• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.201-208
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• 2008

Physical evaluations provide the basis for an objective and quantitative analysis of the image quality. Nonetheless, there are limitations in using physical evaluations to judge the utility of the image quality if the observer's subjectivity plays a key role despite its imprecise and variable nature. This study proposes a new method for objective and quantitative evaluation of image quality to compensate for the demerits of both physical and subjective image quality and combine the merits of them. The images of chest phantom were acquired from four digital radiography systems on clinic sites. The physical image quality was derived from an image analysis algorithm in terms of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the low-contrast objects in three regions (lung, heart, and diaphragm) of a digital chest phantom radiograph. For image analysis, various image processing techniques were used such as segmentation, and registration, etc. The subjective image quality was assessed by the ability of the human observer to detect low-contrast objects. Fuzzy integral was used to integrate them. The findings of this study showed that the physical evaluation did not agree with the subjective evaluation. The system with the better performance in physical measurement showed the worse result in subjective evaluation compared to the other system. The proposed protocol is an integral evaluation method of image quality, which includes the properties of both physical and subjective measurement. It may be used as a useful tool in image evaluation of various modalities.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.273-283
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• 2024

The digital domain has witnessed unprecedented growth, reshaping the way we interact, work, and even perceive reality. The internet has evolved into a vast ecosystem of interconnected virtual worlds, giving birth to the concept of the Metaverse. The Metaverse, often envisioned as a collective virtual shared space, is created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical reality and interactive digital spaces. Within this Metaverse space, the concept of ownership, identity, and authenticity takes on new dimensions, necessitating innovative solutions to safeguard individual rights. The digital transformation through Metaverse has also brought forth challenges, especially in copyright protection. As the lines between the virtual and physical blur, the traditional notions of ownership and rights are being tested. The Metaverse, with its multitude of user-generated content, poses unique challenges. The primary objective of this research is multifaceted. Firstly, there's a pressing need to understand the strategies employed by non-fungible token (NFT) marketplaces within the Metaverse to strengthen security and prevent copyright violations. As these platforms become centers for digital transactions, ensuring the authenticity and security of each trade becomes paramount. Secondly, the study aims to delve deep into the foundational technologies underpinning NFTs, from the workings of blockchain to the mechanics of smart contracts, to understand how they collectively ensure copyright protection. Thus, in this paper, we propose a quantum based NFT solution that can secure Metaverse and copyright contents in an advanced manner.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2008

Digital Virtual Manufacturing is a technology facilitating effective product developments and agile productions via digital models representing the physical and logical schema and the behavior of real manufacturing systems. A digital virtual factory as a well-designed and integrated environment is essential for successful applications of this technology. In this research, we construct a sophisticated digital virtual factory for the section steel shop in a Korean shipbuilding company by 3-D CAD and virtual manufacturing simulation. The NIST-AMRF CIM hierarchical model and workflow analysis using IDEF methodology are also applied. This digital virtual factory can be applied for diverse engineering activities in design, manufacturing and control of the real factory, and improvements in quality of engineering and savings in time from design to production in shipbuilding are possible.

• IE interfaces
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.94-103
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• 2005

Digital Manufacturing is a technology to facilitate effective product developments and agile productions by digital environments representing the physical and logical schema and the behavior of real manufacturing system including manufacturing resources, processes and products. A digital factory as a well-designed and integrated environment is essential for successful applications of this technology. In this research, we constructed a sophisticated digital factory of an automotive company’ general assembly shop by measuring and 3-D CAD modeling using parametric methods. Specific parameters of each objects were decided by object-oriented schema of the general assembly shop. It is expected that this method is very useful for constructions of a digital factory, and helps to manage diverse information and re-use 3D models.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.91-100
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting Visual Display Terminal (VDT) syndrome for elementary school students in the digital learning environment. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify the factors affecting VDT syndrome in the digital learning environment. This was conducted with 256 elementary school students in grades 5-6 with more than a year of experience in digital learning. The regression model explained 41% of elementary school students' VDT syndrome in the digital learning environment. Variables significantly affecting VDT syndrome include game addiction, sleep time, and air quality with game addiction as the most influential. In the digital learning environment, VDT syndrome is significant because it has physical and psychological impacts on the growth of elementary school students. Therefore, it is necessary to develop guidelines for ideal computer usage habits for this age group.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.141-148
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• 2022

