• 비교문화연구
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• 제52권
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• pp.393-416
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• 2018

영어의 부정 스트리핑 구문은 접속사 but, 부사 not, 그리고 하나의 구성성분 NP로 구성되어있다. 해당 구문은 통사적으로는 불완전한 문장처럼 보이지만 의미적으로는 완전한 해석을 전달하며 특히, 이 구문은 중의적인 해석을 가질 수도 있기 때문에 적절한 접근방법으로 의미부를 분석하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 부정 스트리핑 구문의 통사적 구문생성과 중의성 해소를 위해 직접 해석 접근법(Direct Interpretation Approach)을 기반으로 한 구문 규칙을 제안하고자 한다. 이 규칙은 이전의 연구들이 해결하지 못하는 문제점을 설명할 수 있으며, 통사, 의미, 화용론 등 다양한 특성을 설명해준다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2023

Traditional mediation analysis, which relies on linear regression models, has faced criticism due to its limited suitability for cases involving different types of variables and complex covariates, such as interactions. This can result in unclear definitions of direct and indirect effects. As an alternative, causal mediation analysis using the counterfactual framework has been introduced to provide clearer definitions of direct and indirect effects while allowing for more flexible modeling methods. However, the conceptual understanding of this approach based on the counterfactual framework remains challenging for applied researchers. To address this issue, the present article was written to highlight and illustrate the definitions of causal estimands, including controlled direct effect, natural direct effect, and natural indirect effect, based on the key concept of nested counterfactuals. Furthermore, we recommend using 2 R packages, 'medflex' and 'mediation', to perform causal mediation analysis and provide public health examples. The article also offers caveats and guidelines for accurate interpretation of the results.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.37-48
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• 1994

In spatial information processing, particularly in non-renewable resource exploration, the spatial data sets, including remote sensing, geophysical and geochemical data, have to be geocoded onto a reference map and integrated for the final analysis and interpretation. Application of a computer based GIS(Geographical Information System of Geological Information System) at some point of the spatial data integration/fusion processing is now a logical and essential step. It should, however, be pointed out that the basic concepts of the GIS based spatial data fusion were developed with insufficient mathematical understanding of spatial characteristics or quantitative modeling framwork of the data. Furthermore many remote sensing and geological data sets, available for many exploration projects, are spatially incomplete in coverage and interduce spatially uneven information distribution. In addition, spectral information of many spatial data sets is often imprecise due to digital rescaling. Direct applications of GIS systems to spatial data fusion can therefore result in seriously erroneous final results. To resolve this problem, some of the important mathematical information representation techniques are briefly reviewed and discussed in this paper with condideration of spatial and spectral characteristics of the common remote sensing and exploration data. They include the basic probabilistic approach, the evidential belief function approach (Dempster-Shafer method) and the fuzzy logic approach. Even though the basic concepts of these three approaches are different, proper application of the techniques and careful interpretation of the final results are expected to yield acceptable conclusions in cach case. Actual tests with real data (Moon, 1990a; An etal., 1991, 1992, 1993) have shown that implementation and application of the methods discussed in this paper consistently provide more accurate final results than most direct applications of GIS techniques.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2008

Korean space design image is a kind of writing as well as one of the sign that dissembles itself as a direct transcript of what it represents. Moreover it is pictorial representation and notions such as mental and perceptual imaginary. Significance of Iconology lies in how we transform image and the imagination that produces it into power of trust and respect. From this point of view, the process of this study is illustrated as follows: At first, this study search out concept of archetype, collective unconsciousness and collective representation that found principles on basic theory for interpretation of korean space icon. Secondly, it mentions theoretical background of iconological contents and structure. And it clarifies Iconology as a method that is applicable logic for Korean space design. Finally, as an analysis of korean space design, this study analyse in three steps that are pre-iconological description, iconological analysis, iconological interpretation each in terms of modernization at regional korean space design. In the step of the pre-iconological description, it describe visual representative style based on era and place. In the step of the iconological analysis, the typical structure is classified in status, vernacular, ethnic, traditional. In the step of the iconological interpretation, connotation is categorized into allegory, multivalence, potential. Through this process, this study suggest that iconology is an appropriate analysis system of Korean space design images that represent symbols combined with our collective emotion.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.77-100
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• 2004

