• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.485-491
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• 2016

Objective : The aims of the Korean Neuro-Trauma Data Bank System (KNTDBS) are to evaluate and improve treatment outcomes for brain trauma, prevent trauma, and provide data for research. Our purpose was to examine the mortality rates following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a retrospective study and to investigate the sociodemographic variables, characteristics, and causes of TBI-related death based on data from the KNTDBS. Methods : From 2010 to 2014, we analyzed the data of 2617 patients registered in the KNTDBS. The demographic characteristics of patients with TBI were investigated. We divided patients into 2 groups, survivors and nonsurvivors, and compared variables between the groups to investigate variables that are related to death after TBI. We also analyzed variables related to the interval between TBI and death, mortality by region, and cause of death in the nonsurvivor group. Results : The frequency of TBI in men was higher than that in women. With increasing age of the patients, the incidence of TBI also increased. Among 2617 patients, 688 patients (26.2%) underwent surgical treatment and 125 patients (4.7%) died. The age distributions of survivors vs. nonsurvivor groups and mortality rates according the severity of the brain injury, surgical treatment, and initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were statistically significantly different. Among 125 hospitalized nonsurvivors, 70 patients (56%) died within 7 days and direct brain damage was the most common cause of death (80.8%). The time interval from TBI to death differed depending on the diagnosis, surgical or nonsurgical treatment, severity of brain injury, initial GCS score, and cause of death, and this difference was statistically significant. Conclusion : Using the KNTDBS, we identified epidemiology, mortality, and various factors related to nonsurvival. Building on our study, we should make a conscious effort to increase the survival duration and provide rapid and adequate treatment for TBI patients.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.212-216
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• 2009

WebChemDB is an integrated chemical database retrieval system that provides access to over 8 million publicly available chemical structures, including related information on their biological activities and direct links to other public chemical resources, such as PubChem, ChEBI, and DrugBank. The data are publicly available over the web, using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) structure retrieval systems with various filters and molecular descriptors. The web services API also provides researchers with functionalities to programmatically manipulate, search, and analyze the data.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2007

HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus and more than 1 million new cases are reported annually worldwide. The six major HCV genotypes and numerous subtypes vary in their geographic distribution. It is thought that genetic heterogeneity of HCV may account for some of the differences in disease outcome and response to treatment observed in HCV infected persons. In this study, we determined HCV genotypes among chronic Korean HCV patients and evaluated direct sequence PCR protocols developed. For the study, 232 chronic HCV patient sera were used. HCV RNA was extracted and two pairs of consensus PCR primers were selected in 5'UTR region for amplification of HCV RNA. Amplification products obtained from the HCV positive cases were subjected to automatic sequencing. Sequences were compared with those in GenBank by using the BLAST program. From this study, five HCV genotypes, 1b, 2a, 2b, 2c and 3a were found. HCV genotypes 4, 5 and 6 were not determined. HCV genotype 1b (53.9%, 125/232) and 2a (35.8%, 83/232) were most frequently found. This group was followed by 2b (3.9%, 9/232), 3a (3.4%, 8/232) and 2c (3.0%, 7/232). The data presented here suggest a complex distribution of HCV types and they were well correlated with other reports on Koreans and will be helpful for type-specific follow-up of Korean HCV patients. This study showed that 5'UTR direct sequence analysis is a sensitive and rapid method to identify HCV genotypes.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.59-59
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• 2018

Panax ginseng Meyer (Korean ginseng) is in the spotlight of Oriental medicine and is proclaimed as the king of medicinal plants owing to its adaptogenic characteristics. Ginseng root rot is a devastating disease caused by the fungus, Ilyonectria mors-panacis that generally attacks younger roots (~2 years), leading to defects in root quality, ginsenoside accumulation and also life cycle of the plant. Hence, there is an indispensable need to develop strategies resulting in tolerance against ginseng root rot. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of silica nanoparticles(N-SiO2) in Panax ginseng during I. mors-panacis infection. Long term analysis (30 dpi) revealed a striking 50% reduction in disease severity index upon 1mM and 2mM treatment of N-SiO2. However, N-SiO2 did not have any direct antifungal activity against I. mors-panacis. Membrane bound sugar efflux transporter, SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) was identified in ginseng and as expected, its expression was suppressed upon N-SiO2 treatment in the root rot pathosystem. Furthermore, the total and reducing sugars in the apoplastic fluid clearly revealed that N-SiO2 regulates sugar efflux into apoplast. In a nut shell, N-SiO2 administration induces transcriptional reprogramming in ginseng roots, leading to regulated sugar efflux into apoplast resulting in enhanced tolerance against I. mors-panacis.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.549-558
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• 2007