Due to the fast development of information and communication technology, many people are enjoying benefits. However, there are those who do not enjoy the benefits of such information technology due to physical disabilities or economic reasons. This class is classified as an information-vulnerable class with so-called digital divide, and the disabled can be said to be a representative information-vulnerable class. The purpose of the paper is to identify the various causes of digital divide and propose improvement measures for the disabled in Korea. For this purpose, the digital divide data by the national institution over the past four years were analyzed. Through various statistical analysis, it was found that the main cause of the digital divide was insufficient information competency among the three factors diagnosing the digital divide namely, information access, information competency, and information utilization. It was also found that the information utilization activities of the disabled were not productive and consumption-oriented

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.287-294
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• 2013

Recently, Universities's idea of employment are activity discussed. Especially, Service oriented departments' argument about the curriculum and the environment tests its accomplishment with value in employment. Therefore, this study has been done on the department of airline service which has representation of employment. This study determines the condition and the position of the department of airline services that it estimates the future service orientation in organizations placing education. It appeared that self-esteem affected Physical environment, and service effect quality as a company's loyalty. Accordingly, to improve self-esteem working staff in service should be improved. And other various measures education service quality, self-esteem, and company's loyalty should be taken as well.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2010

Physical manifestations of aging due to the lack of exercise include the slowing down of motor learning, cardiopulmonary degradation, and the increasing difficulty to adapt to the environment. Aging is manifested with the lack of aerobic exercise work, decrease in muscular endurance, decline in skeletal and muscular strength, flexibility and agility, and the decrease in reaction speed and balance. Added to those are aging-related physiological changes, including the reduction of muscle bulk, increased body fat, decrease in total body water and basic metabolic rate as activities are reduced, and a decrease in cell and Lean Body Mass (LBM). These changes are known to cause problems. Interest and participation in appropriate physical activities among the elderly is needed to help them increase stamina, avoid diseases, maintain a clear intellect, and basically enable the elderly to live their daily lives as easy as possible. Therefore, physical activities are necessary for the elderly to enhance health-related factors. Special exercises should be performed for the enhancement of muscle function, muscle endurance, flexibility, agility, and balance. An accurate measurement of cardio-respiratory endurance and stamina through basic physical and cognitive characteristics of older adults is also required to ensure safety. Also, the development of a more scientific resistance exercise prescription system for the elderly is desperately needed.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.30-47
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• 2013

In the modern fashion industry, efficiency has been increasing thanks to development of computer graphics, IT technology, and digitalization. Unlike the past when fashion design heavily depended on handwork, digitalization of fashion industry makes fabrication time shorter and enables designers to adopt comprehensive expression, generating high value-added product. The Apparel CAD, an example of the digitalized fashion industry, has been developed from 2D system into a system providing 3D simulation. Digital clothing can be determined as an activity of designers using the tool in order to fabricate pattern and simulate its designed clothes in the virtual space of computer. In this study, physical properties of eight materials, which can be utilized on a par with current fashion trend, have been specified. For more sophisticated investigation, external appearance of the material was investigated by 3D scanning. In order to examine the physical properties of fabric specimens, KES(Kawabata Evaluation System) measurements and other physical property measurements were made. With the results, virtual material and clothes were simulated via CLO 3D, one of 3D apparel CAD systems. Then, virtual fabrics and clothes of similar types were generated and analyzed.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.102-108
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine the changes of skin temperature and subjective fatigue of the thoracic vertebrae by the chiropractic adjustments. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system will cause the changes in the skin blood flow which can be detected by measuring the skin surface temperature. This study was to see whether chiropractic adjustments could affect the activity of the sympathetic nervous system as reflected by changes in skin temperature of the thoracic. Skin temperature and subjective fatigue on 16 subjects was measured before, within 10 sec, 10min, 20min and 30 min after a thoracic adjustment with Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI) and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). The adjustments consisted of a straight posterior-to-anterior high-speed, low-amplitude thrust to the transverse process of T3-T10 using a reinforced hypothenar contact. The average temperature and fatigue changed when the spine was considered as an entire unit. These results illustrate that the blood flow through the soft tissue can be affected by specific adjustments to the spine. This study might be served as an useful baseline data for the changes of the circulation and fatigue after the chiropractic adjustments.