim}965$ billion Won in considering out of pocket payment to uninsured services, and the indirect costs of obesity were 2,099 billion${\sim}1,086$ billion Won. Consequently, in considering out of pocket payment to uninsured services, the socioeconomic costs of obesity were 4.225 billion${\sim}2,050$ billion Won, which corresponded to about $0.094%{\sim}0.046%$ of GDP and $1.88%{\sim}0.91$ of total health care costs in Korea. Conclusions : Obesity represents a major health problem with significant economic implications for the society. This results are conservative estimates as far as all obesity related disease and all health care and indirect costs were not included due to missing information. further studies are needed to caculate socioeconomic costs of obesity more exactly.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.305-318
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• 2009

A marine ranching project in Tongyoung was established in 1998, lasting 9 years to 2006. Project activities included the deployment of artificial reefs, the release of young fishes like jacopever and rockfish, and input/output control for specific marine ranching areas in Tongyoung. This report focuses on the economic feasibility of the project in hindsight. Analysis concentrates on three aspects; (a) direct economic benefits, such as increasing effects of fisheries income and savings in harvesting costs, (b) indirect benefits, including increasing effects of recreational fishing and saving R&D costs, and (c) costs, including releasing and purchasing costs of artificial reef and juvenile fish, R&D costs, maintenance costs and harvesting costs. Results show that NPV=4.7 billion won, IRR=8.55% and B/C ratio=1.286 under Scenario 1, which considers the saving effects of R&D costs, and NPV=0.9 billion won, IRR=6.03% and B/C ratio=1.11 under Scenario 2, which does not consider the saving effects of R&D costs, based on 5.5% of the social rate of discount. According to sensitivity analysis, the economic feasibility is very sensitive to the recapture rate.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2021

A coastal marine ranching project in Uleungdo had been conducted for 5 years from 2013 to 2017 with investment costs of 5 billion won, for the special purpose of the deployment of artificial reefs, the release of young fishes. The paper focuses on an ex-post analysis of the economic feasibility for the project after completing the project, which is apart from a preliminary viability. For economic analysis, the economic benefits are derived from direct benefits including increasing effects of fisheries income and saving effects of harvesting costs, and indirect benefits including increasing effects of recreational fishing and preservation effects of coastal marine ecosystems while economic costs include releasing and purchasing costs of artificial reef and juvenile fish, R&D costs, maintenance costs and harvesting costs. The result shows that the project should not be accepted according to NPV=-0.125 billion won, IRR=4.5% and B/C ratio=0.98 under Scenario 1 which considers direct benefits and indirect benefits excluding the preservation values, while the project should be accepted under Scenario 2 indicating NPV=30.9 billion won, IRR=11.3% and B/C ratio=1.49 which considers the direct benefits as well as the indirect ones including the preservation values, based on 4.5% of the social rate of discount.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.190-198
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• 2009

Objectives : The objective of this study is to estimate the economic costs of cancer on society. Methods : We estimated the economic burden of people with cancer in South Korea. To perform the analysis, we reviewed the records of people who were cancer patients and those who were newly diagnosed with cancer. The data was compiled from the National Health Insurance Corporation, which included the insurance claims database, a list of cancer patients, a database that records the cancer rates, the Korea Central Cancer Registry Center s cancer patient registry database and the Korea National Statistical Office s causes of death database. We classified the costs as related to cancer into direct costs and indirect costs, and we estimated each cost. Direct costs included both medical and non-medical care expenses and the indirect costs consisted of morbidity, mortality and the caregiver's time costs. Results : The total economic costs of cancer in South Korea stood at 14.1 trillion won in 2005. The largest amount of the cost 7.4 trillion won, was the mortality costs. Following this were the morbidity costs (3.2 trillion won), the medical care costs (2.2 trillion won), the non-medical care costs (1.1 trillion won) and the costs related to the caregiver's time (100 billion won). As a result, the economic cost of cancer to South Korea is estimated to be between 11.6 trillion won to 14.1 trillion won for the year 2005. Conclusions : We need to reduce the cancer burden through encouraging people to undergo early screening for cancer and curing it in the early stage of cancer, as well as implementing policies to actively prevent cancer.

• Computational Structural Engineering : An International Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2001

This study is intended to propose a systematic approach for reliability-based assessment of life cycle cost (LCC) effectiveness and economic efficiency for cost-effective seismic upgrading of existing bridges. The LCC function is expressed as the sum of the upgrading cost and all the discounted life cycle damage costs, which is formulated as a function of the Park-Ang damage index and structural damage probability. The damage costs are expressed in terms of direct damage costs such as repair/replacement costs, human losses and property damage costs, and indirect damage costs such as road user costs and indirect regional economic losses. For dealing with a variety of uncertainties associated with earthquake loads and capacities, a simulation-based reliability approach is used. The SMART-DRAIN-2DX, which is a modified version of the well-known DRAIN-2DX, is extended by incor-porating LCC analysis based on the LCC function developed in the study. Economic efficiencies for optimal seismic upgradings of the continuous PC segmental bridges are assessed using the proposed LCC functions and benefit-cost ratio.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to calculate and compare construction costs for On-Site Construction and Off-Site Construction in Plant Project. For this purpose, the target for calculating the construction cost was limited to the Pipe Rack(Steel Structure and Piping). The results derived according to the purpose of the study are as follows. 1)The direct construction cost for On-Site Pipe Rack construction was KRW 56 billion, with Steel Structure KRW 25.1 billion and Piping KRW 30.8 billion won. 2)Comparing the rate of change between On-Site Construction and Off-Site Construction, material costs increased by 1.9% and expenses by 192.1%, but labor costs decreased by -9.1%, resulting in a total direct construction cost increase of 8.4%. These results can be used as reference data to check the current status of the increase or decrease in construction costs when constructing Pipe Racks as Off-Site Construction.