C4B and BAT2, assigned to the SLA class III region, were recently reported on relation with human diseases. The primers for RT-PCR and RACE-PCR for CDS analysis of these genes of pig were designed by aligning the CDSs of humans and mice from GenBank. After we amplified and sequenced with these primers and cDNAs, the full-length CDSs of pig were determined. The CDS lengths of C4B and BAT2 were shown as 5226 bp and 6501 bp. In addition, the identities of nucleotide sequences with human and mouse were 76% to 87%, and the identities of amino acids were 72% to 90%. After we carried out the alignment with determined CDSs in this study and pig genomic sequences from GenBank, the primers for cSNP detection in genome were designed in intron regions that flanked one or more exons. Then, we amplified and directly sequenced with genomic DNAs of six pig breeds. Four cSNPs from C4B and three 3 cSNPs from BAT2 were identified. In addition, amino acid substitution occurred in six cSNP positions except for C4248T of C4B. By the Multiplex-ARMS method, we genotyped seven cSNPs with DNA samples used for direct sequencing. We verified that this result was the same as that analyzed using direct sequencing. To demonstrate recrudescence, we performed both direct sequencing and Multiplex-ARMS on two randomly selected DNA samples. The genotype of each sample showed the same result from both methods. Therefore, seven cSNPs were identified from C4B and BAT2 and could be used as the basic data for haplotype analysis of SLA class III region. Moreover, the Multiplex-ARMS method should be powerful for genotyping of genes assigned to the whole SLA region for the xenograft study.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.653-660
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• 2000

In this paper, an adaptive interference excision scheme with multiple adaptive filter bank using an adaptive algorithm is proposed. This scheme suppresses interference in the wavelet packet transform domain for the direct spread spectrum communication systems. Using the Monte-Carlo simulation, we analyze the performance of the direct spread spectrum communication systems with this excision scheme using LMS and RLS adaptive algorithms in AWGN and interference channel.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.27-33
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• 2012

Purpose - The article studies aims to construct the center of economy in the upriver area of Chang Jiang, and has realistic significance probing into the contribution of insurance essential factor market to economic development on the contribution role of essential factor market of insurance in financial industry development to economic growth in Chongqing in both aspects of direct and indirect contribution by the way of demonstration analysis. Research data and methodology - The data are from Statistic Yearbook in Chongqing in 1997-2008.The conclusion shows that essential factor market of insurance development falls behind of economic growth in direct aspect; BBD, BLD and FIR could pull economic growth, but ID just restrain economic growth in Chongqing. Results -The estimate coefficient sigh of BDD, BLD, FIR are plus but ID is not, it is to say the increase of bank deposit dump could impel economic growth, which is accord with general thought. Conclusions - At last, the article Having Studied on the contribution role of essential factor market of insurance in financial industry development to economic growth in Chongqing by the way of demonstration analysis.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.175-182
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to establish the direction of industrial policy by comparing the employment inducement effect on the related industries of the digital bio-healthcare industry. The analysis data used the three-year input-output table measured by the Bank of Korea. First, the research method was rewritten into 7 major industries to compare statistical data by period. Second, the Bank of Korea's industry-related analysis methodology was utilized. Third, the weight was reflected and compared by employment, production, and investment sectors of the digital bio-healthcare industry. As a result of the analysis, first, the employment sector had a higher effect than the average of the entire industry, second, the production sector was low, and third, the investment sector required investment in the service sector. The conclusions drawn from the analysis showed that direct investment and continuous investment are required in the employment sector, the development of professional manpower is urgent, and direct investment and long-term investment are effective in the production sector.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.263-269
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of consumer price index, infrastructure, human resources, trade openness, and private credit on the attraction of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Tay Ninh province as well as to emphasize the important role of FDI in economic growth of developing areas. The research data was collected from Tay Ninh Statistical Office with 80 samples of a 20-year period from 2000 to 2019. Also, OLS regression method using Eviews software was employed to analyze the data obtained. The findings revealed that human resources, infrastructure and private credit have a positive and significant impact on FDI attraction in Tay Ninh province, while consumer price index was proven to affect FDI attraction negatively. Accordingly, competent authorities of Tay Ninh province should focus on stabilizing prices as well as implementing policies for developing local human resources and attracting high-quality personnel from foreign countries. Tay Ninh province also needs to pay more attention to information technology investment for synchronous development of infrastructure. Moreover, the State Bank of Tay Ninh branch needs to consider more credit sources to provide support packages for businesses, creating a strong basis for establishments to attract FDI for the province's economic development.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.343-348
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• 2020

So far, research into multinational bank' overseas expansion has focused on foreign direct investment in the financial services industry. However, this study focused its existing theories on multinational banks on decision-making related to the type of overseas advancement of local financial institutions. For research, four environmental factors were considered: the scale of foreign direct investment, the scope of financial services that can be provided according to the rules of the host country, the corporate tax rate of the host country, and the level of development of the host country's banking industry. Through Kotra, data on the total amount of claims from 2010 to 2014 and the regulatory status for the country's financial industries were obtained. Hypothesis are built around theories and survey factors and has been demonstrated through regression analysis. Results show that Korean financial institutions tend to expand as legally independent subsidiaries where the corporate tax rate of the host country is relatively low. Contrary to the previous studies based on the U.S. banking corporates, results show that Korean banks tend to expand in forms of branches to the host countries with high level of banking system development.