This paper aims to account for direct combination of an entity type noun with the verb HA- 'do' (ex. piano-rul ha- 'piano-ACC do') in Korean, based on Generative Lexicon Theory (Pustejovsky, 1995). The verb HA-'do' coerces some entity type nouns (e.g., pap 'boiled rice') into event type ones, by virtue of the qualia of the nouns. Typically, a telic-based type coercion supplies individual predication to the HA- construction and an agentive-based type coercion evokes a stage-level interpretation. Type coercion has certain constraints on the choice of qualia. We further point out that qualia cannot be a warehouse of pragmatic information. Qualia are composed of necessary information to explain the lattice structure of lexical meaning and co-occurrence constraints, distinct from accidental information. Finally, we seriously consider co-composition as an alternative to type coercion for the crucial operation of type shift.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제68권3호
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• pp.345-358
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• 2018

Heterogeneous structure and, particularly, low resistance to tension stresses leads to different mechanical properties of the concrete in different loading situations. To solve this problem, the tension zone of concrete elements is reinforced. Development of the cracks, however, becomes even more complicated in the presence of bar reinforcement. Direct tension test is the common layout for analyzing mechanical properties of reinforced concrete. This study investigates scatter of the test results related with arrangement of bar reinforcement. It employs results of six elements with square $60{\times}60mm$ cross-section reinforced with one or four 5 mm bars. Differently to the common research practice (limited to the average deformation response), this study presents recordings of numerous strain gauges, which allows to monitor/assess evolution of the deformations during the test. A simple procedure for variation assessment of elasticity modulus of the concrete is proposed. The variation analysis reveals different deformation behavior of the concrete in the prisms with different distribution of the reinforcement bars. Application of finite element approach to carefully collected experimental data has revealed the effects, which were neglected during the test results interpretation stage.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2013

인터랙티브 전자책에 대한 기존의 독자 이해도 평가 방법들은 대개 이해도 점수를 수치화하는 정량적 평가 방식들로, 개발자나 제작자가 그 의미를 구체적으로 해석하여 반영하기 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 인터랙티브 전자책의 상호작용성, 시각적 특성 및 내러티브 특성에 주목하여 독자의 스토리보드 재구성에 기반한 새로운 이해도 측정 방법을 제안하였다. 실제 독자의 읽기를 통한 이해도 질적 평가를 수행하였으며, 문제가 발생하는 구체적 내러티브 단계 및 상호작용 구성 적절성을 판별할 수 있는 정성적 평가 방법임을 확인하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2006년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.971-976
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• 2006

This paper presents a design technique of steel structures subjected to static and dynamic loadings using practical nonlinear inelastic analysis software. The beam-column approach using the stability functions and the plastic hinge concept enables the software to suitably predict second-order effects and inelastic behavior of beam-columns. For dynamic analysis. the incremental from of the equation of motion is solved by the use of a step-by-step numerical integration procedure in which the assumption of constant acceleration over a small time step is employed. The accuracy of the analysis program is validated using the results of ABAQUS program and experimental tests. A user-friendly graphic interface of the software is developed to facilitate the modeling process and result interpretation of the problem. A design example of large span bridge is presented to detail the direct design process using the practical advanced analysis software.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2007년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.48-53
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• 2007

A new way to integrate various geophysical information for evaluation of RQD was developed. In this study, we did not directly define the RQD value where borehole data are not sampled. Instead, we infer the probability of RQD values with prior probability from borehole direct data, and secondary supporting probability from resistivity and seismic tomography data. For the integration, we applied the geostatstical indicator kriging to get prior probability of RQD value, and indicator kriging with soft data to get the supporting probability from resistivity and seismic data. And we finally use the permanence ratio rule to integrate these information. The finally obtained result was also analyzed to fully utilize the probabilistic features. We show the probability of wrongly classifying the RQD evaluation and vice versa. This result may be used for decision making process based on the geophysical exploration.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.356-368
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to understand how patients experience their nurses, healing relation-ships. The 33 participants were patients who had been admitted to a general nursing unit of a university hospital in Seoul for more than one week, understood the study purpose and agreed take part, were fully conscious, able to communicate and over 20 years of age , their health was improving and they were ready for discharge. The data for this descriptive study using ground theory approach were collected by direct interviews with patients using five main questions derived from the literature and clinical experiences about their experiences of their nurses, healing relationships during hospitalization. Van Kaam’s method was used to analyse the data audio-recorded. Interpretation was enhanced consultations with two supervisors and one head nurse with a master’s degrees in nursing science, one nursing professor and one nursing docotoral candidate. Twenty - four patients said that they had formed a healing relationship with a nurse and nine said their relationship was not healing relationship. Six categories emerging from the characterizations of the healing relationships were valuable gratifying comforting trusting close and sympathetic. Descriptions of non - healing relationships were classified as none and poor. For this group of hospitalized patients nurses’ healing relationships were defined as valuable gratifying comforting trusting close as sym-Pathetic. Since the data suggest a change in the experiences during hospitalization, a gronded theory approach is recommended for further study.